A Study on the Legal Status of Animals - Duality as legal subject and object-

This contribution addresses the question regarding the legal nature of a cryopreserved embryo. Such preservation is a relatively modern development in the medical field. Neither Tennessee (USA) law nor European law provides an acceptable explanation regarding its legal nature. It is argued herein that this is mainly due to the fact that rather unscientific language is applied. It is suggested that the using of concise legal terminology may contribute to a better understanding. The terms legal subject and object and legal subjectivity are well-known and have definite legal content. By drawing an analogy between the legal status of an infant and such embryos, the conclusion is reached that embryos are not legal subjects sui iuris but indeed share the legal subjectivity of their parents.

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Administrative and legal status of convicts

Vedomosti (Knowledge) of the Penal System ◽

10.51522/2307-0382-2021-225-2-61-70 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 225 (2) ◽

pp. 61-70

Author(s):

V.N. CHORNY ◽

◽

E.V. SENATOVA ◽

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Legal Status ◽

Legal Subject ◽

Legal Nature

Abstract. The article discusses features of the administrative and legal status of convicts, examines the mechanisms for the implementation of their rights and responsibilities of administrative and legal nature. The authors did not set the task of a detailed study of the legal status elements (rights, legal inte-rests, responsibilities). The purpose of the work is to reflect the peculiarities of the sectoral status of convicts using the example of administrative and legal status. The article draws attention to the fact that special status of a convict is formed not only by the penal legislation, but also by other segments, and the convicted person, as a legal subject, implements elements of his sectoral status with restrictions that distinguish him from other citizens who are not serving criminal sentences. Key words: administrative and legal status, convicts, special legal subject.

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Reklamasi pantai berkaitan dengan status hukum tanah dan pendapatan daerah dalam tatanan negara Indonesia

PROGRESIF: Jurnal Hukum ◽

10.33019/progresif.v14i1.1620 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

H Muhamad Rezky Pahlawan MP

Keyword(s):

Legal Status ◽

Regional Government ◽

Economic Sector ◽

Business World ◽

Legal Subject ◽

Legal Subjects ◽

The City ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Vast Area ◽

Legal Infrastructure

The need for land has become a very important demand explosion due to the vast area of the city of Jakarata which is already very dense. So that reclamation becomes one of the efforts in increasing the region as well as regional income. The purpose of this research is to provide a clear and formal explanation for both the regional government and the general public. The writing uses an empiric juridical method with a positive written legal approach that is applied to in concreto legal events in society. . This can affect the legal subjects holding rights from land reclaimed by the beach. The legal status of the legal subject to management rights is still regulated by general regulations so that it can lead to multiple interpretations of legal subjects that hold management rights from land reclaimed by the beach. Regional Governments should be able to prepare legal infrastructure in accordance with the existing laws and regulations and can also have a positive effect on the business world as well as the economic sector.

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Penguatan Masyarakat Hukum Adat dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Desa dari Perspektif Kajian Yuridis

Journal of Indonesian Adat Law (JIAL) ◽

10.46816/jial.v2i3.8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 74-104

Author(s):

Mulyanto

Keyword(s):

Indigenous People ◽

Local Governments ◽

Legal Status ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Customary Law ◽

Political Will ◽

Legal Subject ◽

Analysis Techniques ◽

Object Of Study ◽

The Village

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan penguatan masyarakat hukum adat dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode hukum normatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Penelitian ini menempatkan sistem norma dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa sebagai objek kajian. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang terdiri dar bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Teknik analisis data secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan theoritical interpretatif dengan menafsirkan data yang dikumpulkan berdasarkan teori sebagai kerangka berpikir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengakuan masyarakat hukum adat telah dijamin dalam Konstitusi baik itu UUD 1945 Pra Amendemen maupun UUD 1945 Pasca Amendemen. Penguatan Masyarakat Hukum Adat dalam UU No. 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa dengan menganut asas rekognisi yang merupakan asas pengakuan dan penghormatan negara terhadap kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat berupa otonomi komunitas. Implikasinya terjadi peningkatan status hukum dari kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat menjadi desa adat dengan status sebagai subjek hukum. Kebijakan penguatan masyarakat hukum adat tersebut secara formil masih membutuhkan political will pemerintah daerah dan inisasi Masyarakat Hukum Adat untuk mengikuti prosedur menjadi Desa Adat. The objective of research to describe the understanding of indigenous people in Act No. 6 of 2014 concerning the village. The method used is the method descriptive normative law. This study puts the system of norms in Act No. 6 of 2014 on the village as an object of study. This study uses secondary data consisting dar primary legal materials and secondary law. Qualitative data analysis techniques using interpretative theoritical to interpret the data collected under the theory as a framework. The results showed that the recognition of indigenous people has been guaranteed in the Constitution is the Constitution of 1945 Before the Amendment and the Constitution of 1945 After the changes. Strengthening indigenous people in uUndang Act No. 6 of 2014 with the principles of recognition which is a principle of recognition and respect for the state of the law community unit in the form of community autonomy. The implication an increase in the legal status of customary law community unit into a traditional village with its status as a legal subject. Strengthening public policy formally customary law still requires the political will of local governments and the initiation indigenous people to follow the procedure becomes a traditional village.

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TINJAUAN YURIDIS DUALISME STATUS HUKUM INDIVIDU PENJABAT DIREKTUR KORPORASI

Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni ◽

10.24912/jmishumsen.v5i1.9504.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 111

Author(s):

Handoyo Prasetyo ◽

Subakdi Subakdi

Keyword(s):

Corporate Governance ◽

Legal Status ◽

Legal Protection ◽

Limited Liability ◽

Company Law ◽

Corporate Management ◽

Legal Subject ◽

Holding Company ◽

Good Corporate Governance ◽

Corporate Director

The corporation is one of the backbones of economic growth in Indonesia. The corporation as a legal subject in the form of a legal entity due to its functional nature, will always be represented by an individual who is authorized by law to carry out corporate management functions. Individual Director of a corporation who comes from an internal corporation raises a dualism of legal status that covers Individual of Director, namely the Manpower Law and the Limited Liability Company Law. In addition, Individual of Director must also comply with all regulations related to their business activities (compliance principles). This research is made by looking at the factors that cause the dualism of legal status of Individual Director and the efforts made to provide legal protection for employees who act as corporate director in applying the principle of compliance to ensure the achievement of good corporate governance. Because this research is a research in the field of law, this research uses a normative juridical research method which is descriptive analytical in nature, to analyze the phenomena and what factors cause these problems / phenomena, namely the dualism status of Individual Director law. From this research, it was found that the factors of the dualism of legal status of Individual Director were because the holding company did not give up the employment status of individual employees who were appointed as directors and in contrast, Individual of Director were also reluctant to give up their employment relationship with the holding company. In order to protect the Individual Director from all legal risks that he faces in the implementation of the functions of the board of directors, the principle of compliance must be implemented properly and always act in a professional manner for the advancement of the corporation. Korporasi menjadi salah satu tulang punggung pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Korporasi sebagai subjek hukum yang berbentuk badan hukum (rechtspersoon) karena sifat fungsionalnya, akan selalu diwakili oleh seorang individu yang diberikan kewenangan oleh undang-undang untuk melaksanakan fungsi kepengurusan korporasi. Individu Direktur korporasi yang berasal dari karyawan internal korporasi menimbulkan dualisme status hukum yang menaungi Individu Direktur yakni Undang-undang Ketenagakerjaan dan Undang-undang Perseroan Terbatas. Disamping itu Individu Direktur juga harus mentaati semua peraturan yang terkait dengan kegiatan usahanya (compliance principle). Penelitian ini dibuat dengan tujuan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya dualisme status hukum Individu Direktur korporasi dan upaya yang dilakukan guna memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi karyawan yang menjabat sebagai direktur korporasi dalam menerapkan compliance principle guna memastikan tercapainya tata kelola perusahaan yang baik (good corporate governance). Karena penelitian ini adalah penelitian di bidang hukum, maka penelitian ini mempergunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif yang bersifat deskriptif analitis, untuk menganalisis fenomena yang ditemukan dan faktor apa yang menyebabkan timbulnya masalah / fenomena tersebut yakni adanya dualisme status hukum Individu Direktur. Dari penelitian ini ditemukan faktor-faktor timbulnya dualisme sistem hukum yang menaungi Individu Direktur di disebabkan karena korporasi induk (holding company) tidak melepaskan status ketenagakerjaan individu karyawan yang diangkat menjadi direktur dan sebalinya Individu Direktur juga enggan melepaskan hubungan ketenagakerjaannya dengan holding company. Untuk melindungi Individu Direktur dari segala resiko hukum yang dihadapinya dalam pelaksanaan fungsi direksi, maka compliance principle harus dilaksanakan secara baik dan senantiasa bertindak secara profesional demi kemajuan korporasi.

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Fear of the Wandering Gay: some reflections on citizenship, nationalism and recognition in same-sex relationships

International Journal of Law in Context ◽

10.1017/s1744552312000080 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 268-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zvi Triger

Keyword(s):

International Law ◽

Legal Status ◽

Proper Solution ◽

Same Sex ◽

Legal Subject ◽

Sexual Deviancy ◽

Law And Policy ◽

The Family ◽

History Of ◽

Privileged Class

AbstractThroughout the history of the modern state, homosexuality has been a legal category, and not simply a medical or a psychiatric one. Fear of that legal subject manifests itself in law and policy not only about ‘the family’ but also about nationhood and citizenship. This is an article about this fear of the ‘Wandering Gay’, about the ways in which this fear has influenced domestic and international law regarding recognition in same-sex relationships, and about ways in which it can be overcome. I begin by introducing the Wandering Gay as a hidden driving cultural concept behind a state's reluctance (and in some places, outright objection) to recognise same-sex relationships. I then compare American and Israeli immigration policies concerning immigrants' sexuality, and discuss the different focuses of each system: while American policy (prior to its reform) was mainly concerned with ‘sexual deviancy’, Israeli policy was concerned with otherness, particularly non-Jewishness, in general. However, as I argue, homosexuality is one way in which individuals are ‘othered’ by Israeli immigration policy, since they cannot acquire legal status based on their marital status. I then contend that marriage is being used as a weapon against LGBT individuals, and that this is done from within a discourse that elevates marriage to a right that only heterosexual citizens are entitled to. I argue that marriage is used as a means of discrimination against minorities, and I question whether the proper solution to this violation of human rights is indeed to add more and more minorities to the privileged class of those who can marry, thus equipping them with the weapon of marriage to use against others.

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EFEKTIVITAS SANKSI PIDANA PAJAK DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 28 TAHUN 2007 TENTANG KETENTUAN UMUM DAN TATA CARA PERPAJAKAN (Studi di Pengadilan Pajak Jakarta)

Jurnal Dinamika Hukum ◽

10.20884/1.jdh.2009.9.3.231 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Tri Wibowo

Keyword(s):

Tax Evasion ◽

Research Result ◽

Policy Formulation ◽

Tax System ◽

Legal Subject ◽

Subject And Object

One effort of realizing independence of nation in defrayal of development is find the source of fund that coming from tax. But, there are behavior of tax evasion that manipulated by legal subject and object of tax for to get thrift of tax by doing contempt of court (unlawful), and manipulate the tax is coherent virus (inherent) in each tax system that applying in every jurisdiction. Based on research result, applying of sanction in the case of manipulate of tax is not yet effective, because not all that order in the norm did, for example bookkeeping’s not true and not yet had NPWP. Therefore, the policy formulation of crime sanctions in Law Taxation and also there must be support society and from government enforcers, so application of sanction of crime in taxation area can effectively did it. Kata Kunci : Pajak, Penggelapan Pajak, efektivitas sanksi pidana

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