scholarly journals Review: Pengaruh Tanaman Obat Yang Beraktivitas Hipertensi Terhadap Ekspresi Gen Reseptor ACE-1 dan ACE 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-31
Author(s):  
Nisa Nur Afifah ◽  
Yani Mulyani ◽  
Ari Yuniarto
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Ace Inhibitor ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Plant Gene Expression

Hipertensi adalah salah satu penyakit dengan angka kesakitan dan kematian yang terus meningkat, termasuk di Indonesia. Dalam mengatasi hipertensi obat-obatan seperti ACE inhibitor berperan dalam menurunkan tekanan darah diastol dan sistol, namun tanaman obat seperti ekstrak buah hawthorn, buah zaitun (Olea europaea L.), Hibiscus Sabdariffa, Allium Sativum dan Allium Cepa juga memiliki efek sebagai antihipertensi dengan harga yang relatif murah, mudah didapat, efek samping yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan obat sintesis atau kimia lainnya. Review jurnal ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui berbagai tanaman obat yang memiliki aktivitas hipertensi dan berpengaruh terhadap ekspresi gen reseptor hipertensi ACE1 dan ACE2. Penelusuran referensi dilakukan melalui database PubMed, Science Direct, dan Google Scholar, dengan kata kunci “Medicinal Plant”, “Gene expression”, “Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 1”, “Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2”, dan“Antihypertension”. Tanaman obat digunakan sebagai terapi alternatif penurun tekanan darah tinggi dan merupakan salah satu cara pengobatan non farmakologis hipertensi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tanaman obat memiliki pengaruh dalam menurunkan tekanan darah tinggi karena kandungan senyawa yang ada dalam masing-masing tanaman sehingga mampu menghambat reseptor hipertensi ACE1 dan ACE2 dengan berbagai metode ekspresi gen. Banyak tanaman obat yang telah diteliti memiliki aktivitas sebagai antihipertensi. Dari 14 tanaman obat dengan aktivitas sebagai anti hipertensi, sebanyak 90% tanaman berpengaruh terhadap ekspresi gen Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 1 (ACE 1), dan sebanyak 10% tanaman memiliki pengaruh terhadap Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE 2). Tanaman obat yang telah ditemukan dan memiliki aktivitas terhadap ekspresi gen Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 1 (ACE 1) paling banyak merupakan tanaman obat dengan family Poaceae, Oleaceae, dan Zingiberaceae.

scholarly journals Circulating plasma concentrations of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in men and women with heart failure and effects of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone inhibitors

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (19) ◽  
pp. 1810-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iziah E Sama ◽  
Alice Ravera ◽  
Bernadet T Santema ◽  
Harry van Goor ◽  
Jozine M ter Maaten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Ace Inhibitors ◽  
Ace Inhibitor ◽  
Validation Cohort ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Raas Inhibitors

Abstract Aims The current pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infects a wide age group but predominantly elderly individuals, especially men and those with cardiovascular disease. Recent reports suggest an association with use of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a functional receptor for coronaviruses. Higher ACE2 concentrations might lead to increased vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 in patients on RAAS inhibitors. Methods and results We measured ACE2 concentrations in 1485 men and 537 women with heart failure (index cohort). Results were validated in 1123 men and 575 women (validation cohort). The median age was 69 years for men and 75 years for women. The strongest predictor of elevated concentrations of ACE2 in both cohorts was male sex (estimate = 0.26, P < 0.001; and 0.19, P < 0.001, respectively). In the index cohort, use of ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) was not an independent predictor of plasma ACE2. In the validation cohort, ACE inhibitor (estimate = –0.17, P = 0.002) and ARB use (estimate = –0.15, P = 0.03) were independent predictors of lower plasma ACE2, while use of an MRA (estimate = 0.11, P = 0.04) was an independent predictor of higher plasma ACE2 concentrations. Conclusion In two independent cohorts of patients with heart failure, plasma concentrations of ACE2 were higher in men than in women, but use of neither an ACE inhibitor nor an ARB was associated with higher plasma ACE2 concentrations. These data might explain the higher incidence and fatality rate of COVID-19 in men, but do not support previous reports suggesting that ACE inhibitors or ARBs increase the vulnerability for COVID-19 through increased plasma ACE2 concentrations.

scholarly journals Connective Tissue Growth Factor Is Up-Regulated in the Diabetic Retina: Amelioration by Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition

Endocrinology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 860-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Tikellis ◽  
Mark E. Cooper ◽  
Stephen M. Twigg ◽  
Wendy C. Burns ◽  
Mary Tolcos
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Ace Inhibitor ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Retinal Pathology

Abstract Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) has been postulated to have prosclerotic and angiogenic properties. The aim of this present study was to characterize retinal CTGF expression in the absence and presence of diabetes and in the context of treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, perindopril. Retinas were obtained from control, diabetic, and diabetic plus perindopril-treated (3 mg/d) rats. CTGF gene expression was quantitated by RT-PCR and localized by in situ hybridization. CTGF protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting and localized by immunohistochemistry. Diabetes was associated with a greater than 2-fold increase in CTGF mRNA levels, which was attenuated by perindopril treatment. CTGF immunoreactivity was increased almost 2-fold in diabetes and was ameliorated by the ACE inhibitor perindopril. By in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, the major site of CTGF gene expression in the retina of diabetic rats was the ganglion cell layer. Based on the known in vivo effects of CTGF, it is postulated that this growth factor plays a pivotal role in mediating diabetes-associated retinal pathology. Furthermore, the protective effects of ACE inhibitors on retinal pathology may partly be mediated via effects on retinal CTGF expression.

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