scholarly journals INFLUENCE ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES LARGE JOINTS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES UNDER COMBINED ABDOMINO-SKELETAL INJURY

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
V.O. Kryliuk ◽  
S.V. Garian
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
White Male ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Skeletal Trauma ◽  
Circulating Blood Volume ◽  
Reactive Changes

To study the effect of limb reperfusion in a model of combined abdominal-skeletal trauma and massive blood loss on histological changes of the knee joints. The experiment used 40 adult white male Wistar rats weighing 190-220 g, which were on a standard diet of vivarium. The experimental animals who modeled closed abdominal trauma, skeletal trauma, massive external blood loss, and ischemia-reperfusion of the lower extremities. The studies were performed 21 days after trauma modeling. All trauma experiments were performed under thiopental sodium (40 mg·kg-1 mass). The closed femoral bone fracture was modeled by applying a single metered blow to a specially designed thigh device. Closed trauma to the abdominal organs was modeled by applying two metered blows to the abdominal cavity with a specially designed device. Massive external blood loss was modeled by blood flow from 20 to 22 % of circulating blood volume from the femoral vessels on the opposite side of the femur fracture. Lower limb ischemia­reperfusion was simulated by imposing hemostatic plaits on the proximal portions of the lower legs of the test animals for two hours. In the preparations of the tissues of the hip and knee joint tissue reactive changes characteristic of inflammatory processes was found: pronounced changes in the hyaline cartilage of the metepiphyseal plate of the joints, edema of the connective tissue, disruption of the ordered arrangement of the insert plates of the compact part of the bone, significant vascular disorders in the form of arteries, edema of the adventitious sheath of vessels was noted. Thus, it was determined that combined trauma combined with ischemia reperfusion of the lower extremities in the later periods after the traumatic period can cause reactive changes in the large joints of the lower extremities.

scholarly journals The influence of ischemia limb reperfusion on mineralization condition under connected abdomino-skeletal injury and massive treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
V.O. Kryliuk ◽  
S.V. Hariyan
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Skeletal Trauma ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The influence of limb reperfusion in the model of concomitant injury and massive blood loss on the processes of mineralization was studied. The experiment was conducted with 130 adult male Wistar rats weighing 190–220 g, which were on a standard diet of vivarium. All animals were divided into four groups i.e. control and three experimental ones; the control group contained intact animals (10 animals); the first experimental group consisted of animals, which modeled a hip fracture, massive external bleeding and ischemia-reperfusion of the lower extremities (40 animals); the second group were made up of animals that were modeled for skeletal trauma, massive external blood loss, and closed trauma to the abdominal organs (40 animals); the third group consisted of animals that modeled closed abdominal trauma, skeletal trauma, massive external blood loss, and lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion (40 animals). The animals of the experimental groups were removed from the experiment under conditions of thiopental sodium anesthesia by total blood flow from the heart 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after trauma modeling. The bone of the lower extremities was removed for the study. In the bone homogenate, the level of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase was determined and a mineralization index was calculated based on these data. It has been established that limb reperfusion in the model of combined abdominal-skeletal trauma has a potentiating effect on changes of alkaline and acid phosphatase indices, which is manifested by a significant increase in their activity during the 21 days after the traumatic period. Changes in the index of mineralization index among experimental animals indicate a negative impact of ischemia reperfusion on reparative processes in bone tissue, which outlines directions for further research.

scholarly journals Therapeutic effect of thiocetam on the manifestations of ischemia-reperfusion complicated by massive blood loss and mechanical trauma

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 382-393
Author(s):  
Nataliya Volotovska
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
White Male ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Massive Blood Loss ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Positive Effect

Among the current medical and social problems, injuries and blood loss occupy a prominent place, causing stress on the antioxidant defenses. Hypoxia, which underlies the pathogenesis of the post-traumatic period of both diseases, leads to a significant imbalance in the work of internal organs. Scientists are increasingly attracted by the need to use a tourniquet or intraoperative ligatures, as reperfusion local and systemic damage develops. Antioxidants are considered a promising means of correction.The aim of the study was to investigate the features of metabolic disorders in the liver in the early post-traumatic period on the background of the use of a tourniquet and the effectiveness of thiocetam correction.Materials and methods. The experiment was perfomed on 130 white male rats (200-250 g), which were divided into 4 groups: control – the CG, the EG-1 – combination of limb ischemia-reperfusion (IR) with blood loss, the EG-2 – combination of limb IR with blood loss and mechanical trauma of the thigh; the EG-3 combination of limb IR, blood loss, mechanical injury and thiocetam administration. The Malonic dialdehide level catalase activity were estimated in the liver.Results. The use of thiocetam, which is able to struggle against of ischemia and lipid peroxidation by reactivating antiradical enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, had a positive effect on the state of antioxidant and prooxidant units in the organ, located far from the place of primary ischemia-reperfusion. If in the group of untrated animals (the EG-2, where massive blood loss was combined with a thigh fracture and the use of hemostatic tourniquet) in the early period, the MDA level exceeded the CG data in 5,4 times, and on the 7th and 14th days remained high – being higher on 2,1 times and on 2,7 times, then in the EG-3 (group of treated animals) on the 1st day the level of MDA exceeded the CG data in 4,3 times, but on the 7th and 14th days was higher by 90,5 % and 64 % respectively. The supportive effect of thiocetam on the activity of catalase in the liver was also noted. Thus, in EG-2 the level of antioxidant enzyme on the 1st day decreased by 71,7 %, and remained almost at this level throughout the all post-experimental period. As for the group of treated animals, the level of activity on the 1st day after the intervention decreased by 44,7%, and was so for almost the entire period. On the 14th day, it remained reduced compared to the CG by 35,1 %, while in EG-2 this index was lower compared to the CG by 70,5 %.Conclusion. Having the positive effect of the introduction of thiocetam in the ischemic area, we can eventually add new complex, given the world experience, which would affect the development of the inflammatory response and the rheological properties of blood.

scholarly journals The Role of Ozonized Erythrocytic Mass Transfusion in the Restoration of Myocardial Morphological Changes during Blood Loss (Experimental Study)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Boyarinov ◽  
I. S. Simutis ◽  
V. O. Nikolsky ◽  
A. V. Deryugina ◽  
L. V. Boyarinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Circulating Blood Volume ◽  
Ringer’S Solution ◽  
Mass Transfusion ◽  
Wall Specimen ◽  
Thiopental Sodium

Purpose.To evaluate the role of ozonized erythrocytic mass transfusion in the restoration of damages in the architectonics of myocardium microvasculature and cardiomyocytes in case of a severe blood loss.Materials and Methods. Two batches of experiments were conducted, 17 white outbred rats in each. The animals were anesthetized with thiopental sodium (25 mg/kg). Blood loss was caused by taking 3ml of blood from the tail artery of rats, which is 35% of the circulating blood volume. One hour after the blood loss, transfusion of autoerythrocytes with normal saline solution and Ringer’s solution infusion in 1:1 ratio was performed in the control batch. In the experimental batch, 3 ml of autoerythrocytes treated with ozonized saline solution with ozone concentration of 2 mg/l and 3 ml of Ringer’s solution (1:1 ratio) were administered to rats. Erythrocyte mass was prepared from 3 ml of the autoblood harvested from the animals 3 days before the experiment. On a post-transfusion day5, in both batches and in five intact animals, hearts were removed following the intraperitoneal thiopental sodium injection (100 mg/kg). The left ventricle wall specimen from each heart was removed for examination. Histologic sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The preparations were visually examined and morphometric studies were performed using microvisor Vizo-103.Results.It has been established that administration of ozonized erythrocyte for severe blood loss correction limited the decrease in numbers of capillary profiles and their diameters, formation of mixed and hyaline thrombi fully or partially occluding microvascular lumens, major hemorrhages and reduction of variation of nuclear profiles, decreased perivascular, pericellular, perinuclear, and endonuclear edema of myocardial tissue, cardiomyocyte overcontruction zone, and their ruptures.Conclusion.The positive trends for microcirculation indices, vascularization density and myocardial edematization as prognostic markers in assessing potential posthypoxic rehabilitation of damaged tissues upon blood loss correction with ozonized erythrocyte mass might be explained by the antihypoxic, antioxidant, and detoxifying actions of ozone on erythrocytes and/or its metabolites (ozonides) in the body post-transfusion. 

scholarly journals Study of morphological changes in the kidney during modeling of ischemic-reperfusion injuries of the limb and massive blood loss

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
N. V. Volotovska
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Combat Trauma ◽  
Acute Ischemia ◽  
Massive Blood Loss ◽  
Ischemic Reperfusion ◽  
White Rats

The article presents the features of morphological disorders of liver tissue on the background of limb ischemia-reperfusion and massive blood loss. The aim of the work was to establish the presence of structural changes and the severity of morphological disorders of internal organs, remote from the primary place of ischemia-reperfusion during modeling the pathological process. The experiment was performed on 33 adult nonlinear white rats weighing 200-250 g, which were on the standard vivarium diet. Experimental animals were simulated with ischemic-reperfusion syndrome of the lower extremity and massive blood loss. Collection of materials was performed 1 h after intervention or release from the tourniquet and on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days. All interventions were performed under thiopental-sodium anesthesia (40 mg/kg body weight). Mostly structural violations were expressed as disturbance of blood supply of little and middle caliber blood vessels and also in initial dystrophic changes. During comparison of groups, depending on the severity, it was shown that both the isolated use of a tourniquet and massive blood loss had long-term, systemic consequences, however, more expressed in EG-2; single vascular glomeruli were shrunked, endothelial cells of arterioles were slightly damaged. On the 7th and 14th days changes in the structure of EG-1 were mostly absent, although in EG-2 the epitheliocytes of the outer layer of the capsule remained flattened, retained full blood vessels of the venous bed in the interstitium, and the vast majority of epitheliocytes of the excretory tubules were at different stages of hydropic dystrophy with partly desquamation of the epithelium in the gaps of the tubules. Also, the basal membranes of the tubules were not completely visualized, which indicates deep damage in the structures caused by acute ischemia as a result of bleeding. Thus, as combat trauma (blood loss) is in itself a life-threatening factor, the use of a tourniquet due to the development of ischemic-reperfusion process can complicate the course of the primary affection. Knowledge of the periodization of traumatic disease on the background of this pathology is important for the development of sanogenic effects in order to minimize this pathogenic factor.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF BILIGENIC FUNCTION OF LIVER IN RESPONSE TO CRANIO-SKELETAL TRAUMA COMPLICATED BY HAEMORRHAGE

2019 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
T. A. Zaiets ◽  
T. V. Boiko ◽  
S. V. Dzyha ◽  
H. H. Habor
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
White Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Skeletal Trauma ◽  
Skeletal Injury ◽  
Function Change ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Total Bile Acids

The aim of the work. To find out the dynamics of indicators of biligenic function of the liver in response to cranial skeletal trauma associated with haemorrhage. Materials and Methods. Experiments were performed on 54 outbred white male rats, weighing 180–200 g. Animals were divided into three groups: a control one and two experimental. Closed cranio-skeletal injury according to the established technique in our own modification was mo­delled under thiopental-sodium anaesthesia. A single hit on each hip that caused a closed fracture of femoral bones, was performed by means of an individually designed device. The striking force was 0.375 J, which corresponded to a moderate injury. Results and Discussion. It has been first established that the complication of cranio-skeletal trauma with additional blood loss exa­cerbates and accelerates liver dysfunction. The content in bile of total bile acids, cholesterol, the degree of conjugation of bilirubin, the rate of biliary excretion and excretion of the main components of bile, as well as absorption-excretory and glycogen synthesizing functions are impaired already on the first day of the post-traumatic period and in all times of the follow-up period they significantly differ from the similar indices of the injured animals with no blood loss. Conclusions. In the presence of experimental cranio-skeletal trauma, the rates of liver biligenic function change up to a maximum declination in 7 days of post-traumatic period. Additional haemorrhage intensifies the revealed abnormalities: the content of total bile acids and cholesterol in bile, as well as the amount of direct bilirubin and the degree of its conjugation in post-traumatic period are significantly lower during the whole period of observation.

Prevention of massive intraoperative bleedings associated with heparin with the systemic use of fibrin monomer in the experiment

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
А.П. Момот ◽  
В.М. Вдовин ◽  
Д.А. Орехов ◽  
Н.А. Лычёва ◽  
И.Г. Толстокоров ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Unfractionated Heparin ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Fibrinogen Level ◽  
Circulating Blood Volume ◽  
Intraoperative Bleeding ◽  
Fibrin Monomer ◽  
Antithrombin Iii Activity

Цель исследования - изучение способности фибрин-мономера предупреждать тяжелую интраоперационную кровопотерю, ассоциированную с введением нефракционированного гепарина, при дозированной травме печени. Методика. На кроликах «Шиншилла» индуцировали гипокоагуляцию нефракционированным гепарином (150 ед/кг). Профилактику интраоперационных кровотечений осуществляли внутривенным введением фибрин-мономера (0,25 мг/кг) за 1 ч до травмы или протамина сульфата (1,5 мг/кг) за 10 мин до травмы. После нанесения стандартной травмы печени оценивали объем (в % ОЦК) и темп (мг/с) кровопотери. Анализировали число тромбоцитов, активированное парциальное тромбопластиновое время, протромбиновое и тромбиновое время свертывания, уровень фибриногена и активность антитромбина III, параметры ротационной тромбоэластометрии крови. Результаты. Объем кровопотери в группах животных после в/в введения фибрин-мономера и протамина сульфата на фоне гепаринизации был, соответственно, в 5,1 и 4,0 раза меньше по сравнению с группой плацебо, получавшей тот же антикоагулянт. Вместе с тем, фибрин-мономер не влиял на параметры коагулограммы (отсутствие видимого гемостазиологического эффекта) и тромбоэластограммы, тогда как применение протамина сульфата в качестве антидота гепарина сопровождалось нормализацией данных тромбоэластометрии и коррекцией гипокоагуляционного сдвига по активированному парциальному тромбопластиновому времени, протромбиновому и тромбиновому времени. Заключение. Установлено, что фибрин-мономер (0,25 мг/кг) снижает посттравматическое кровотечение в условиях блокады свертывания крови гепарином без видимых признаков восстановления гемостатического равновесия. The research objective was to study the ability of fibrin monomer to prevent severe intraoperative blood loss associated with administration of unfractionated heparin in controlled liver injury. Methods. Hypocoagulation was induced in chinchilla rabbits with unfractionated heparin (150 U/kg). Intraoperative bleeding was prevented by administration of fibrin monomer (FM, 0.25 mg/kg, i.v.) one hour prior to the injury and of protamine sulfate (PS, 1.5 mg/kg, i.v.) 10 min prior to the injury. Following the liver injury, blood loss was assessed as percentage of circulating blood volume and the blood loss rate (mg/s). Platelet counts, aPTT, PT, TT, fibrinogen level, antithrombin III activity, and parameters of blood rotation thromboelastometry were analyzed. Results. The volume of blood loss was 5.1 times and 4.0 times less, respectively, after the FM and PS administration during heparinization compared to the placebo group treated with the same anticoagulant. However, FM affected neither coagulogram indexes (no visible hemostasiological effect) nor thromboelastogram while the use of PS as an antidote for heparin was associated with normalization of thromboelastometric data and correction of hypercoagulative changes in aPTT, PT, TT. Conclusion. FM at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg reduced severity of posttraumatic bleeding induced by heparin inhibition of coagulation with no visible signs of hemostatic balance recovery.

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Anggur Laut terhadap Penurunan Kadar Kolesterol LDL Rattus norvegicus Jantan yang Mendapat Diet Tinggi Lemak

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
RONALDO LAU ◽  
SULISTIANA PRABOWO ◽  
RIAMI RIAMI
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
White Male ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Caulerpa Racemosa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

<p align="justify"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><strong></strong></p><p align="justify"><strong>Background</strong>: High fat diet increase the absorption of lipid in the intestinum, that can lead to increase LDL cholesterol level in the blood. Sea grapes extract (<em>Caulerpa racemosa</em>) contains antioxidant polyphenolic group that can reduce MTP and ACAT-2 in the body that can decrease LDL cholesterol level in the blood.The purpose of this study is to know the effect of sea grapes extract  on decreasing LDL cholesterol of white male Wistar rats (<em>Rattus norvegicus</em>) fed with high fat diet.</p><p align="justify"><strong>Method</strong>:  24 white male Wistar rats, that divided into 3 groups: 1) group of rats fed with standard diet for 28 days; 2) group of rats fed with high fat diet for 28 days; 3) group of rats fed with high fat diet for 28 days and given 10 gram/kg body weight/day of sea grapes extract on 15<sup>th</sup>-28<sup>th</sup> days. Then the blood LDL cholesterol level measured on the 29<sup>th</sup> day.</p><p align="justify"><strong>Result :</strong> One-Way ANOVA Test showed there was significant difference (p=0.004) of LDL level between the group of rats fed with standard diet (12.37 mg/dl) compared to group of rats fed with high fat diet (17.87 mg/dl). There was significant difference (p=0.001) of LDL level between the group of rats fed with high fat diet (17.87 mg/dl) compared to group of rats fed with high fat diet and sea grapes extract (10.12 mg/dl).</p><p align="justify"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>high fat diet significantly increase blood LDL cholesterol level and sea grapes extract (<em>Caulerpa racemosa</em>) significantly decrease blood LDL cholesterol level.</p><p align="justify"> </p><p align="justify"><strong>Keywords :</strong>Sea grapes extract, LDL cholesterol, high fat diet</p>

scholarly journals Tanshinone IIA combined with CsA inhibit myocardial cell apoptosis induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in obese rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
He Tai ◽  
Xiao-lin Jiang ◽  
Zhi-ming Lan ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Liang Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Myocardial Cell ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
Tanshinone Iia ◽  
Obese Rats

Abstract Background Acute myocardial injury (AMI), which is induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR), is a significant cause of acute kidney injury (AKI)-related associated death. Obesity increases the severity and frequency of AMI and AKI. Tanshinone IIA (TIIA) combined with cyclosporine A (CsA) pretreatment was used to alleviate myocardial cell apoptosis induced by renal IR, and to determine whether TIIA combined with CsA would attenuate myocardial cell apoptosis by modulating mitochondrial function through the PI3K/Akt/Bad pathway in obese rats. Methods Male rates were fed a high fat diet for 8 weeks to generate obesity. AKI was induced by 30 min of kidney ischemia followed 24 h of reperfusion. Obese rats were given TIIA (10 mg/kg·d) for 2 weeks and CsA (5 mg/kg) 30 min before renal IR. After 24 h of reperfusion, the rats were anaesthetized, the blood were fetched from the abdominal aorta and kidney were fetched from abdominal cavity, then related indicators were examined. Results TIIA combined with CsA can alleviate the pathohistological injury and apoptosis induced by renal IR in myocardial cells. TIIA combined with CsA improved cardiac function after renal ischemia (30 min)-reperfusion (24 h) in obese rats. At the same time, TIIA combined with CsA improved mitochondrial function. Abnormal function of mitochondria was supported by decreases in respiration controlling rate (RCR), intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), oxygen consumption rate, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and increases in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), mitochondrial DNA damage, and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex enzymes. The injury of mitochondrial dynamic function was assessed by decrease in dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), and increases in mitofusin1/2 (Mfn1/2), and mitochondrial biogenesis injury was assessed by decreases in PPARγ coactivator-1-α (PGC-1), nucleo respiratory factor1 (Nrf1), and transcription factor A of mitochondrial (TFam). Conclusion We used isolated mitochondria from rat myocardial tissues to demonstrate that myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction occurred along with renal IR to induce myocardial cell apoptosis; obesity aggravated apoptosis. TIIA combined with CsA attenuated myocardial cell apoptosis by modulating mitochondrial function through the PI3K/Akt/Bad pathway in obese rats.

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