scholarly journals Diagnóstico del estado de deterioro de un techo tipo reticular de concreto armado mediante técnicas no destructivas y semi-destructivas

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Rolando Martínez-Barrita ◽  
Herwing López-Calvo ◽  
Heidy Gómez-Barranco ◽  
Alberto Muciño-Vélez
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Reinforcing Steel ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Historic Center ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Electrochemical Testing ◽  
Hollow Block ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Corrosion State

In the present article, an investigation carried out to diagnose the state of deterioration of a reticular type slab, located in the Historic Center of Oaxaca city Mexico, using non-destructive (TND) and semi-destructive (TSD) techniques, is described. The roof was built with an unconventional structural system, which consisted of the use of reticular beams, missing hollow block cases and a compression slab. During the visual inspection, various signs of deterioration in the structure were observed, such as: leaks, salt leaching, shedding of the rebar cover and corrosion of the reinforcing steel. Accordingly, the TND and TSD selected to perform the diagnosis of the state of deterioration of the structure were the following: estimation of the compressive strength (f´c), by means of sclerometry test and compression test in concrete cores, determination of the effects of salts leaching on the pH of the concrete, estimation of the amount and location of the reinforcing steel with a digital pacometer and estimation of the corrosion state in selected rebars by electrochemical testing. The results obtained revealed the feasibility of using NDT and SDT to reliably diagnose the state of deterioration of a reticular slab of reinforced concrete in a non-invasive manner.

scholarly journals Portable XRF: A Tool for the Study of Corundum Gems

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Germana Barone ◽  
Paolo Mazzoleni ◽  
Danilo Bersani ◽  
Simona Raneri
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Portable Xrf ◽  
Correct Evaluation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Heritage Studies ◽  
Origin Determination ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Xrf Spectroscopy ◽  
Destructive Methods

AbstractOrigin of gemstones is a key aspect not only in gemological field but also in Cultural Heritage studies, for the correct evaluation of precious artifacts. The studies on gems require the application of non-invasive and non-destructive methods; among them, portable spectroscopic techniques has been demonstrated as powerful tools, providing a fingerprint of gems for origin and provenance determination. In this study, portable XRF spectroscopy has been applied to test the potential of the technique for the origin determination of corundum gems. The obtained results allowed distinguishing natural and synthetic rubies and sapphires.

INFLUENCE OF CONCRETE COMPOSITION ON THE CORROSIVE STATE OF THE STEEL ARMATURES AND DURABILITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Petro Koval ◽  
Vladimir Zelenovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
The State ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Reinforcing Steel ◽  
Concrete Composition ◽  
Corrosion State

The influence of the composition of the concrete mixture on the state of reinforcing steel as the main problem of corrosion of reinforced concrete structures is considered. The main attention is paid to the need for individual and mandatory consideration of the influence of the properties of additives to concrete on the passivation of reinforcing steel. The purpose of conducting studies to determine the effect of concrete composition on the state of reinforcing steel is to analyze the causes of corrosion of reinforcement, determine the influence of the environment, apply appropriate prevention of this phenomenon and use methods to determine the corrosion state at the design stage of building structures for which reinforced concrete is used. The composition of concrete, in addition to the standard set in various quantitative combinations (cement, gravel, sand, water) today it is advisable to use special additives. Due to their correct and proportional application, you can create a mixture with significantly improved characteristics: with increased frost resistance, strength, durability, with accelerated or delayed setting of the mixture, etc. Nevertheless, you should not forget that the individuality of the composition of additives could affect the ability of concrete to passivate reinforcing steel. It is possible to eliminate the possibility of reducing the passivation of concrete by testing reinforced concrete samples for its protective properties in relation to the reinforcement. The test method is based on the passivation of reinforcing steel in an alkaline environment and consists in evaluating the protective effect of a sample of concrete in relation to a sample of steel reinforcement by comparing data obtained with a change in potential depending on changes in the density of electric current passing through the sample. The issue of quality and durability of reinforced concrete structures, both technically and economically, is attracting increasing attention of builders. It is obvious that in most cases an increase in the initial cost of manufacturing the structure and its reliable protection is economically justified, if this allows reducing the number and cost of repairs during operation. Keywords: reinforcement, corrosion, concrete, reinforced concrete, concrete additive, concrete composition, corrosion state of reinforcement, durability of reinforced concrete structures.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Monitoring of Ethanol and Methanol Levels in Grape-Derived Pisco Distillate by Vibrational Spectroscopy

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6278
Author(s):  
Ahmed Menevseoglu ◽  
Didem P. Aykas ◽  
Beatriz Hatta-Sakoda ◽  
Victor Hugo Toledo-Herrera ◽  
Luis E. Rodriguez-Saona
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Excitation Laser ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Online Stores ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Handheld Raman and portable FT-IR spectroscopy devices were evaluated for fast and non-invasive determination of methanol and ethanol levels in Peruvian Pisco. Commercial Peruvian Pisco (n = 171) samples were kindly provided by the UNALM Alliance for Research in Alcohol and its Derivatives (Lima, Peru) and supplemented by purchases at grocery and online stores. Pisco spectra were collected on handheld Raman spectrometers equipped with either a 1064 nm or a 785 nm excitation laser and a portable infrared unit operating in transmission mode. The alcohol levels were determined by GC–MS. Calibration models used partial least-squares regression (PLSR) to develop prediction algorithms. GC–MS data revealed that 10% of Pisco samples had ethanol levels lower than 38%, indicating possible water dilution. Methanol levels ranged from 10 to 130 mg/100 mL, well below the maximum levels allowed for fruit brandies. Handheld Raman equipped with a 1064 nm excitation laser gave the best results for determining ethanol (SEP = 1.2%; RPre = 0.95) and methanol (SEP = 1.8 mg/100 mL; RPre = 0.93). Randomly selected Pisco samples were spiked with methanol (75 to 2800 mg/100 mL), and their Raman spectra were collected through their genuine commercial bottles. The prediction models gave an excellent performance (SEP = 98 mg/100 mL; RPre = 0.97), allowing for the non-destructive and non-contact determination of methanol and ethanol concentrations without opening the bottles.

scholarly journals Raman Spectroscopy Enables Non-Invasive Identification of Mycotoxins p. Fusarium of Winter Wheat Seeds

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Maksim N. Moskovskiy ◽  
Aleksey V. Sibirev ◽  
Anatoly A. Gulyaev ◽  
Stanislav A. Gerasimenko ◽  
Sergey I. Borzenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Visual Identification ◽  
Seed Analysis ◽  
Spectroscopic Signatures ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Identification of specific mycotoxins p. Fusarium contained in infected winter wheat seeds can be achieved by visually recognizing their distinctive phenotypic species. The visual identification (ID) of species is subjective and usually requires significant taxonomic knowledge. Methods for the determination of various types of mycotoxins of the p. Fusarium are laborious and require the use of chemical invasive research methods. In this research, we investigate the possibility of using Raman spectroscopy (RS) as a tag-free, non-invasive and non-destructive analytical method for the rapid and accurate identification of p. Fusarium. Varieties of the r. Fusarium can produce mycotoxins that directly affect the DNA, RNA and chemical structure of infected seeds. Analysis of spectra by RS methods and chemometric analysis allows the identification of healthy, infected and contaminated seeds of winter wheat with varieties of mycotoxins p. Fusarium. Raman seed analysis provides accurate identification of p. Fusarium in 96% of samples. In addition, we present data on the identification of carbohydrates, proteins, fiber and other nutrients contaminated with p. Fusarium seeds obtained using spectroscopic signatures. These results demonstrate that RS enables rapid, accurate and non-invasive screening of seed phytosanitary status.

scholarly journals Combined use of 3D metric surveys and non-invasive geophysical surveys for the determination of the state of conservation of the Stylite Tower (Umm ar-Rasas, Jordan).

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (Vol 61 (2018)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilena Cozzolino ◽  
Roberto Gabrielli ◽  
Pasquale Galata' ◽  
Vincenzo Gentile ◽  
Giorgia Greco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Geophysical Surveys

scholarly journals The influence of the optical properties on the determination of capillary diameters

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Späth ◽  
Maximilian Rohde ◽  
Dongqin Ni ◽  
Ferdinand Knieling ◽  
Florian Stelzle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Absolute Quantification ◽  
The State ◽  
Capillary Diameter ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
All Optical ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Imaging

AbstractVarious clinically applicable scores and indices are available to help identify the state of a microcirculatory disorder in a patient. Several of these methods, however, leave room for interpretation and only provide clues for diagnosis. Thus, a measurement method that allows a reliable detection of impending or manifest circulatory malfunctions would be of great value. In this context, the optical and non-invasive method of shifted position-diffuse reflectance imaging (SP-DRI) was developed. It allows to determine the capillary diameter and thus to assess the state of the microcirculation. The aim of the present study is to investigate how the quantification of capillary diameters by SP-DRI behaves in different individuals, i.e. for a wide range of optical properties. For this, within Monte-Carlo simulations all optical properties (seven skin layers, hemoglobin) were randomly varied following a Gaussian distribution. An important finding from the present investigation is that SP-DRI works when the optical properties are chosen randomly. Furthermore, it is shown that appropriate data analysis allows calibration-free absolute quantification of the capillary diameter across individuals using SP-DRI. This underpins the potential of SP-DRI to serve as an early alert system for the onset of microcirculatory associated diseases.

scholarly journals Synchrotron X-ray Microprobes: An Application on Ancient Ceramics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8052
Author(s):  
Alessandra Gianoncelli ◽  
George Kourousias ◽  
Sebastian Schöder ◽  
Antonella Santostefano ◽  
Maëva L’Héronde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Ancient Ceramics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Non Destructive

Synchrotron X-ray µ- and nano-probes are increasingly affirming their relevance in cultural heritage applications, especially in material characterization of tiny and complex micro-samples which are typical from archaeological and artistic artifacts. For such purposes, synchrotron radiation facilities are tailoring and optimizing beamlines and set-ups for CH, taking also advantages from the challenges offered by the third-generation radiation sources. In ancient ceramics studies, relevant information for the identification of production centers and manufacture technology can be obtained in a non-invasive and non-destructive way at the micro-sample level by combining different SR based methods. However, the selection of appropriate beamlines, techniques and set-ups are critical for the success of the experiments. Fine and varnished wares (e.g., Attic and western-Greek colonial products) are an excellent case study for exploring challenges offered by synchrotron X-ray microprobes optimized to collect microchemical and phase-distribution maps. The determination of provenance and/or technological tracers is relevant in correctly classifying productions, often based only on ceramic paste, gloss macroscopic features or style. In addition, when these vessels are preserved in Museums as masterpieces or intact pieces the application of non-invasive approach at the micro sample is strictly required. Well-designed synchrotron µXRF and µXANES mapping experiments are able providing relevant clues for discriminating workshops and exploring technological aspects, which are fundamental in answering the current archaeological questions on varnished Greek or western-Greek colonial products.

EDXRF Spectrometry and Complementary Non-Destructive Analytical Techniques in the Archaeometric Study of Copper Artefacts

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 776-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos S. Katsifas ◽  
George A. Zachariadis
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
In Situ Analysis ◽  
Related Case ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Portable Instruments ◽  
Non Destructive

Background: For more than a decade, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry is the primary analytical technique in archaeometric research and especially in the study of ancient copper artefacts. EDXRF has established itself as the fundamental archaeometric analytical technique because of features like: the ability to analyze samples in a non destructive or non invasive way, no requirements for sample preparation, portability, in situ analysis, simultaneous determination of many elements and finally its easy in use. At the same time there is an explosion of related research publications which provide new possibilities to museums and archaeology scientists. On the other hand, due to its limitations it cannot provide information for every analytical question. Objective: The goal of this article is to present an overview of the capabilities of the contemporary EDXRF spectrometry for the study of ancient copper artifacts and the necessity to be implemented, depending on the analytical question, in correlation with complementary analytical techniques which are presented through related case studies. Conclusion: The demand for studying artefacts in situ, the evolution of the instrumentation and the access of more scientists (historians, archaeologists, curators etc.) to archaeometry will maintain EDXRF spectrometry as the central analytical technique. Limitations like inability for light elements detection, penetration depth, low (relatively) sensitivity can be partially overcome with the implementation of other analytical techniques which will provide complementary information. Moreover, progress in non-invasive analysis and new portable instruments combining elemental and molecular techniques expand significantly the capabilities of in situ analysis.

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