Diseño de un sistema perfilador de bajo costo y efectivo para la determinación de rugosidad en vías terrestres asfaltadas

The constant transit of trucks with large loads or too heavy vehicles circulating on the roadways of the national territory, causes premature deterioration of the asphalted freeways and roads, which keep country connected. All of this, in addition to the damage caused by the climatic conditions of the area or region where such communication roads are built. This work is focused on the design and construction a system capable of calculating and estimating the deterioration suffered on a road, avenue, street or road that are built with asphalted surfaces, which require periodic maintenance and occasionally their physical condition needs to be known in a quantitative manner. This equipment makes the measurements by means of a sensor that measures the flight time of the light (laser), as a mobile moves at constant speed on the study surface, opposite to the estimation with commercial equipments that require a mechanical or physical measurement by using the technique of half-car attached to a vehicle or the expensive optics profilers. The contribution of this project consists in the design of the electronic stage for data acquisition and the use of an economical but effective optical sensor, which is employed to calculate the roughness index with great precision, without the need for a mechanical device that has physical contact on the surface. With the methodology involving the equations of design, form of operation and validation.

Elaboración de bloques de construcción a partir de residuos de arena sílica proveniente del proceso de fundición aluminio en una empresa automotriz

The objective of the project was to develop a procedure for the construction of building blocks with silica sand residues, from an aluminum smelting process of an automotive spinning company. The blocks obtained were evaluated in accordance with NMX-C-404-1997-ONNCCE standards for the design and formulations of the block, and NMX-C-036-ONNCCE for tests and compression calculations. Initially these arenas are used for the elaboration of the molds of the mechanical parts that are manufactured in the company, however, once the utility of these arenas for molding is fulfilled, they are sent to final disposal sites. For the elaboration of the blocks, the physical characteristics and chemical properties of the silica sand were initially determined (grain size, pH, structure, grain shape, humidity, specific gravity, bulk and bulk density). The mold was then designed and two formulations based on the residues of silica sand, cement, water and lime were tested. The product quality assessment included tests for drying, moisture absorption, design resistance to compression. Finally, the manufacturing costs were compared with the costs of existing commercial blocks in the market.

Diseño de JIGS para el Area de Pintura mediante Solidworks®

Drawing is a language or half of Communication that allows you to make known ideas or messages by using images, figures or symbols; for this reason, it is also called graphic representation. Today, computers have greatly simplified the way we design and manufacture parts or mechanical components. The term Computer Aided design (CAD) refers to a set of technologies based on the use of computers to create, analyse, and optimize the design in the field of engineering. CAD programs provide a graphical user interface (GUI) that allows the user to enter and manipulate geometric objects in 2 and 3 dimensions, create engineering drawings, do basic analysis as the calculation of Mass properties, as well as visualizing and manipulating individual components or assemblies that represent mechanisms or machinery that are increasingly complex. The development of CAD systems in the last 50 years has been parallel to computer technology (Jensen, 2004), and we find various applications in all fields of science, the automotive industry and aerospace its main Propellers. The present work It deals with the use of Solidworks ® for the elaboration of JIGS (frames) for different automotive plastic components that will have to move to the painting area and then to a baking process, without these deforming.

Determinación de las propiedades térmicas de un mortero modificado con sargazo como material alternativo en construcción

In the present work we analyze the properties of a mortar with the addition of treated sargassum algae, replacing the stone aggregate in percentages of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% in order to reduce the thermal conductivity of the coating and the thermal load of the interior of the buildings, thus reducing energy consumption and implementing sustainable materials to the construction industry. For the purposes of this investigation, a characterization of the components of the mortar was carried out, the stone aggregate and the sargassum treated for its use as an aggregate. Samples were prepared for each percentage and compression resistance tests were performed at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days to analyze the behavior of the mortar during the hardening process. Adhesion tests were performed to determine if the mixtures are efficient for use as a coating. Subsequently, the thermal transfer was evaluated by conduction and convection. The material showed hydrophilic characteristics, therefore, the analysis of the mechanical properties showed as bigger substitution of sargassum, low is the resistance, limiting the efficient percentages to 5 and 10% for its use.

Estudio sistemático de las propiedades mecánicas de las micropartículas de magnetita embebidas en una matriz de concreto polimérico

In this paper, we present the synthesis and characterization of magnetic polymeric concrete with microparticles of magnetite embedded in a polymeric concrete matrix. Including the systematic study of the mechanic properties varying the concentration of concrete and magnetite microparticles like the reinforcement of the polymeric matrix. This sampling has been made varying the concentration of the reactive in the process of synthesis to analyze by a detailed way the change of physic properties. This characterization has been made by tension and compression tests, such as the optic microscopic, scanning electronics and XRD. The obtained results contribute to the systematic control of the physics properties about the polymeric magnetic sintered with microparticles of magnetite (Fe3O4) and microparticles of concrete. According to the minimum concentration of oleophilic substances, the mechanic the behavior of the probes is stiffer (plastic). Instead when there has a high concentration of oleophilic substance the behavior is more elastic (elastomer) because the probe presents more displacement. The behavior plastic-elastic is presented in a medium concentration of oleophilic substance.

Elaboración de ladrillos con merma de una empresa que fabrica espumas reticuladas

A proposal was developed to make bricks based on ground shrinkage of a company that is dedicated to the manufacture of cross-linked foams, the process consisted of first establishing the dimensions according to what is currently in the market, a reference target was determined with concentrations similar to an artisanal brick, immediately replacing the white concentrations for test A were 40% of tepojal, 30% of cement, 20% of sand and 10% of shrinkage and test B of 45% of Tepojal, 35% sand, 20% depletion, to evaluate the technical feasibility in the elaboration of the specifications of NMX-C-441-ONNCCE, such as compressive strength, water absorption and dimensions, as well as The density of the elaborated bricks, which was obtained as a result of that of test B is very viable for non-structural use, that is to say dividing walls, since it supports a load of 1000 kg, they are efficient to place them at weathering since the percentage of water absorption is 4%, as well as the economic feasibility, with a cost of $ 13.1.

Empleo de microdrones para la reconstrucción tridimensional del terreno

This document proposes an image processing scheme that allows the construction of a digital terrain model using technologically affordable elements: a personal computer and a low-budget micro UAV. Another important issue of this proposal is that the construction of the model does not require georeferenced information or sophisticated sensors, since the whole process is based on the processing of digital images taken with a monocular camera embedded in the microdron. The digital terrain model, in addition to being built incrementally (at the same time the area is overflight), is of good accuracy, with estimation errors of less than 4%, so the model could be used for trajectory planning and autonomous navigation of the micro UAV. The purpose of this work is to provide to a large number of users, both private and academic, a robust and affordable tool for the development of new applications based on the use of UAV.

Efecto de la adición de materiales compuestos de estireno-butadieno/plumas de pollo en la modificación de asfaltos

Asphalt is an important material for road construction and other applications. That is why it is done the search for materials that in combination with the asphalt generate a product of better quality, lower environmental impacts and low costs, thus allowing to be reflected greater resistance of the asphalt to the extreme climatic conditions and traffic. To cover these different needs, asphalts with a better performance must be counted, having to modify their chemical, physical and rheological properties, in order to improve their behavior to the shearing, deformation, fatigue, ageing, elasticity, etc. In this work, studied the effect of adding composite materials with polymer of the type SBS lineal (Styrene-butadiene-styrene) and the feather of chicken, taking concentrations of 1, 3 and 5 PHR (parts per hundred of rubber) in ratios of 2, 4 and 6% in relation to the weight of asphalt. Techniques were applied to characterize such as dynamic viscosity, softening point, phase separation characterization, penetration index and fluorescent microscopy. As a result, using a polymer of the linear SBS type incorporating keratin from the chicken plume as reinforcement for the asphalt does not present interesting results for application areas such as where high fluidity is required.

Diseño de interfaz gráfica basada en Big Data para cálculo de sistemas de tubería de Clase III

The current requirements of the industry present challenges that must faced daily in the different productive sectors. The use of the cutting-edge technology and the efficient handling of large volumes of information allow the development of new computational tools that improve accuracy and optimize calculation’s times in pipe design. In this work the application is presented of the Piping Systems Analysis Program (PSAP), same that was developed as a graphical interface in the computer language MATLAB®; this computational application determines the size of the commercial pipe based on the pressure difference, elevation, water temperature and volume flow as critical design parameters. The algorithm of solution uses skills of Big Data for the precise handling of large volumes of information, getting accurate results at reduced times without compromising the reliability of pipe systems; this way optimizes the design process compared to traditional analytical methods.

Análisis de la soldadura aplicada en el ZSB Trager VW SUV Tiguan (soporte zsb)

Welding is an important process because it provides a permanent bond and the welded parts become a single unit. When joining two metals a joint (welded joint) is created where they will have certain characteristics, as well as if it is not the application of the correct form possibly discontinuities will remain. In any welding process, defects may occur, the main thing is to ensure that the penetration depth of the weld is correct and the accuracy of the performance of the functions to be performed. A company from Aguascalientes dedicated to the manufacture of die-cut, machined and welded parts has requested that an analysis to the welding applied to a piece that has sectioned it into 8 parts which contain the welding points required to form the structure of an armrest support. The study was carried out by means of a macro metallography where the main characteristic that was requested was exposed and that is the depth of the weld. The results reflect that the welding process is very dispersed and requires control of its parameters. 62% of the measured data complies with what is specified in VW 01106-1 edition 2015 - 04 with a minimum depth of 1.0 mm. The detail of this data can be reviewed within this report