Outlier Vietnam and the Problem of Embeddedness: Contributions to the Political Economy of Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan London
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
National Priority ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Political Commitments

Recent literature on the political economy of education highlights the role of political settlements, political commitments, and features of public governance in shaping education systems’ development and performance around learning. Vietnam’s experiences provide fertile ground for the critique and further development of this literature including, especially, its efforts to understand how features of accountability relations shape education systems’ performance across time and place. Globally, Vietnam is a contemporary outlier in education, having achieved rapid gains in enrolment and strong learning outcomes at relatively low levels of income. This paper proposes that beyond such felicitous conditions as economic growth and social historical and cultural elements that valorize education, Vietnam’s distinctive combination of Leninist political commitments to education and high levels of societal engagement in the education system often works to enhance accountability within the system in ways that contribute to the system’s coherence around learning; reflecting the sense and reality that Vietnam is a country in which education is a first national priority. Importantly, these alleged elements exist alongside other features that significantly undermine the system’s coherence and performance around learning. These include, among others, the system’s incoherent patterns of decentralization, the commercialization and commodification of schooling and learning, and corresponding patterns of systemic inequality. Taken together, these features of education in Vietnam underscore how the coherence of accountability relations that shape learning outcomes are contingent on the manner in which national and local systems are embedded within their broader social environments while also raising intriguing ideas for efforts to understand the conditions under which education systems’ performance with respect to learning can be promoted, supported, and sustained.

Political economy of Malawi: contextual leadership in expanding entrepreneurial businesses

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caren Scheepers ◽  
Lyal White ◽  
Adrian Kitimbo
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
South African ◽  
Business Administration ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
The Political ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Political Economy Analysis ◽  
International Donors

Subject area Leadership; Political Economy; Strategy; Entrepreneurship. Study level/applicability Masters in Business Administration (MBA); MPhil in Strategic Leadership. Case overview On 5 February 2016, South African entrepreneur Jannie Van Eeden faced a dilemma about whether to expand his current businesses or not. He had to choose between focusing exclusively on hospitality and tourism or dividing his time and resources between the tourism business and expanding his existing logistics business. Expansions to his logistics business would entail investing in a warehouse and supplying fresh produce to the lodges in the wider area of Lake Malawi where he was based. Van Eeden realised that he needed to take into account the political economy of Malawi in unpacking the contextual variables related to his decision. Various stakeholders’ roles are illustrated in the case, for example the government’s role in enabling entrepreneurial businesses as well as the investments made by foreign organisations and international donors. Expected learning outcomes Development of leaders who can take contextually intelligent decisions. Insights into conducting Political Economy analysis to enable doing business in Africa. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 7: Management Science.

Do Leadership Commitment and Performance-Oriented Culture Matter for Federal Teleworker Satisfaction With Telework Programs?

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-55
Author(s):  
Myungjung Kwon ◽  
So Hee Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
The Political ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Federal Employees ◽  
Federal Employee ◽  
Remote Workers ◽  
Family And Work ◽  
And Performance

A substantial number of federal employees have been teleworking due to its perceived benefits—time and location flexibility and better balance between family and work. Yet, managing teleworkers in public organizations can be challenging due to the added expenses associated with monitoring remote workers. Also, the unforeseen drawbacks of remote work may decrease teleworker satisfaction with telework programs. Drawing on insights from the political economy of hierarchy and institution theories, this study examines whether leadership commitment to telework and performance-oriented culture matter for federal teleworker satisfaction with telework programs. It examines two-year datasets of the 2008 and 2015 Federal Employee Viewpoint Surveys. The findings show that leadership commitment to telework, performance-oriented culture, and the enactment of the 2010 Telework Enhancement Act all play significant roles in enhancing federal teleworker satisfaction with telework programs.

scholarly journals Integration of social cues and individual experiences during instrumental avoidance learning

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Pärnamets ◽  
Andreas Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Social Partner ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Choice Option ◽  
Reinforcement Learning Model

Learning to avoid harmful consequences can be a costly trial-and-error process. In such situations, social information can be leveraged to improve individual learning outcomes. Here, we investigated how participants used their own experiences and others' social cues to avoid harm. Participants made repeated choices between harmful and safe options, each with different probabilities of generating shocks, while also seeing the image of a social partner. Some partners made predictive gaze cues towards the harmful choice option while others cued an option at random, and did so using neutral or fearful facial expressions. We tested how learned social information about partner reliability transferred across contexts by letting participants encounter the same partner in multiple trial blocks while facing novel choice options. Participants' decisions were best explained by a reinforcement learning model that independently learned the probabilities of options being safe and of partners being reliable and combined these combined these estimates to generate choices. Advice from partners making a fearful facial expression influenced participants' decisions more than advice from partners with neutral expressions. Our results showed that participants made better decisions when facing predictive partners and that they cached and transferred partner reliability estimates into new blocks. Using simulations we show that participants' transfer of social information into novel contexts is better adapted to variable social environments where social partners may change their cuing strategy or become untrustworthy. Finally, we found no relation between autism questionnaire scores and performance in our task, but do find autism trait related differences in learning rate parameters.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Kancing Gemerincing dan Motivasi Belajar terhadap Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa pada Mata Kuliah Ekonomi Politik di Program Studi Pendidikan Ekonomi Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Batanghari Jambi

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Diliza Afrila
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Model Type

This study aims to determine (1) Student learning outcomes in the Political Economy course taught using cooperative learning model type Kancing Gemerincing are higher than students taught using conventional learning models in the Economic Education Study Program, (2) Student learning outcomes in the Political Economy course who has high learning motivation which is taught by using the cooperative learning model type Kancing Gemerincing is higher than students who have high learning motivation who are taught using conventional learning models in the Economic Education Study Program, (3) Student learning outcomes in the Political Economy courses who have low learning motivation who are taught using the cooperative learning model type Kancing Gemerincing are higher than students who have low learning motivation who are taught using conventional learning models in the Education Study Program Economics, and (4) the interaction between cooperative learning model type Kancing Gemerincing and learning motivation towards student learning outcomes in the Political Economy course in the Economic Education Study Program. This type of research is a quasi experiment. The study population was 27 students of the Economic Education Study Program Semester VI / A1 and VI / A2 Academic Year 2019/2020. The sampling technique was purposive sampling (purposive sampling). The results showed that (1) Student learning outcomes in the Political Economy course taught by using the cooperative learning model type Kancing Gemerincing were higher than those taught using conventional learning models. This is indicated by the t value of 2.159 and the probability value of 0.041. So that the probability value of 0.041 < 0.05 then H0 is rejected, (2) Student learning outcomes in the Political Economy course who have high learning motivation who are taught using the cooperative learning model type Kancing Gemerincing are higher than students who have high learning motivation being taught with conventional learning models. This is indicated by the t value of 7.260 and the probability value of 0.001. Thus, the probability value of 0.001 < 0.05 then H0 is rejected, (3) The learning outcomes of students in the Political Economy course who have low learning motivation who are taught using cooperative learning model type Kancing Gemerincing are higher than students who have low learning motivation which taught by conventional learning models. This is indicated by the t value of 1.532 and the probability value of 0.006. Thus, the probability value of 0.006 < 0.05 then H0 is rejected, and (4) There is no interaction between the cooperative learning model type Kancing Gemerincing and learning motivation on student learning outcomes in the Political Economy course. This is indicated by the Sig level of 0.205. This means that the value of Sig is greater than the value of α = 0.05 (sig α), so the null hypothesis (Ho) is accepted.

scholarly journals Review of the political economy of transition: Can experience be transitologized?

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Kosta Josifidis
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Crucial Question ◽  
Political Constraints ◽  
Economics Of Transition ◽  
And Performance

In this paper we have been analyzed crucial question concerning the existence o economics of transition. Framework was determined and centered on strategies, sequenciality, political constraints, prospective and performance, as well as initial conditions, as a essential of political economy of transition.

The Political Economy of Water Markets

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin Garrick ◽  
Jesper Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Community Roles ◽  
Governance Institutions ◽  
And Performance

This chapter examines the political economy of water markets. It traces key debates about water markets, and examines how and why these debates have evolved since the 1970s. Experiments with water markets over the past 40 years have generated lessons about the politics, institutional design and performance of reforms to water rights and river basin governance institutions. Drawing on contrasting experiences with water markets in Australia, the US and China, the analysis demonstrates that strong government and community roles are necessary for water markets to respond effectively and equitably to water scarcity.

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