scholarly journals Extension of the method for identifying crystals in the composition of wine sediment

2021 ◽  
pp. 265-269
Author(s):  
Н.В. Гниломедова ◽  
М.В. Ермихина
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Sulfate Anion ◽  
Extended Technique ◽  
Inorganic Acids ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Technological Processing ◽  
Hydrochloric And Sulfuric Acids

Одной из функций технохимического контроля в виноделии является обеспечение разливостойкости готовой продукции. Для этого необходима система методов и тестов, позволяющих оценить склонность вин к помутнениям физико-химического характера, также установить причины появления осадков, образующихся в случае недостаточной технологической обработки вин или при нарушениях условий их хранения. В случае кристаллического осадка общепринятым методом идентификации калиевой или кальциевой природы виннокислой соли является воздействие 10 %-ными растворами соляной и серной кислот. Указанные кислоты в более высокой концентрации являются прекурсорами, применение которых строго регламентируется на законодательном уровне. Целью данной работы являлось обоснование возможности применения общедоступных реактивов при анализе кристаллического осадка вин. Объектами исследований являлись растворы неорганических кислот и сульфата натрия в качестве источника сульфат-аниона, кристаллический осадок вин, а также промышленные препараты битартрата калия и тартрата кальция. Показано, что эффективной заменой соляной и серной кислот для растворения кристаллов является азотная кислота. Предложен новый реагент для идентификации калиевой и кальциевой природы осадка, представляющий водный раствор азотной кислоты (10 %) и сульфата натрия (не менее 15 %). Растворение виннокислых кристаллов в капле данного препарата свидетельствует, что кристаллообразующим катионом является калий; появление отдельных звездчатых, игольчатых структур или их сростков демонстрирует присутствие кальция. Усовершенствованная методика предназначена для применения в рамках технохимического контроля в лабораториях винодельческих предприятий, профильных учебных и научных заведений. One of functions of techno-chemical control in winemaking is to ensure wine stability of the finished product after bottling. This requires a system of methods and tests to assess the tendency of wines to haziness of physicochemical nature, as well as to establish the appearance origin of sediment formed as a result of insufficient technological processing of wines or violation of the storage conditions. In the context of crystal sediment, the action of 10% solutions of hydro-chloric and sulfuric acids is a generally accepted method for identifying the potassium or calcium nature of tartrate salts. In a higher concentration, these acids are precursors, using of which is strictly regulated at the legislative level. The purpose of this work was to substantiate the possibility of using generally available reagents in the analysis of crystal sediment of wines. The objects of research were solutions of inorganic acids and sodium sulfate as a source of sulfate-anion, crystal sediment of wines, as well as commercial preparations of potassium bitartrate and calcium tartrate. It is indicated that nitric acid is an effective substitution for hydrochloric and sulfuric acids to dissolve crystals. New reagent, constituting aqueous solution of nitric acid (10%) and sodium sulfate (not less than 15%), is proposed for identifying the potassium or calcium nature of the sediment. Dissolving of tartaric crystals in a drop of this preparation indicates that potassium is a crystal-forming cathion; the appearance of single stellar, needle-like structures or their intergrowth demonstrates presence of calcium. The extended technique is intended for application as a part of techno-chemical control in laboratories of winemaking enterprises, industry-specific educational and scientific institutions.

Effect of experimentally induced hypothyroidism on sulfate renal transport in rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (1) ◽  
pp. F164-F171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuko Sagawa ◽  
Heini Murer ◽  
Marilyn E. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Renal Transport ◽  
Sulfate Anion ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Serum Sulfate ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients

Decreased serum sulfate concentrations are observed in hypothyroid patients. However, the mechanism involved in thyroid hormone-induced alterations of renal sulfate homeostasis is unknown. The objectives of this investigation were to determine the effect of 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism in rats on 1) the in vivo serum concentrations, renal clearance, and renal reabsorption of sulfate, 2) the in vitro renal transport in brush-border membrane (BBM) and basolateral membrane (BLM) vesicles, and 3) the cellular mechanism of the hypothyroid-induced alteration in sulfate renal transport. Serum sulfate concentrations, renal fractional reabsorption of sulfate, and creatinine clearance were decreased significantly in the hypothyroid group. The V max values for sodium-sulfate cotransport in BBM were significantly decreased in the kidney cortex from the hypothyroid animals (0.90 ± 0.31 vs. 0.49 ± 0.08 nmol ⋅ mg−1 ⋅ 10 s−1, n = 5–6, P < 0.05) without changes in K m. There were no significant differences in V max and K m for sulfate/anion exchange transport in BLM. Sodium-dependent sulfate transporter (NaSi-1) mRNA and protein levels were significantly lower in the kidney cortex from hypothyroid rats. Hypothyroidism did not alter the membrane motional order (fluidity) in BBM and BLM, which indicates that the changes in the membrane fluidity do not represent the mechanism for the altered renal transport. These results demonstrate that PTU-induced hypothyroidism decreases sodium-sulfate cotransport by downregulation of the NaSi-1 gene.

Metal Leaching Efficiency from Waste Printed Circuit Boards by Inorganic Acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-362
Author(s):  
Zhenfeng Xiong ◽  
Ying Huang ◽  
Kemei Zhou ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Juan Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Base Metals ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Aqua Regia ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Waste Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Inorganic Acids ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Leaching Efficiency

Waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) from personal computers were ground and subjected to a two-step leaching process using two inorganic acids (nitric acid and aqua regia) to leach metals. Three kinds of samples were used: the whole WPCB, the golden finger part, and the WPCB excluding the golden finger. Leaching efficiencies of metals from these samples for different nitric acid concentrations (followed by aqua regia) were evaluated to identify the best concentration of nitric acid. The extracted Au concentration from the golden finger was 5.5 times of that from the whole WPCB board. Metals that compete with Au, such as Ni and Fe, have lower mass fractions in the whole WPCB board compared to those in the golden finger. However, Cu comprises a higher proportion in the golden finger. Au can be effectively separated from most other metals by initially leaching the ground WPCB with 5M nitric acid, followed by leaching with aqua regia. Considering the high leaching proportion of Au, it is advantageous to leach Au and base metals separately from the golden finger and from WPCB excluding the golden finger.

Effects of organic and inorganic acids on phosphorus release from municipal sludge

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.B. Pakdil ◽  
A. Filibeli
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Inorganic Acids ◽  
Oxalic Acids

This paper reports on the effects of inorganic acids (sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid) and organic acids (citric acid, oxalic acids) for phosphorus recovery from sludge and struvite precipitation results. It was observed that both inorganic acid and organic acids were effective at phosphorus release. The studies on precipitation of released phosphorus from sludge as magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) were also done using nitric and oxalic acids. Phosphorus and heavy metals of leachate were analyzed before and after precipitation. It was observed that heavy metal concentrations in the extracted samples decrease after precipitation. Precipitation was accomplished by using extract derived with nitric acid; however, in oxalic acid applications, it was not achieved. When the chemical constituents of the dried material were examined oxygen, sodium and nitrogen were found to be the major elements.

scholarly journals Sodium Sulfate (Na2SO4) Detection Using Graphene Coated Microfiber

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
M Yasin ◽  
Pujiyanto Pujiyanto ◽  
D Anngita ◽  
I A Fanany
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Effective Refractive Index ◽  
Graphene Layer ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sodium Cation ◽  
Good Sensitivity ◽  
Sulfate Anion

We investigate the coating of graphene onto the silica microfiber sensor for sodium sulfate measurement at room temperature. The graphene obtained from graphene-polylactic acid filament was coated onto the microfiber based on drop casting methods. In this work, the graphene acts as cladding to interact with analyte as well as functions to trap either sodium cation or sulfate anion and increases the effective refractive index of the cladding. The sensor has  a good sensitivity of 0.82 dBm/% and resolution of 1.16 %. The sensitivity and resolution of the sensor were increased by the coating of graphene layer. 

scholarly journals A novel application of hematite precipitation for high effective separation of Fe from Nd-Fe-B scrap

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Lin ◽  
Zhan Qu ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Ruinan Jin ◽  
Ting Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Rare Metals ◽  
Acid Dissolution ◽  
Sintered Magnet ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Hydrochloric And Sulfuric Acids ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

AbstractRare earths, e.g. neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr) and dysprosium (Dy), are abundant in the rare earth sintered magnet scrap (Nd-Fe-B scrap), but their recycling is tedious and costly due to the high content of impurity Fe. Herein, a novel approach was developed to effectively recycle rare earths from the scrap via an integrated acid dissolution and hematite precipitation method. The scrap contained 63.4% Fe, 21.6% Nd, 8.1% Pr and 3.9% Dy. It was dissolved in nitric, hydrochloric and sulfuric acids, separately. Nearly all impurity Fe in the scrap was converted to Fe3+ in nitric acid but was converted to Fe2+ in hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. After hydrothermal treatment, the rare earths in the three acids were almost unchanged. From nitric acid, 77.6% of total Fe was removed, but total Fe was not from the hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. By adding glucose, the removal of total Fe was further increased to 99.7% in nitric acid, and 97% of rare earths remained. The major mechanism underlying total Fe removal in nitric acid was the hydrolysis of Fe3+ into hematite, which was promoted by the consumption of nitrate during glucose oxidation. This method effectively recycled rare metals from the waste Nd-Fe-B scrap and showed great potential for industrial application.

Durability of Polyester Resin Concrete in Different Chemical Solutions

2013 ◽  
Vol 687 ◽  
pp. 150-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Jamshidi ◽  
Mohammadreza Alizadeh ◽  
Milad Salar ◽  
Abdolreza Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Inorganic Acids ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Chemical Solutions

Polymer concretes (PC) were introduced to building and construction industry more than 50 years ago. Gradually, they became a suitable substitute for concrete structures; however, their application was shortly diminished due to the higher costs. In this research a homemade cost-quality effective resin (unsaturated polyester) is used as binder in the polymer concrete production. Laboratory specimens made and evaluated for compressive stregth tests. A comparative study was performed on effect of different chemicals (organic and inorganic acids, alkalis, sodium sulfate, gasoline and water) on durability of the polymer concrete specimens after six months of exposure.

Ectodesmata as Revealed By Freeze-Etch Preparations of Plant Epidermal Cell Walls

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 468-469
Author(s):  
N.C. Lyon ◽  
W. C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Thin Sections

Schumacher and Halbsguth first demonstrated ectodesmata as pores or channels in the epidermal cell walls in haustoria of Cuscuta odorata L. by light microscopy in tissues fixed in a sublimate fixative (30% ethyl alcohol, 30 ml:glacial acetic acid, 10 ml: 65% nitric acid, 1 ml: 40% formaldehyde, 5 ml: oxalic acid, 2 g: mecuric chloride to saturation 2-3 g). Other workers have published electron micrographs of structures transversing the outer epidermal cell in thin sections of plant leaves that have been interpreted as ectodesmata. Such structures are evident following treatment with Hg++ or Ag+ salts and are only rarely observed by electron microscopy. If ectodesmata exist without such treatment, and are not artefacts, they would afford natural pathways of entry for applied foliar solutions and plant viruses.

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