scholarly journals A Novel Approach to Studying the Problem of Sapronoses (on the Listeria monocytogenes Model)

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
AA Yakovlev ◽  
AI Eskova ◽  
AL Ponomareva ◽  
AA Kornyushina
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Evolutionary Features ◽  
Mixed Microbial Community ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Epidemiological Significance

Introduction: After a long period of non-recognition, sapronoses and saprozoonoses have taken their rightful place in the classification of infectious diseases, while the evolutionary features of these infections remain unclear. New facts related to the specifics of their circulation both in the external environment and in warm-blooded animals are revealed and the possibilities of their existence in hydrobionts and plants, as well as formation of uncultivated forms, etc., are being studied. However, recent studies have demonstrated the possibility of microorganisms to co-exist in certain consortia, interacting with other types of microorganisms of other species. In this regard, research on the issue of sapronosis remains sparse. Our objective was to evaluate the ability of saprotrophic bacteria isolated from soil and marine environment to form multicultural biofilms with Listeria monocytogenes, related to sapronoses, and to determine the nature of their interaction in model experiments. Materials and methods: The research was carried out in 2017–2019 using museum strains of different variants of Listeria monocytogenes from the collection of the the Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after G.P. Somov and saprophytic bacteria isolated from marine environment and soil. Biofilms were analyzed by spectrophotometry, and the number of viable cells was determined by the number of colony-forming units in 1 ml (CFU/ml). The results showed that the bacteria of a mixed microbial community living in a biofilm could interact with each other through competition or cooperation. Conclusion: Cooperation between different strains of microorganisms in the soil or marine environment may contribute to a better adaptation and survival of L. monocytogenes, thus posing a potential hazard to the population. This fact highlights the epidemiological significance of the marine and soil environments.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE BASIC CRITERIA FOR RUSSIAN COASTS TYPIFICATION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Рубен Косян ◽  
Ruben Kosyan ◽  
Viacheslav Krylenko ◽  
Viacheslav Krylenko
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Static State ◽  
Evolutionary Features ◽  
Coastal Features ◽  
The Stability

There are many types of coasts classifications that indicate main coastal features. As a rule, the "static" state of the coasts is considered regardless of their evolutionary features and ways to further transformation. Since the most part of the coastal zone studies aimed at ensuring of economic activity, it is clear that the classification of coast types should indicate total information required by the users. Accordingly, the coast classification should include the criterion, characterizing as dynamic features of the coast and the conditions and opportunities of economic activity. The coast classification, of course, should be based on geomorphological coast typification. Similar typification has been developed by leading scientists from Russia and can be used with minimal modifications. The authors propose to add to basic information (geomorphological type of coast) the evaluative part for each coast sector. It will include the estimation of the coast changes probability and the complexity of the coast stabilization for economic activity. This method will allow to assess the dynamics of specific coastal sections and the processes intensity and, as a result – the stability of the coastal area.

scholarly journals Detection of Rhodococcus fascians, the Causative Agent of Lily Fasciation in South Korea

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Joon Moh Park ◽  
Jachoon Koo ◽  
Se Won Kang ◽  
Sung Hee Jo ◽  
Jeong Mee Park
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Rhodococcus Fascians ◽  
Different Strains

Rhodococcus fascians is an important pathogen that infects various herbaceous perennials and reduces their economic value. In this study, we examined R. fascians isolates carrying a virulence gene from symptomatic lily plants grown in South Korea. Phylogenetic analysis using the nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA, vicA, and fasD led to the classification of the isolates into four different strains of R. fascians. Inoculation of Nicotiana benthamiana with these isolates slowed root growth and resulted in symptoms of leafy gall. These findings elucidate the diversification of domestic pathogenic R. fascians and may lead to an accurate causal diagnosis to help reduce economic losses in the bulb market.

scholarly journals Phenotypic homogeneity in childhood epilepsies evolves in gene-specific patterns across 3251 patient-years of clinical data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lewis-Smith ◽  
Shiva Ganesan ◽  
Peter D. Galer ◽  
Katherine L. Helbig ◽  
Sarah E. McKeown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Similarity Analysis ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Human Phenotype ◽  
Phenotypic Similarity ◽  
Complex Phenotypes ◽  
Cognitive Framework ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Genetic Epilepsies

AbstractWhile genetic studies of epilepsies can be performed in thousands of individuals, phenotyping remains a manual, non-scalable task. A particular challenge is capturing the evolution of complex phenotypes with age. Here, we present a novel approach, applying phenotypic similarity analysis to a total of 3251 patient-years of longitudinal electronic medical record data from a previously reported cohort of 658 individuals with genetic epilepsies. After mapping clinical data to the Human Phenotype Ontology, we determined the phenotypic similarity of individuals sharing each genetic etiology within each 3-month age interval from birth up to a maximum age of 25 years. 140 of 600 (23%) of all 27 genes and 3-month age intervals with sufficient data for calculation of phenotypic similarity were significantly higher than expect by chance. 11 of 27 genetic etiologies had significant overall phenotypic similarity trajectories. These do not simply reflect strong statistical associations with single phenotypic features but appear to emerge from complex clinical constellations of features that may not be strongly associated individually. As an attempt to reconstruct the cognitive framework of syndrome recognition in clinical practice, longitudinal phenotypic similarity analysis extends the traditional phenotyping approach by utilizing data from electronic medical records at a scale that is far beyond the capabilities of manual phenotyping. Delineation of how the phenotypic homogeneity of genetic epilepsies varies with age could improve the phenotypic classification of these disorders, the accuracy of prognostic counseling, and by providing historical control data, the design and interpretation of precision clinical trials in rare diseases.

scholarly journals PSIX-18 Laurate and its glycerol monoester, monolaurin, as potential additives to control Listeria monocytogenes and tetracycline resistant Enterococcus faecalis in air-exposed silage

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 414-415
Author(s):  
Yamicela Castillo-Castillo ◽  
Marina Ontiveros ◽  
Eric J Scholljegerdes ◽  
Robin Anderson ◽  
Claudio Arzola-Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Complete Elimination ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Risk Infection

Abstract Silages can harbor pathogenic and antimicrobial resistant microbes which risk infection of food-producing animals. Livestock producers need effective yet environmentally friendly interventions to preserve the feed value of these fermented materials. Medium chain fatty acids such as laurate and its glycerol monoester, monolaurin, are potent inhibitors of many Gram-positive bacteria and when tested at 5 mg/mL in anaerobic cultures (n = 3/treatment) inoculated with 105 colony forming units (CFU) of Listeria monocytogenes and grown at 37oC in ½ strength Brain Heart infusion broth achieved near complete elimination of viable cells after 6 h compared to a 2.2 ± 0.1 log10 CFU/mL increase observed in controls. Culture of a tetracycline-resistant Enterococcus faecalis with 5 mg laurate/mL likewise achieved near complete elimination of viable cells (5 log10 CFU/mL) by 6 h incubation. The bactericidal effect of 5 mg monolaurin was less against E. faecalis, achieving a decrease of 1.8 ± 0.2 log10 CFU/mL and not decreased further after 24 h. When tested against air-exposed silage, pH 7.53 (4 g), mixed with 4 mL water, 5 mg laurate or monolaurin decreased viability of experimentally-inoculated L. monocytogenes (105 CFU/g silage) more (P < 0.05) than untreated controls after 24 h aerobic incubation (22oC), with viable counts being decreased 6.3 ± 0.1, 5.9 ± 0.8 and 4.5 ± 0.1 log10 CFU/g, respectively. In contrast, viable recovery of the experimentally-inoculated (105 CFU/g) tetracycline-resistant E. faecalis was reduced more (P < 0.05) than controls (decreased 0.7 ± 0.1 log10 CFU/g) after 6 h incubation when similarly tested with laurate and monolaurin (1.7 ± 0.5 and 3.0 ± 0.9 log10 CFU/g, respectively) but counts after 24 h were similar, decreasing on average 2.0 ± 0.5 log10 CFU/g). Results indicate laurate and monolaurin may be useful in killing L. monocytogenes and tetracycline-resistant E. faecalis during silage feed-out.

scholarly journals A novel approach to the classification of terrestrial drainage networks based on deep learning and preliminary results on solar system bodies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Donadio ◽  
Massimo Brescia ◽  
Alessia Riccardo ◽  
Giuseppe Angora ◽  
Michele Delli Veneri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Intrinsic Complexity ◽  
Solar System Bodies ◽  
Manual Extraction

AbstractSeveral approaches were proposed to describe the geomorphology of drainage networks and the abiotic/biotic factors determining their morphology. There is an intrinsic complexity of the explicit qualification of the morphological variations in response to various types of control factors and the difficulty of expressing the cause-effect links. Traditional methods of drainage network classification are based on the manual extraction of key characteristics, then applied as pattern recognition schemes. These approaches, however, have low predictive and uniform ability. We present a different approach, based on the data-driven supervised learning by images, extended also to extraterrestrial cases. With deep learning models, the extraction and classification phase is integrated within a more objective, analytical, and automatic framework. Despite the initial difficulties, due to the small number of training images available, and the similarity between the different shapes of the drainage samples, we obtained successful results, concluding that deep learning is a valid way for data exploration in geomorphology and related fields.

Advances in the Biology and Genetics of the Podocytopathies: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy

2009 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Barisoni ◽  
H. William Schnaper ◽  
Jeffrey B. Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Diffuse Mesangial Sclerosis ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Glomerular Diseases ◽  
Podocyte Injury ◽  
Collapsing Glomerulopathy ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Glomerular Morphology

AbstractContext.—Etiologic factors and pathways leading to altered podocyte phenotype are clearly numerous and involve the activity of different cellular function.Objective.—To focus on recent discoveries in podocyte biology and genetics and their relevance to these human glomerular diseases, named podocytopathies.Data Sources.—Genetic mutations in genes encoding for proteins in the nucleus, slit diaphragm, podocyte cytoplasm, and cell membrane are responsible for podocyte phenotype and functional abnormalities. Podocyte injury may also derive from secondary stimuli, such as mechanical stress, infections, or use of certain medications. Podocytes can respond to injury in a limited number of ways, which include (1) effacement, (2) apoptosis, (3) arrest of development, and (4) dedifferentiation. Each of these pathways results in a specific glomerular morphology: minimal change nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, diffuse mesangial sclerosis, and collapsing glomerulopathy.Conclusions.—Based on current knowledge of podocyte biology, we organized etiologic factors and morphologic features in a taxonomy of podocytopathies, which provides a novel approach to the classification of these diseases. Current and experimental therapeutic approaches are also discussed.

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