21ST CENTURY LEARNING CHALLENGES AMONG NOVICE TEACHERS OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN MALAYSIA
21st-century learning emphasizes student-centered learning and active learning that transforms the role of teachers into facilitators. Teachers act to help students solve problems given to them as a learning process. Therefore, teachers play an important role in determining the learning outcomes that can be achieved. However, previous studies have found that the implementation of 21st-century learning has contributed to various forms of challenges for teachers. Thus, this article discusses the results of a study that successfully identifies the form of challenges faced by novice teachers in implementing 21st-century learning. The study was conducted using qualitative design, in a semi-structured interview with 10 novice teachers of Islamic education secondary school. The findings of the study found that although they successfully applied the pedagogy of 21st Century learning, they had to face several forms of challenges. Two dominant forms of challenge emerge as themes to be discussed in this article. First, the challenges in choosing a learning approach and second; challenges to apply M-learning effectively. The findings of the study have implications for educators, especially novice teachers, to better understand and possess 21st-century skills more effectively in order to be able to provide a new generation that is competitive in the face of life, in line with the rapid development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT).