Enhancing the effectiveness of flipped classroom in health science education: a state-of-the-art review

Background In a flipped classroom, students acquire knowledge before class and deepen and apply this knowledge during class. This way, lower-order learning goals are achieved before class and higher-order skills are reached during class. This study aims to provide an overview of the factors that contribute to the effectiveness of the flipped classroom and how these factors can be stimulated. The effectiveness of the flipped classroom is conceptualized in this study as test scores, the achievement of higher learning goals, and student perceptions. Methods A state-of-the-art review was conducted. The databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were consulted. The timeframe is 2016 till 2020. The studies were qualitatively analyzed according to the grounded theory method. Results After screening the studies based on the inclusion-and exclusion criteria, 88 studies were included in this review. The qualitative analysis of these studies revealed six main factors that affect the effectiveness of the flipped classroom: student characteristics, teacher characteristics, implementation, task characteristics, out-of-class activities, and in-class activities. Mediating factors are, amongst other factors, the learner’s level of self-regulated learning, teacher’s role and motivation, assessment approach, and guidance during self-study by means of prompts or feedback. These factors can be positively stimulated by structuring the learning process and focusing the teacher training on competencies and learning-and teaching approaches that are essential for the flipped classroom. Conclusion This paper provides insight into the factors that contribute to the effectiveness of the flipped classroom and how these factors could be stimulated. In order to stimulate the effectiveness of the flipped classroom, the positively and negatively affecting factors and mediating factors should be taken into account in the design of the flipped classroom. The interventions mentioned in this paper could also be used to enhance the effectiveness.

Analyzing the Role of Islamic Finance in Kuwait Regarding Sustainable Economic Development in COVID-19 Era

The aim of the present study was first to consider the impact of COVID-19 on Kuwait’s economy. Second, it attempted to examine the role of Islamic banking and finance in achieving socioeconomic justice and attaining best practices by securing social goods. Hence, the research assessed how Islamic banking and finance can help in reconstructing the economy based on Maqasid Al-Shari’ah (higher ethical objectives) to redevelop social, economic, and environmental welfare, especially in the COVID-19 era. A theoretical approach was adopted, namely, the grounded theory method (GTM), to explore COVID-19 related solutions for achieving sustainable economic development. The findings show that Islamic banking and finance can be employed to mitigate the impact of coronavirus and can be used as an alternative financial system to support both affected people and entrepreneurs. The paper expands on previous literature discussing the role of Islamic finance in management strategies through Islamic ethical objectives, with a particular focus on Kuwait’s post-COVID-19 era. This research can help policymakers to develop mechanisms and supporting approaches for Kuwait’s economy.

Professional Safety in the daily life of primary health care: grounded theory

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand Professional Safety in daily life in Primary Health Care. Methods: this is a study on the Grounded Theory method and the Symbolic Interactionism theoretical framework with 82 health professionals. Results: it presents the category "Professional Safety in Daily Life in Primary Health Care: a Grounded Theory" and two subcategories determining and conditioning Professional Safety in PHC: professional training, infrastructure, support and technical responsibility; Professional Safety: physical protection, psychological support, distress and feelings reveal the (un)safe conditions. Professional Safety is mentioned in several dimensions that include professionals' knowledge, decision-making skills, the practice of the profession and what regulates it, the structure and organization of the Unified Health System and services, permanent education. It presents the context of primary care and the factors that impact an (unsafe) work. Final considerations: this study contributes to reflect on Professional Safety to strengthen safety culture in Primary Health Care.

Grounded Theory with the Triple-C Model in an Effort to Minimize Academic Procrastinations in Learning Physics Based on Livezopadizdo

Procrastination in learning physics by students who are seen from the point of view of their failure in working on, completing, and collecting answers to physics which is the background of this research. The first objective of this study is to reconstruct the pattern of learning difficulties in understanding the process of student behavior in order to minimize academic procrastination. Second, to find out the percentage of implementation of the Triple-C model in minimizing physics academic procrastination. Third, knowing the percentage of completeness in learning physics with the Triple-C model based on Livezopadizdo. The Triple-C model with the following phases Controversial Group, Exploring, Communication Deep Dialog, and Clarification Concept. The data analysis technique uses the Grounded Theory method. The conclusions obtained from this study are: first, the construction of patterns of learning difficulties in understanding the process of student behavior in order to minimize academic procrastination in the pandemic era with teaching and learning activities in online and offline conditions. Second, the average percentage of the implementation of the Triple-C model in minimizing physics academic procrastination is 92.2%. Third, the percentage of completeness in learning physics in the application of Livezopadizdo accompanied by the Triple-C cycle model is 100%.

DIGITIZATION AND EDUCATIONAL PROCESS ... A CONCEPTUAL APPROACH

The research aimed to reveal the role of the digitization literature, and the theories that explain it, in associating digitization and educational process, by adopting the qualitative approach, and grounded theory method. The research findings show that the aspects of approach between digitization and the educational process include five elements: teacher and learner, curriculum, educational tools, learning environment, and educational strategies. The most prominent recommendation is that officials should understand the importance of planning in the use of digitization technology, with the involvement active stakeholders in the field of education. Experts and researchers should be interested in conducting more researches about digitization and educational process.

Benefits of New Principal Preparation Program in Indonesia

This study aimed to examine the benefits of a new principal preparation program (PPP) in Indonesia in this decentralization era. A qualitative interpretive approach was employed. The participants consisted of eight principals of public schools in Yogyakarta who graduated from the new PPP. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and document analysis. Data were then analyzed using the grounded theory method which included open coding and analytic induction. The trustworthiness criteria were used to ensure the quality of the data. The findings showed that the principals who graduated from the PPP felt the benefits of the recruitment and selection system which was standardized and rigorous. Also, the training for the prospective principals helped them to develop their managerial competencies, leadership skills, and self-confidence. Keywords: principal preparation program, school principal

Personal therapeutic approach in Gestalt therapists working with clients suffering from medically unexplained psychosomatic symptoms

Treatment specificity and adherence to treatment manuals represent essential components of the medical model in psychotherapy. The model assumes that psychotherapists who work with the same type of clients and who identify with the same theoretical approach work very similarly. This study illustrates the shortcomings of that assumption and explores how therapists’ individuality forms and shapes their unique approaches that resonate with their own personalities, inclinations, and worldviews. Semi-structured interviews with eight Gestalt therapists working with clients who experienced medically unexplained physical symptoms were analysed using the grounded theory method. Considerable differences were found among the therapists within four domains of the personal therapeutic approach, namely Case Conceptualization, Therapeutic Task, Therapist’s Position, and Alternative Strategy. However, regardless of the differences, all the therapists endeavoured, either implicitly or explicitly, to convey to the clients what they considered to be healthy functioning. There is considerable diversity in the way therapists work even when they subscribe to the same psychotherapeutic approach and work with the same type of clients. The exploration of psychotherapists’ usual strategies, as well as the alternative strategies they use when their usual strategies do not work, appears helpful for capturing their personal therapeutic approaches.

Self-Participation Experiences among Well-Adapted Hemodialysis Patients

A successful self-participation experience empowers patients to adapt to living with hemodialysis. However, few studies regarding the subjective experiences of such patient participation have been conducted. This study’s purpose was to describe hemodialysis patients’ perspectives on integrating hemodialysis into a new life regarding self-participation experience. A qualitative study using the grounded theory method was applied. Thirty-two well-adaptive hemodialysis Taiwanese patients attended in-depth interviews. “Integrating hemodialysis into a new life journey” was identified as the core category guiding the entire self-participation experience of hemodialysis patients. The three antecedent themes were “Sense of worthlessness”, “Life is still worth living”, and “Friendly and joyful atmosphere of the hemodialysis room”. Once the patients went through the three antecedent themes, they gradually began making efforts to participate more fully in their hemodialysis. Within this participation experience, the hemodialysis patients exhibited these four interactive themes: “Overcoming one’s predicament”, “Integrating self-care skills into my life”, “Resuming previous roles and tasks”, and “Adapting to independent living”. Finally, most adaptive patients master the hemodialysis life. Encouraging patients to discover that their life is worth living and providing a friendly and joyful atmosphere in hemodialysis units are the keys to facilitating patients’ self-participation more fully.

The Role of Organizational Emotions in Strategic Leadership: A literature Review

Emotions are human things. When people consider emotions from a strategic leadership point of view, additional individual framing factors become unavoidable and play a role in an organization's management process. This research aimed to evaluate the existing literature on emotion and strategic leadership comprehensively. The study was a survey of the literature on emotion and strategic leadership. Because of the search and exclusion criteria applied, only 24 articles were relevant. The texts were studied using the grounded theory method to build a new theoretical model and identify essential characteristics of organizational emotion shifting. The model tried to demonstrate how the interaction of human and organizational elements and the task and problems faced by strategic leaders result in internal and external emotional shifts. This literature survey and theoretical integration provided a starting point for further research. The results show that the conceptualization of emotions in strategic leadership encompasses all five levels: positive emotions, negative emotions, emotional empowerment (internal emotion shaping), the establishment of external resources, and the use of power (external emotions shaping). The research revealed that emotion in organizational shaping was a key variable. This variable identified the numerous ways strategic leaders use emotion to shape organizations. It indicates that the concept can bring the person (strategic leader) and organizational levels together. In light of the limited literature, mainly focusing on strategic and emotional leadership, the model should be tested as a foundation for future research.

Come into Bloom: A Grounded Theory of Well-Being among Filipino University Students

Most studies in positive psychology focused on psychological factors and their impact on mental health based on Western models and quantitative approaches (Datu et al., 2018). Thus, there is a need to develop further the knowledge and application of concepts and theoretical models grounded in the lived experiences of the Filipino population. The present study utilized a grounded theory method to build a Filipino-based well-being model among university students. The BLOOMS Model of Well-being proposed that holistic well-being comprises five interconnected dimensions (Academic, Psycho-emotional, Physical, Social, and Spiritual). The study found that personal factors, social influences, and unexpected life events influenced well-being. Also, the study suggested that the following strategies enhanced well-being: building, leveraging, owning, opening, molding, and self-enhancing practices, leading to holistic growth. Data from this study can serve as a resource for further exploration of positive psychology and developing mental health policies and programs for university students.