THE DEMOCRATIZATION OF THE REID COMMISSION: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ALLIANCE PARTY’S LEADERSHIP

By independence, the leader of the Alliance Party has failed to reach a consensus on some controversial issues such as citizenship, the national language, and the special position of the Malays. Such matter was later handed over to an independent commission with the hopes that all races in Malaya will be fairly treated. Subsequently, the British government and the Malay Rulers were agreed to the formation of an independent commission namely the Reid Commission draw up a draft of Independent Malaya’s Constitution in March 1956. By applying a historical approach/method through an analysis of historical documents sought from the Public Records Office, London, and the National Archives of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, this paper discusses the significance of the Alliance Party leadership in the Reid Commission. This paper also discusses the dilemma faced by the Alliance Party leaders in seeking the consensus on the number of issues, including the key characteristics of a nation-state they intended to create after the independence. Moreover, debates between the delegation of the Alliance Party and the Reid Commission have also been given due attention. Accordingly, the study found that the credibility, as well as the tolerance shown by the leaders of the Alliance Party significantly, made the Reid Commission accepts the motion of independence. This is crucial as it was a key to the creation of the Federation of Malaya Constitution that led to the independence of Malaya in 1957.

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Historical Records

Macdonald on the Law of Freedom of Information ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198724452.003.0009 ◽

2016 ◽

Keyword(s):

Public Access ◽

Freedom Of Information ◽

Historical Records ◽

Public Records ◽

The Public ◽

Code Of Practice ◽

National Archives ◽

Public Record ◽

The Relationship ◽

Information Regime

Chapter 7 examines the relationship between the freedom of information regime established by the Freedom of Information Act 2000 and the Environmental Information Regulations 2004 and the pre-existing statutory regime governing the keeping of public records under the Public Records Act 1958. It describes the processes by which public records are transferred to the Public Record Office and opened to public access, and the progressive replacement of the ‘30-year rule’ with a ‘20-year rule’. It explains the separate, but related, concept of ‘historical records’ introduced by the 2000 Act, and the removal of certain exemptions by reference to the age of documents. The special procedures applicable to requests for information in transferred public records that have not been opened to the public are set out. The chapter then summarizes the guidance given to relevant authorities about the above matters by the Lord Chancellor’s Code of Practice and the National Archives.

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Contested Colonial Metrological Sovereignty: The daching riot and the regulation of weights and measures in British Malaya

Modern Asian Studies ◽

10.1017/s0026749x21000019 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

POR HEONG HONG ◽

TAN MIAU ING

Keyword(s):

Social History ◽

Colonial History ◽

Kuala Lumpur ◽

Weights And Measures ◽

The Public ◽

Colonial Authority ◽

National Archives ◽

History Of ◽

Colonial Government ◽

Drug Sellers

Abstract Drawing on materials from the National Archives of Malaysia, newspapers, literature on historical metrology, and the colonial history of Malaya, this article weaves a social history of Malaya's colonial metrological reform by taking into account the roles of both European and Asian historical actors. Prior to the 1894 reform, people in Malaya used customary scales and weight units, which varied across districts, for commercial transactions. Initiated by colonial administrators, the reform was both welcomed and resisted. In 1897, a riot against the Sanitary Board broke out in Kuala Lumpur for its attempt to mandate that previously exempted traders use only government-verified and -stamped scales. The colonial government managed to maintain order and restore its authority at the end of the riot, but four types of merchants—goldsmiths, silversmiths, opium dealers, and drug sellers—managed to remain exempted. Metrological reform continued to be contested in the following century, but the central concerns of the regulation moved from easing taxation, facilitating cross-district trade, and taming Chinese traders to protecting consumers. More emphasis was placed on educating the public to be able to read scales, in addition to using police force to raid businesses. The enforcement was, however, compromised due to inadequate funds. The reality on the ground contradicts the image of an omnipresent colonial authority and reveals the fragility of colonial administration.

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British and Allied Archives During the War

Transactions of the Royal Historical Society ◽

10.2307/3678304 ◽

1920 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 25-51

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

British Empire ◽

United States Of America ◽

The United States ◽

Present Series ◽

Public Records ◽

The Public ◽

National Archives ◽

State Archives ◽

Supplementary Report

During the Session of 1918–19 a series of communications relating to the national archives of the British Empire and some Allied States was received and has been published in the last volume of the Transactions.1 Since then a further series of communications on this subject has been arranged, and such of these as have come to hand are printed in the following pages. The previous communications dealt with the public records of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, and the State archives of the United States of America, France, and Italy. In the present series the Council hoped to include notices of the archives of the British Dominions and Crown Colonies (including the Channel Islands), Belgium, Portugal, and Serbia,2 together with a supplementary report on the French archives.

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Current status and challenges of the National Archives of Japan: Issues on transferring system for the public records of the nation

Journal of Information Processing and Management ◽

10.1241/johokanri.48.806 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 48 (12) ◽

pp. 806-816

Author(s):

Yumiko OHARA

Keyword(s):

Current Status ◽

Public Records ◽

The Public ◽

National Archives

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The Blue-Green Urban Living Labs of Kuala Lumpur

Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal ◽

10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.2072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (13) ◽

pp. 359-367

Author(s):

Jamalunlaili Abdullah ◽

Raziah Ahmad ◽

Muhammad Hafiz Zainal

Keyword(s):

Green Infrastructure ◽

Publishing House ◽

Kuala Lumpur ◽

Urban Living ◽

The Public ◽

Societal Challenges ◽

Private Citizen ◽

Living Labs ◽

International Publishing ◽

Open Access Article

The extraordinary societal challenges demand cities to be innovative and adaptable to the needs of urban citizens. In the Malaysian context, the Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) has not been well incorporated into the ULLs. This paper seeks to address this gap by exploring the potential of the Blue-Green Urban Living Labs (BGULLs) at the Sungai Bunus catchment area. Using Google Form, survey questionnaire is conducted among professionals and the public. Findings of this unprecedented study suggest the BGULLs offer beyond beautification works, and it is voicing the virtual idea of the BGULLs into a real setting that reflects the public-private-citizen partnerships.Keywords: Urban living labs; Blue-Green Infrastructure; Innovation; societal challengeseISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.2072

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Archiving the British Raj

10.1093/oso/9780199489923.001.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Sabyasachi Bhattacharya

Keyword(s):

Public Sphere ◽

Colonial Rule ◽

Historical Records ◽

The Public ◽

British Raj ◽

National Archives ◽

The World ◽

The Creation ◽

The Public Sphere ◽

Central Archive

The archives are generally sites where historians conduct research into our past. Seldom are they objects of research. Sabyasachi Bhattacharya traces the path that led to the creation of a central archive in India, from the setting up of the Imperial Record Department, the precursor of the National Archives of India, and the Indian Historical Records Commission, to the framing of archival policies and the change in those policies over the years. In the last two decades of colonial rule in India, there were anticipations of freedom in many areas of the public sphere. These were felt in the domain of archiving as well, chiefly in the form of reversal of earlier policies. From this perspective, Bhattacharya explores the relation between knowledge and power and discusses how the World Wars and the decline of Britain, among other factors, effected a transition from a Eurocentric and disparaging approach to India towards a more liberal and less ethnocentric one.

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Women, the Parliament and Political Participation in Post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan

Central Asian Affairs ◽

10.1163/22142290-00502003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 134-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cholpon Turdalieva ◽

Medet Tiulegenov

Keyword(s):

Political Participation ◽

Social Status ◽

Public Perception ◽

Financial Resources ◽

Professional Status ◽

Gender Quotas ◽

Parliamentary Elections ◽

Party Leaders ◽

The Public ◽

Women's Participation

This paper explores women’s participation in parliamentary elections in post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan. Using various methods, it offers an interdisciplinary perspective on factors that affect the likelihood of women participating successfully in parliamentary elections. This study supports the general literature on the effects of gender quotas and proportional representation, but its results on other factors are mixed. The factor of financial resources is significant, though its impact has been reduced with the introduction of gender quotas, while other factors—such as social status—may not be particularly important. The public perception of a woman in politics is not the greatest obstacle to women’s representation, and a female candidate’s professional status may often be attractive to party leaders.

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