The Challenge of the Believing Intellectual

This paper analyzes the role of Professor al Faruqi as a believing intellectual who contributed toward the development of an alternative model of modernity in which religion plays a definite and contributory role. Alternative modernity is not inevitably secular or nonreligious. This Islamic version of modernity is one amongst the multiple modernities of the globalized world. It puts forth a “modern” knowledge. Professor al Faruqi contributed to this venture through his project called the “Islamization of Knowledge.” In this way, Professor Ismail al-Faruqi illustrates the changing role of believing intellectuals in the second half of the twentieth century.

Download Full-text

A Brief History of Motives—Composition

Musical Motives ◽

10.1093/oso/9780197526026.003.0002 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 25-54

Author(s):

Brent Auerbach

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Music Composition ◽

Historical Narrative ◽

Western Music ◽

Early Twentieth Century ◽

History Of ◽

Changing Role

Chapter 2 provides a brief history of the role of motives in Western music composition. Motive is posited as one of the several generative forces in music, alongside harmony, counterpoint, and form. Motive’s relative prominence is tracked in style periods of the last four centuries, with peak influence manifesting in the late Romantic and early twentieth-century periods. This changing role of motives is illustrated by a set of analyses of chronologically ordered pieces by Handel, Mozart, Brahms, Wagner, Holst, and Schoenberg. The musical examples, in addition to supporting the historical narrative, serve to introduce readers to the new conventions of nomenclature and rules motivic association that will be presented in detail in the methodology chapters of the book.

Download Full-text

Fellowship and philanthropy

Leeds and its Jewish community ◽

10.7228/manchester/9781526123084.003.0013 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 215-234

Author(s):

Derek Fraser

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Mutual Aid ◽

Community Cohesion ◽

State Welfare ◽

History Of ◽

Place Of Origin ◽

Changing Role

In this chapter the importance of mutual aid and philanthropic endeavour are stressed as a means of community cohesion and as a counter to the fragmentation so characteristic of the Leeds community. As with many other activities, the fellowship bodies were often associated with place of origin, later replaced by national bodies, such as B’nai Brith. The 140-year history of the Board of Guardians, later the Welfare Board, is traced with stress on the desire of Leeds Jewry to look after its own poor. The changing role of charities is explained by reference to the increase in state welfare in the twentieth century

Download Full-text

The Transformation of Sherwood Forest in the Twentieth Century: The Role of Private Estate Forestry

Rural History ◽

10.1017/s0956793304001323 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 95-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

DUNCAN KOTTLER ◽

CHARLES WATKINS ◽

CHRIS LAVERS

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Government Policy ◽

Social Economic ◽

Private Land ◽

Dynamic Nature ◽

Land Owners ◽

Forestry Commission ◽

Wide Range ◽

Changing Role

Despite the demise of many landed estates in the twentieth century, the creation of the Forestry Commission and consequent massive afforestation, over two-thirds of British woodland remained in the hands of private land owners at the end of the century. Little research has been carried out into the changing role of landed estates in forming and maintaining woodland landscapes in this period. This paper examines forestry on the Thoresby estate, Sherwood Forest, Nottinghamshire using a wide range of sources. It demonstrates the dynamic nature of this landscape during the twentieth century. Rather than being a slowly changing woodland landscape, it has been transformed through interventions by land agents and landowners in response to changing social, economic and government policy pressures.

Download Full-text

The Changing Role of the Middle Classes in Twentieth-Century Ireland

The Cambridge Social History of Modern Ireland ◽

10.1017/9781316155271.013 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 177-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joseph Ruane ◽

Jennifer Todd

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Middle Classes ◽

Changing Role

Download Full-text

Fragments and Fakes: The Arbor consanguinitatis of the Fondation Martin Bodmer and a Contemporary Forgery

Fragmentology ◽

10.24446/uau ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 121-153

Author(s):

William Duba ◽

Christoph Flüeler

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Content Analysis ◽

First Century ◽

New Class ◽

Twenty First Century ◽

First Folio ◽

Changing Role

A tree of consanguinity (arbor consanguinitatis) contained in a manuscript published on e-codices (Cologny, Fondation Martin Bodmer, Cod. Bodmer 28), served as the model for a new class of forgery. An analysis of the Bodmer leaf in the context of other arbores consanguinitatis shows how the leaf relates to tradition; an examination of the leaf’s history and provenance reveals that the leaf was mutilated, probably in the mid-twentieth century. The forgery is proven to be such through a paleographical and content analysis of the script, and through an examination of the leaf’s method of composition. A second forgery is examined, a fragment of Jerome’s Epistle 53, fabricated from the first folio of another e-codices manuscript, Aarau, Aargauer Kantonsbibliothek MsWettF 11. The forgeries and their circulation provides the opportunity for an assessment of the changing role of manuscript fragments and fakes in the twenty-first century.

Download Full-text

Serving Astronomy: the Aim of the IAU

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s174392131900022x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (S349) ◽

pp. 129-138

Author(s):

David Baneke ◽

Johannes Andersen ◽

Claus Madsen

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

20Th Century ◽

Development Programs ◽

Scientific Cooperation ◽

International Astronomical ◽

Changing Role ◽

International Scientific Cooperation ◽

The Way

AbstractThe IAU was founded in 1919 “to facilitate the relations between astronomers of different countries where international co-operation is necessary or useful” and “to promote the study of astronomy in all its departments”. These aims have led the IAU throughout the century of its existence, but the way it has tried to fulfil them has changed. We have tried to trace the changing role of the IAU in the international astronomical community through the twentieth century and into the twenty-first. The IAU has striven – occasionally struggled – to protect international scientific cooperation across the deep political divides that characterized the 20th century, while maintaining an important function in the context of the rapidly evolving science itself and the changing fabric of institutions involved in astronomy. We especially argue how the emphasis of the IAU’s activities has shifted from the first aim – facilitating collaboration by organizing meetings and defining common standards – to the second aim: promoting astronomy by outreach and development programs.

Download Full-text

Authorial Self-Fashioning in a Global Era

Prism ◽

10.1215/25783491-8163801 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 57-78

Author(s):

Frances Weightman

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

World Literature ◽

Lu Xun ◽

Yu Hua ◽

Global Era ◽

Ba Jin ◽

Reading Context ◽

Changing Role ◽

Selection Of

Abstract The authorial preface to works of fiction provides a unique space for exploration of authorial self-fashioning and author-reader mediation. This article argues that, when works of fiction are translated and new prefaces written for a new readership, these prefaces can provide extra insights into the perceptions, expectations, and constrictions of both producing and consuming literature in a global era. Recent debates on world literature have centered mainly on issues of reception and circulation, preferring to define its scope in terms of the reader and the reading context rather than by the author or production process. This study considers the changing role of authors who consciously attempt to locate themselves within this contested and reconfigured field and how they construct a persona to address a newly defined world readership. This article explores the changes throughout the twentieth century by analyzing a selection of authorial prefaces to translated editions of three influential authors: Lu Xun 魯迅 (1881–1936), Ba Jin 巴金 (1906–2005), and Yu Hua 余華 (1960–). All prolific preface writers, they each have, in different ways, in different periods, engaged with the concept of a global literary readership and marketplace and negotiated their respective places within it.

Download Full-text

An analysis of the changing role of Istanbul as a megacity in the world

10.47472/hyhp3226 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammed Ziya Pakoz ◽

◽

Fatih Eren ◽

Ahmet Bas ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Structure ◽

Multiscale Analysis ◽

Water Source ◽

Cultural Impact ◽

The World ◽

Globalized World ◽

Changing Role ◽

The City ◽

Unique Part

Istanbul is a unique part of the world because of not only its history, but also its function as a bridge from the point of economic, social and cultural interrelations. There are many cities, which are settled near a water source; however, Istanbul is the only city that is settled between two continents and two seas. All these features create some opportunities and threats for the city in terms of hinterland relations and the spatial structure. This paper aims to find out the economic, social and cultural impact of globalization on the spatial structure and the hinterland relations of Istanbul while discussing the city’s contradictory positions as an edge of Europe and as a bridge between the East and the West. Within this scope, we made a multiscale analysis considering interregional and inter-urban relations and their socio-spatial imprints within the boundaries of the city. Firstly, we made a comparative analysis to understand the changing position of Istanbul in the world in the 21st century by using global and regional indexes. Secondly we examined the change in the hinterland relations of the city by investigating the flows of people, goods, services and ideas between other regions / cities and the city of Istanbul in time. Thirdly, we traced the spatial imprints of these flows and interactions within the city in terms of relocations and displacements. Our study shows the growing importance of the city not only as a part of Europe but also as a node and bridge for the globalized world while emphasising socio-cultural and socio-economic tensions within the city as a result of this process.

Download Full-text

Social changes and changing role of mixed households in Serbia

Sociologija ◽

10.2298/soc0202127c ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 127-138

Author(s):

Vladimir Cvetkovic

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Social Structure ◽

Social Order ◽

Rural Culture ◽

Social Changes ◽

Cultural Model ◽

Specific Group ◽

Value System ◽

Changing Role

Every specific social order relies on certain elements in social structure. In the case of Serbian society in the last decade of twentieth century significant role had played group of people that occupied two socio-economic positions, workers' and peasants'. The power of this group steamed from two points: their value system and capability to efficiently survive economic hardship by having alternative to secure living resources. Other specificity of this group is its dispersion, or non existence of consciousness of belonging to this specific group. However, social 'glue' for this group was nationalism and xenophobia, and common cultural model of behavior deeply rooted in rural culture. Ruling regime in Serbia, being itself based on nationalistic elements, had found its counterpart in this group. This paper deals with the position and changing role of the mentioned group from so called mixed households and the prospects of changes after the elections 2000 in Serbia.

Download Full-text