scholarly journals أهل الحل والعقد دراسة في المفهوم والنشأة وإمكانات التطبيق في العصر الحديث

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (88) ◽  
pp. 78-41
Author(s):  
المختار الأحمر
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Organizational Model ◽  
Representation System ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Democratic Representation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Systematic Practice

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى مقاربة موضوع أهل الحل والعقد بالوقوف على سياقه التاريخي من حيث النشأة والمفهوم، وكشف أسسه المعرفية والتعاقدية، وكيف ظلَّت الأمةُ بتمثُّلها قاعدة الشورى المنظَّمة مصدرَ بناء المفهوم. وهو مفهوم  يُبرِز -من منظور التجربة التاريخية الإسلامية- أنَّ فكرة التمثيل والنيابة قد ظهرت مبكراً في الفعل الاجتماعي والسياسي الإسلامي. تهدف الدراسة أيضاً إلى البحث في علاقة مفهوم أهل الحل والعقد بما تطرحه نظرية النظم السياسية الحديثة، وإمكانية الإفادة منها في تجنُّب بعض عيوب نظام التمثيل الديمقراطي الحديث أو إصلاحها، باقتراح أنموذج مؤسسي يُعبِّر عن مضمون هذا المفهوم. This study aims to approach the traditional Islamic concept called  "Ahlu al-Hall wa al-A’qd" that may be considered today as members of the parliament by investigating the historical context in terms of origination, revealing its conceptual and contractual foundations and how the nation (Ummah) has been the source of building the concept through the systematic practice of consultancy (Shura). Besides, in the Islamic historical experience, this concept shows that the idea of representation and deputation have appeared early in the Islamic social and political action. Furthermore, the study examines the relationship of the concept of "Ahlu al-Hall wa al-A’qd" with the theory of modern political systems and explore the possibility of using it to avoid or reform some of the defects of the modern democratic representation system by proposing an organizational model that reflects the essence of this concept.

“Borderland” as a way of preserving and asserting identity. The historical experience of the Native American cultures of Latin America in a universal context

2021 ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Yakov Shemyakin
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Native American ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Cultural System ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linguistic Reality

The article substantiates the thesis that modern Native American cultures of Latin America reveal all the main features of "borderland" as a special state of the socio-cultural system (the dominant of diversity while preserving the unity sui generis, embodied in the very process of interaction of heterogeneous traditions, structuring linguistic reality in accordance with this dominant, the predominance of localism in the framework of the relationship between the universal and local dimensions of the life of Latin American societies, the key role of archaism in the system of interaction with the heritage of the 1st "axial time», first of all, with Christianity, and with the realities of the "second axial time" - the era of modernization. The author concludes that modern Indian cultures are isomorphic in their structure to the "borderline" Latin American civilization, considered as a "coalition of cultures" (K. Levi-Strauss), which differ significantly from each other, but are united at the deepest level by an extremely contradictory relationship of its participants.

PROTESTANTISM AND PROGRESS IN THE YEAR XII: CHARLES VILLERS'SESSAY ON THE SPIRIT AND INFLUENCE OF LUTHER'S REFORMATION(1804)

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL PRINTY
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Social Struggle ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Broad Interest ◽  
The French Revolution

This article examines Charles Villers'sEssay on the Spirit and Influence of Luther's Reformation(1804) in its intellectual and historical context. Exiled from France after 1792, Villers intervened in important French and German debates about the relationship of religion, history, and philosophy. The article shows how he took up a German Protestant discussion on the meaning of the Reformation that had been underway from the 1770s through the end of the century, including efforts by Kantians to seize the mantle of Protestantism for themselves. Villers's essay capitalized on a broad interest in the question of Protestantism and its meaning for modern freedom around 1800. Revisiting the formation of the narrative of Protestantism and progress reveals that it was not a logical progression from Protestant theology or religion but rather part of a specific ideological and social struggle in the wake of the French Revolution and the collapse of the Old Regime.

scholarly journals Anger fast and slow: mediations of justice and violence in the age of populism

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Davies
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
Perceived Injustice ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The rise of populist political rhetoric and mobilisation, together with a conflict-riven digital public sphere, has generated growing interest in anger as a central emotion in politics. Anger has long been recognised as a powerful driver of political action and resistance, by feminist scholars among others, while political philosophers have reflected on the relationship of anger to ethical judgement since Aristotle. This article seeks to differentiate between two different ideal types of anger, in order to illuminate the status of anger in contemporary populist politics and rhetoric. First, there is anger that arises in an automatic, pre-conscious fashion, as a somatic, reactive and performative way, to an extent that potentially spirals into violence. Second, there is anger that builds up over time in response to perceived injustice, potentially generating melancholia and ressentiment. Borrowing Kahneman’s dualism, the article refers to these as ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ anger, and deploys the distinction to understand how the two interact. In the hands of the demagogue or troll, ‘fast anger’ can be deployed to focus all energies on the present, so as to briefly annihilate the past and the ‘slow anger’ that has been deposited there. And yet only by combining the conscious reflection of memory with the embodied response of action can anger ever be meaningfully sated in politics.

Traces of the Other: Adorno on Natural Beauty

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-189
Author(s):  
André Krebber
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Aesthetic Theory ◽  
Environmental Aesthetics ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article explores Theodor W. Adorno’s recovery of natural beauty in Aesthetic Theory against the background of current debates in environmental aesthetics and evinces the relationship of his reading of natural beauty to his critique of the domination of nature. From there, a critique of natural domination can be issued through the artwork. Whereas Adorno specifies that artworks do not relate to natural beauty in a positive, pseudomorphotic sense, they nevertheless inherit a quality of natural beauty as presenting to humans what is not reducible to the human. Within the specific historical context of an environmental crisis, then, a case is finally made for art as an area of ecological critique that recovers the artwork and nature from both the artwork’s reduction to a propagandistic tool and its idealistic enlisting for reinstating a bourgeois ideal of nature.

Scotland at Westminster

2020 ◽  
pp. 583-601
Author(s):  
Adam Evans
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Party System ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Institutional Representation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scottish Politics

Since the Treaty and Acts of Union in 1707, Scotland has returned MPs to Westminster. Whilst dwarfed, at least demographically by its partner in that Union, England, Scotland has, on a number of occasions, punched above its weight at the Centre—most notably at either end of the twentieth century when Liberalism and then Labour dominated Scottish politics. This chapter examines the relationship of Scotland with the UK Parliament. It begins by placing this relationship in its historical context, before then turning to an audit of contemporary Scottish influence and representation at Westminster, post-devolution. This chapter does this by breaking down two of the main and interconnected dimensions of Scottish representation at Westminster: (1) Scottish parliamentarians and the Westminster party system; and (2) institutional representation within Parliament. This latter category includes both Scottish-specific institutional mechanisms, such as the Scottish Affairs Committee and the Scottish Grand Committee, and the broader Westminster apparatus that can be leveraged for influence, such as parliamentary question times.

Motive and Goal in Hannah Arendt's Concept of Political Action

1980 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T Knauer
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Jürgen Habermas ◽  
Jurgen Habermas ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Hannah Arendt's work is of major importance primarily because of the categories of thought she originates, especially her concept of political action. But this concept has frequently been criticized for being irrelevant to, or incapable of comprehending, strategic concerns. This criticism however, is based on a misreading of Arendt on the relationship of specific motives and goals to political action. The critical interpretations of three commentators are considered here: Kirk Thompson, Jürgen Habermas, and Martin Jay. A detailed explication of the relevant texts from Arendt demonstrates the misreading of Arendt on which these criticisms are based and at the same time reveals the subtlety and power of Arendt's conception of the relationship between instrumentality and meaning in political action. Once this relationship is correctly understood, it becomes possible to appreciate the implications of Arendt's work for questions of political strategy.

THE LIMITS OF POSSIBILITY IN ENGLAND'S LONG REFORMATION

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1070
Author(s):  
LUCY BATES
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
English Reformation ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTInterpretations that solely emphasize either continuity or controversy are found wanting. Historians still question how the English became Protestant, what sort of Protestants they were, and why a civil war dominated by religion occurred over a hundred years after the initial Reformation crisis. They utilize many approaches: from above and below, and with fresh perspectives, from within and without. Yet the precise nature of the relationship of the Reformation, the civil war, the interregnum and the Restoration settlement remains controversial. This review of recent Reformation historiography largely validates the current consensus of a balance of continuity and change, pressure for further reform and begrudging conformity. Yet ultimately it argues that continuity must form the foundation for any interpretation of the Reformation, for controversial or dramatic alterations to the status quo only made sense to contemporaries in the context of what had come before. Challenging ideas, like challenging individuals, did not exist in a vacuum devoid of historical context. The practical limits of possibility, constrained largely by the established norms and procedures, shaped the course of English Reformation. As such, practicality seems a unifying and central theme for current and future investigations of England's long Reformation.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Currency Design in the Socio-Historical Context

Inter ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-49
Author(s):  
Kseniya I. Shtalenkova
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Electronic Payment ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Ideological Manipulation ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Historical Periods

The purpose of this article is to show the dynamics of currency design in a socio-historical context, from antique coins to electronic payment transactions. Currency design visualizes the symbolic features of exchange depending on the types of money circulating in certain historical periods. Therefore, the visual aspect of money is important here, which at the level of the visible concerns the material features of money, and at the level of the visual characterizes the specifics of representations used in currency design. It is crucial to analyze the relationship between the visible and the visual in currency design from the point of its functionality, which makes it possible to conceptualize money not as an object, but as a process approached through the material and political systems that create and control money. Hence, currency design highlights the perspective of multidisciplinary potential of money as an object of research, which can be assessed without separating economics from cultural significance. Using the concept of evidence by M. Engelke, this article analyzes the symbolic complex of money functions in the context of the ideological implications shifting with the transformations of currency design. In addition, money is classified according to its visual typology, which demonstrates, in the process of dematerialization, the changes in the symbolic aspect of exchange, which stimulates restructuring of social relations. It may seem that in the conditions of digitalization, social relations are simplified, becoming more free and transparent as once the money becomes invisible, the possibility of ideological manipulation through currency design is vanishing. But, in reality, social relations acquire a more complex and asymmetric features, since the power that controls money not only becomes invisible and, as a result, elusive, but transfuses the very processes associated with the functioning of money.

Status of Treaties in Domestic Legal Systems: A Policy Analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
International System ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
International Legal System ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Domestic Law

The degree to which an international treaty is “directly applied” or “self-executing” in a national (municipal) legal system, i.e., to what extent the treaty norms are treated directly as norms of domestic law (“statutelike law”) without a further “act of transformation,” has been debated in an extensive literature for more than a century. This subject is now receiving increased recognition as part of a broader trend acknowledging that understanding an international legal system necessitates understanding the relationship of national legal and political systems to that international system. In connection with treaties, the basic concepts of “monism” and “dualism” have long been used to explain some of the relationships of treaty law to domestic law.

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