scholarly journals Pozdně paleolitické a mezolitické osídlení Šumavy: možnosti výzkumu, datování a interpretace Late Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Settlement of Šumava: The Possibilities of Research, Dating and Interpretation

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-59
Author(s):  
Katarína Kapustka ◽  
Jan Eigner ◽  
Marek Parkman ◽  
Milan Řezáč ◽  
Antonín Přichystal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Character ◽  
Central European ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Lithic Assemblages ◽  
Bohemian Forest ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
European Mountain ◽  
South Bohemia ◽  
Late Palaeolithic

The main objective of the article is to present knowledge of newly discovered sites in the mountainous environment of Šumava (Bohemian Forest). The fieldwork in 2011–2019 identified a total of 30 new sites that can be dated to the Late Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods. The research of prehistoric settlement of the mountainous regions of Bohemia remained a neglected topic for many years. The presence of hunters-gatherers in the mountains in the Mesolithic was documented by isolated finds from the Ore Mountains and a far greater number from Šumava in south Bohemia. This study presents the result of research conducted in three identified locations: in the floodplains of the Roklanský Stream, the Upper Vltava (Moldau) and the Křemelná Stream. The article documents that the network of sites in this space is relatively dense. Although remnants of intact situations are documented in rare cases, the dating of the majority of sites is based solely on lithic assemblages of varying size. Due to the fragmented condition of the obtained material, we discuss the extent to which it is possible to set the survey results in the broader context of central European Mesolithic settlement and present additional thoughts on the density, character and structure of the settlement of central European mountain ranges. Late Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, lithics, mountain settlement, subsistence strategy, Šumava (Bohemian Forest)

Diverging growth performance of co-occurring trees (Picea abies) and shrubs (Pinus mugo) at the treeline ecotone of Central European mountain ranges

2021 ◽  
Vol 308-309 ◽  
pp. 108608
Author(s):  
Martin Šenfeldr ◽  
Ryszard Kaczka ◽  
Allan Buras ◽  
Alina Samusevich ◽  
Corinna Herrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Pinus Mugo ◽  
Treeline Ecotone ◽  
Central European ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
European Mountain

scholarly journals Orobanche flava (Orobanchaceae) in Poland: current distribution, taxonomy, hosts and plant communities

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Renata Piwowarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
Central European ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
European Mountain ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Critical Revision

Abstract Orobanche flava is a species of Central European mountain ranges, mainly the Alps and Carpathian Mts. The paper presents the current distribution of O. flava in Poland based on a critical revision of herbarium and literature data as well as results of field investigations conducted between 1999 and 2014. The distribution of species is centered in southern Poland, mainly in the Carpathian Mts., and, sporadically, in the Sudeten Mts. The distribution of O. flava in Poland is mapped. The taxonomy, biology, and ecology are also discussed.

scholarly journals Familiarising the landscape: the development of prehistoric settlement in the middle Dunajec River valley

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 305-342
Author(s):  
Joanna A. Markiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Central European ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Mountain Landscape ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
European Mountain ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
The Impact

Despite the continuous increase of archaeological data coming from the Polish Western Carpathians, the colonisation process of the Beskidy Mountains in prehistory is still relatively poorly recognized. The subject of discussion is, in particular, the impact of environmental and cultural factors on the formation of settlement networks in individual periods. This paper considers these questions on the example of a part of the middle Dunajec River basin in the chronological framework from the Neolithic to the La Tène period. Based on the archaeological and paleoenvironmental record, an analysis of settlement dynamics in terms of preferences and economy in the subsequent periods was carried out. The observations made were then interpreted in the context of cultural phenomena. A comparison of the results with the situation observed in other Central European mountain ranges made it possible to formulate some universal tendencies in the settlement development in these zones. In particular, the impact of climate and environmental conditions on the economy was considered, as well as the role of natural resources and communication routes. It has been demonstrated that three main stages can be distinguished in the process of prehistoric mountain colonisation. This mechanism was correlated with the gradual adaptation of the economy and the “familiarising” of the mountain landscape, which offered both some limitations and strategic values determining the specific cultural function of these areas.

scholarly journals Use of TanDEM-X and SRTM-C Data for Detection of Deforestation Caused by Bark Beetle in Central European Mountains

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3042
Author(s):  
Kateřina Gdulová ◽  
Jana Marešová ◽  
Vojtěch Barták ◽  
Marta Szostak ◽  
Jaroslav Červenka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Central European ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Bohemian Forest ◽  
Multiple Time Points ◽  
Surrounding Areas

The availability of global digital elevation models (DEMs) from multiple time points allows their combination for analysing vegetation changes. The combination of models (e.g., SRTM and TanDEM-X) can contain errors, which can, due to their synergistic effects, yield incorrect results. We used a high-resolution LiDAR-derived digital surface model (DSM) to evaluate the accuracy of canopy height estimates of the aforementioned global DEMs. In addition, we subtracted SRTM and TanDEM-X data at 90 and 30 m resolutions, respectively, to detect deforestation caused by bark beetle disturbance and evaluated the associations of their difference with terrain characteristics. The study areas covered three Central European mountain ranges and their surrounding areas: Bohemian Forest, Erzgebirge, and Giant Mountains. We found that vertical bias of SRTM and TanDEM-X, relative to the canopy height, is similar with negative values of up to −2.5 m and LE90s below 7.8 m in non-forest areas. In forests, the vertical bias of SRTM and TanDEM-X ranged from −0.5 to 4.1 m and LE90s from 7.2 to 11.0 m, respectively. The height differences between SRTM and TanDEM-X show moderate dependence on the slope and its orientation. LE90s for TDX-SRTM differences tended to be smaller for east-facing than for west-facing slopes, and varied, with aspect, by up to 1.5 m in non-forest areas and 3 m in forests, respectively. Finally, subtracting SRTM and NASA DEMs from TanDEM-X and Copernicus DEMs, respectively, successfully identified large areas of deforestation caused by hurricane Kyril in 2007 and a subsequent bark beetle disturbance in the Bohemian Forest. However, local errors in TanDEM-X, associated mainly with forest-covered west-facing slopes, resulted in erroneous identification of deforestation. Therefore, caution is needed when combining SRTM and TanDEM-X data in multitemporal studies in a mountain environment. Still, we can conclude that SRTM and TanDEM-X data represent suitable near global sources for the identification of deforestation in the period between the time points of their acquisition.

Between the Czech Krkonoše and the German Riesengebirge: Nationalism and Tourism in the Giant Mountains, 1880s–1930s

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Stanislav Holubec
Keyword(s):  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Central European ◽  
European Mountain ◽  
The Alps

Abstract The article deals with Czech and German nationalist discourses and practices in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as they relate to tourism in the Krkonoše/Riesengebirge, the highest Central European mountain range between the Alps and Scandinavia. It will discuss the discourses developed in relation to mountain tourism and nationalism (metaphors of battlefields, wedges, walls, gates, and bastions), different symbolical cores of mountains, and practices of tourist and nationalist organizations (tourist trails and markings, excursions, the ownership of mountains huts, languages used, memorials, and the construction of roads). It will examine how these discourses and practices changed from the first Czech-German ethnic conflicts in the 1800s until the end of interwar Czechoslovakia. Finally, it will discuss the Czech culture of defeat in the shadow of the Munich Agreement, which meant the occupation of the Giant Mountains by Nazi Germany.

Strategic tourism marketing of C.E.I. countries - basic framework

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Vinka Cetinski ◽  
Sanda Weber
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Working Group ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Central European ◽  
Tourism Marketing ◽  
Regional Association ◽  
Basic Framework ◽  
Survey Results

Political changes in Europe at the end of the 80's have resulted in the establishment of the Central European Initiative as an international regional association. Interests in cooperation in the field of tourism can be explained by the fact that the majority of Central European countries have significant cultural, historical and natural resources which are not sufficiently used. The Working Group for Tourism, which has been led by Croatia since 1993, made a decision to conduct research with the main aim of determining basic tourism indicators as a basis for developing a common tourism marketing strategy. This paper presents the research methodology and discusses the main survey results.

Climate change and elevational range shifts: evidence from dung beetles in two European mountain ranges

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 646-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Menéndez ◽  
Adela González-Megías ◽  
Pierre Jay-Robert ◽  
Rocío Marquéz-Ferrando
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Range Shifts ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
European Mountain ◽  
Elevational Range

What controls erosion (exhumation) along the humid eastern margin of the Northern Andes? Insights from U-Th/He thermochronology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Perez-Consuegra ◽  
Edward R Sobel ◽  
Andres Mora ◽  
Jose R Sandoval ◽  
Paul G Fitzgerald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Part ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Northern Andes ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Tectonically Active ◽  
Exhumation Rates ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Channel Steepness

<p>The relative controls of rock uplift (tectonics) and precipitation (climate) on the exhumation of earth’s rocks in tectonically active mountain ranges are still debated. In low latitude tropical regions where rates of precipitation and the amount of vegetation cover are higher, more data is required to test the relative contribution of these factors to the evolution of orogenic topography. To contribute to this debate, cooling ages were derived for 25 bedrock and four detrital samples using the apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He (AHe) low temperature thermochronometer. AHe ages are reported along a ~450-km-wide swath on the eastern flank of the Northern Andes in Colombia (South America). The AHe cooling ages, that range from 2.5 Ma to 17 Ma, are compared to precipitation rates and geomorphic parameters in order to discern the relative importance of climate and/or tectonics on exhumation. Along the transect, AHe cooling ages are poorly correlated with the rates of precipitation but show a good correlation with landscape parameters such as average hillslope and average channel steepness. Moreover, young AHe cooling ages coincide with areas where deformation is mainly compressional; older AHe cooling ages are found in the middle part of the study area where strike-slip deformation dominates. The spatial distribution of the new AHe cooling ages suggests that in mountainous regions, in this case with high precipitation rates (> 1500 mm/yr), denudation is mainly controlled by the rate of vertical advection of material via tectonic processes. The spatial variations in precipitation may only have a second-order role in modulating exhumation rates.</p>

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