scholarly journals Comparative antibiotic resistance of S. aureus strains isolated in surgical and therapeutic departments of hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Ivan V. Zhyltsou
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Test System ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Staphylococcal Infections ◽  
Antistaphylococcal Activity ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization

Objectives - to identify the characteristics of resistance of clinical isolates of S. aureus, obtained in hospitals of various specialization, to beta-lactam antibiotics, and to improve recommendations for empirical etiotropic therapy prescribed to patients with staphylococcal infections. Materials and methods. The subject of the study is the clinical isolates of S. aureus received from patients hospitalized to Vitebsk Regional Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital "therapeutic" isolates, n=117) and purulent surgery departments and intensive care units of Vitebsk Regional Clinical Hospital ("surgical" isolates, n=111) in 2016-2017 years. Methods for the study of antibiotic resistance of clinical isolates of S. aureus: disk diffusion method, method for determining the beta-lactamase activity of bacterial suspension using the "BioLactam" test system. Results. It was found, that 80.6% of the therapeutic isolates and 73.2% of the surgical isolates were resistant to the 1st generation penicillins. 5.4% of therapeutic isolates and 34% of surgical isolates were resistant to inhibitor-protected beta-lactams. 36.8% of surgical isolates and no therapeutic isolates were resistant to cephalosporins of the 3rd generation. No MRSA were detected among the therapeutic isolates, and among the surgical isolates the prevalence of MRSA was 30.5%. 93.3% of therapeutic isolates of S. aureus did not show any beta-lactamase activity. Among surgical isolates there were only 34.4% of such isolates. Direct Spearman's correlations of moderate strength were revealed between the levels of beta-lactamase activity of S. aureus isolates, the duration of hospitalization and febrile period, as well as between the isolation of MRSA and the duration of hospitalization, fever and diarrheal syndrome. Conclusion. The use of inhibitor-protected penicillins and 3rd generation cephalosporins is recommended for empirical antibiotic therapy of "therapeutic" infections caused by S. aureus. Reserve antibiotics with selective antistaphylococcal activity (such as glycopeptides or oxazolidinones) are required for empirical antibacterial therapy of staphylococcal infections in surgical departments and resuscitation units

scholarly journals Growing Menace of Antibacterial Resistance in Clinical Isolates ofPseudomonas aeruginosain Nepal: An Insight of Beta-Lactamase Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamshul Ansari ◽  
Rabindra Dhital ◽  
Sony Shrestha ◽  
Sangita Thapa ◽  
Ram Puri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients

Introduction. Pseudomonas aeruginosais the most frequently isolated organism as it acts as the opportunistic pathogen and can cause infections in immunosuppressed patients. The production of different types of beta-lactamases renders this organism resistant to many commonly used antimicrobials. Therefore, the aim of this study was to document the antibiotic resistance rate inPseudomonas aeruginosaisolated from different clinical specimens.Methods. Pseudomonas aeruginosarecovered was identified by standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method following Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines and all the suspected isolates were tested for the production of ESBLs, MBLs, and AmpC.Results.Out of total (178) isolates, 83.1% were recovered from the inpatient department (IPD). Majority of the isolates mediated resistance towards the beta-lactam antibiotics, while nearly half of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Most of the aminoglycosides used showed resistance rate up to 75% but amikacin proved to be better option. No resistance to polymyxin was observed. ESBLs, MBLs, and AmpC mediated resistance was seen in 33.1%, 30.9%, and 15.7% isolates, respectively.Conclusions. Antibiotic resistance rate and beta-lactamase mediated resistance were high. Thus, regular surveillance of drug resistance is of utmost importance.

scholarly journals Presence of different beta-lactamase classes among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa expressing AmpC beta-lactamase enzyme

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriya Upadhyay ◽  
Malay Ranjan Sen ◽  
Amitabha Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Enzyme Detection

Introduction: Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are difficult to treat as the majority of isolates exhibit varying degrees of beta-lactamase mediated resistance to most of the beta-lactam antibiotics. It is also not unusual to find a single isolate that expresses multiple β-lactamase enzymes, further complicating the treatment options. Thus the present study was designed to investigate the coexistence of different beta-lactamase enzymes in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Methodology: A total of 202 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were tested for the presence of AmpC beta-lactamase, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and metallo beta-lactamase (MBL) enzyme. Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase was performed by disk antagonism test and a modified three-dimensional method, whereas detection of ESBL was done by the combined disk diffusion method per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines and MBL were detected by the Imipenem EDTA disk potentiation test. Results: A total of 120 (59.4%) isolates were confirmed to be positive for AmpC beta-lactamase. Among them, 14 strains (7%) were inducible AmpC producers. Co-production of AmpC along with extended spectrum beta-lactamase and metallo beta-lactamase was reported in 3.3% and 46.6% isolates respectively. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the high prevalence of multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa producing beta-lactamase enzymes of diverse mechanisms. Thus proper antibiotic policy and measures to restrict the indiscriminative use of cephalosporins and carbapenems should be taken to minimize the emergence of this multiple beta-lactamase producing pathogens.

scholarly journals Coproduction of Extended Spectrum, AmpC and Metallo β- Lactamases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from a Super Speciality Center

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 176-184
Author(s):  
Ashna Bhasin Poonam Loomba ◽  
Abha Sharma Bibhabati Mishra ◽  
Ashish Bajaj
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is one of the leading causes of hospital as well as community acquired infections. They’re strenuous to treat as most of isolates exhibit various degrees of beta- lactamase mediated resistance to majority of the beta-lactam antibiotics. Single isolate can express multiple β- lactamase enzymes, further limiting the treatment options. Therefore, this study was outlined to research the coexistence of various beta-lactamase enzymes in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. The aim of the study was to detect the co-prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta lactmases (ESBL), AmpC and Metallo β-Lactamases (MBL) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from a superspeciality center. Fifty clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were tested for the presence of AmpC beta-lactamase, extended spectrum beta- lactamase (ESBL) and metallo beta-lactamase (MBL) enzyme. Discernment of AmpC beta-lactamase was performed by disk antagonism while ESBL detection was done by the combined disk diffusion method as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines and MBL were detected by the Imipenem EDTA disk potentiation test. Eleven of 50 (22%) isolates were confirmed to be positive for AmpC and Extended spectrum beta lactamases. Co-production of AmpC along side ESBL and MBL was reported in 12 % isolates. The study shows the high prevalence of multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa producing beta-lactamase enzymes of diverse mechanisms. Consequently, formulation of a correct antibiotic policy and taking measures to restrict the indiscriminative use of cephalosporins and carbapenems should be taken to mitigate the emergence of this multiple beta-lactamase producing pathogens.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF PLASMID CURING ON ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE ON SOME CLINICAL ISOLATES OF ESCHERICHIA COLI

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-327
Author(s):  
Mamunu Abdulkadir SULAIMAN ◽  
H.S Muhammad ◽  
Aliyu Muhammad Sani ◽  
Aminu Ibrahim ◽  
Ibrahim Muhammad Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Plasmid Curing ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Mar Index ◽  
The Impact

Multidrug resistance (MDR) exhibited by some strains of Escherichia coli may be due to acquiring mobile genetic element (R-plasmid) by the bacteria, or intrinsically induced by inappropriate use of antibiotics by the hosts.  Infection by such strains may result to prolonged illness and greater risk of death. The study evaluated the impact of curing on antibiotic resistance on selected clinical isolates of E. coli. Twenty clinical isolates of E. coli from our previous studies were re-characterized using conventional microbiological techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was determined by disk diffusion method, MDR selected based on resistance to ≥ 2 classes of antibiotics. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was determined as ratio of the number of antibiotic resisted to the total number of antibiotics tested and considered significant if ≥. 0.2. The isolates that showed significant MAR index were subjected to plasmid curing using acridine orange, thereafter, profiled for plasmid and the cured ones were re-tested against the antibiotics they initially resisted. Out of the 20 isolates, 19 (95%) were confirmed as E. coli, all (100%) of which were MDRs, which was highest against augmentin (78.9%) followed by amoxacillin (52.6%). However, after the plasmid curing only 6 (31.6%) out of the 19 isolates cured retained significant MAR index and the level of the significance had reduced drastically in 16 (84.2%) isolates. Conclusively, curing assay can completely eliminate R-plasmid acquired resistance. More studied on plasmid curing agents for possible augmentation of the agents into antibiotics may see the rise of successful antibiotic era again.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Virulence Genes and Drug Resistance Profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated From Clinical Specimens

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ali Bazghandi ◽  
Mohsen Arzanlou ◽  
Hadi Peeridogaheh ◽  
Hamid Vaez ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Resistance Rates

Background: Drug resistance and virulence genes are two key factors for the colonization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in settings with high antibiotic pressure, such as hospitals, and the development of hospital-acquired infections. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of drug resistance and virulence gene profiles in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in Ardabil, Iran. Methods: A total of 84 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from clinical specimens of Ardabil hospitals and confirmed using laboratory standard tests. The disk diffusion method was used for antibiotic susceptibility testing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the identification of P. aeruginosa virulence genes. Results: The highest and the lowest antibiotic resistance rates of P. aeruginosa strains were against ticarcillin-clavulanate (94%) and doripenem (33.3%), respectively. In addition, the frequency of multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa was 55.9%. The prevalence of virulence factor genes was as follows: algD 84.5%, lasB 86.9%, plcH 86.9%, plcN 86.9%, exoU 56%, exoS 51.2%, toxA 81%, nan1 13.1%, and pilB 33.3%. A significant association was observed between resistance to some antibiotics and the prevalence of virulence genes in P. aeruginosa. Conclusions: Our results revealed a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance, especially MDR, and virulence-associated genes in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in Ardabil hospitals. Owing to the low resistance rates against doripenem, gentamicin, and tobramycin, these antibiotics are recommended for the treatment of infections caused by highly resistant and virulent P. aeruginosa strains.

scholarly journals Vancomycin Sensitivity of Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from Patients in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shahriar ◽  
Sanjida Shahid ◽  
Khusbu Khalil Katha ◽  
Waheeda Nasreen ◽  
Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), resistant to all antibiotics including vancomycin, has been reported in Japan, USA, Canada and Brazil. Hence, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the possible presence of vancomycin resistant or intermediate Stap. aureus in Dhaka. A total of 122 clinical isolates were collected from different hospitals, clinics and diagnostic centers of the city for about 12 months starting from August 2010 to July 2011.They were identified using standard bacteriological methods. Sensitivity to recommended antibiotics was determined by disc diffusion method. In the present study 74% of total isolates were found to be betalactamase producers by iodometric methods, whereas with Nitrocefin® sticks 80% of the isolates were found to be beta-lactamase producers. All the multiple drug resistant strains were beta-lactamase producers. Out of 122 isolates, although no strains were found vancomycin resistant, 93.44% were found intermediate and only 6.56% showed sensitivity. This study reveals the growing antimicrobial resistance in Bangladesh and refers not to use the antimicrobial drugs that show insufficient sensitivity against Stap. aureus to prevent resistance and associated treatment failure. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v15i2.12582 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 15(2): 159-163, 2012

scholarly journals Multicenter Evaluation of the Etest Gradient Diffusion Method for Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Susceptibility Testing of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam L. Bailey ◽  
Tom Armstrong ◽  
Hari-Prakash Dwivedi ◽  
Gerald A. Denys ◽  
Janet Hindler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gradient Diffusion ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Abdominal Infections ◽  
Inhibitor Combination

ABSTRACT Ceftolozane-tazobactam (C/T) is a novel beta-lactam–beta-lactamase inhibitor combination antibiotic approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2014 for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections (in combination with metronidazole) and complicated urinary tract infections. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the C/T Etest, a gradient diffusion method. C/T Etest was compared to broth microdilution (BMD) for 51 Enterobacteriaceae challenge isolates and 39 Pseudomonas aeruginosa challenge isolates at three clinical sites. Essential agreement (EA) between the methods ranged from 47 to 49/51 (92.2 to 96.1%) for the Enterobacteriaceae, and categorical agreement (CA) ranged from 49 to 51/51 (96.1 to 100.0%). EA and CA for P. aeruginosa were 100% at all sites. The C/T Etest was also compared to BMD for susceptibility testing on 966 clinical isolates (793 Enterobacteriaceae, including 167 Klebsiella pneumoniae and 159 Escherichia coli isolates, in addition to 173 P. aeruginosa isolates) collected at four clinical sites. EA between Etest and BMD was 96.9% for Enterobacteriaceae isolates and 98.8% for P. aeruginosa isolates. Within the Enterobacteriaceae, isolates from each species examined had >96% CA. For the clinical isolates, no very major errors were identified but two major errors were found (one for K. pneumoniae and one for Providencia rettgeri). By BMD, 47.0% of Enterobacteriaceae and 46.2% of P. aeruginosa challenge strains were nonsusceptible to C/T by CLSI breakpoint criteria; 8.2% of clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates and 12.1% of clinical P. aeruginosa isolates were nonsusceptible to C/T by CLSI breakpoint criteria. In conclusion, Etest is accurate and reproducible for C/T susceptibility testing of Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa.

Stigmasterol: An adjuvant for beta lactam antibiotics against beta-lactamase positive clinical isolates

Steroids ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 68-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Woei Yenn ◽  
Muhammad Arslan Khan ◽  
Nur Amiera Syuhada ◽  
Leong Chean Ring ◽  
Darah Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics

Occurrence of beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in healthy and diarrhoeic dogs in Andhra Pradesh, India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mohammad Sharif ◽  
B. Sreedevi ◽  
R. K. Chaitanya ◽  
Ch. Srilatha
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Group 2

The present study was carried out to characterize beta-lactam resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from healthy and diarrhoeic dogs. A total of 93 E. coli were isolated from the rectal swabs of 136 dogs (60/92 of healthy dogs and 33/44 of diarrhoeic dogs). Predominant serotypes detected include rough (19 isolates), O141 (5), O9 (2), O126 (2), O128 (2), O15, O20, O35, O49, O63, O85, O101, O116, O117, O118, O119 (1 isolate each) and the rest of 52 isolates were untypable (UT). Disc diffusion method revealed resistance to cefotaxime (41.9%), ceftriaxone (34.4%), ceftazidime (30.1%) and aztreonam (18.2%). Overall frequency of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype was found to be 29% (27/93). Beta-lactamase genes detected include blaAmpC (86.0%), blaSHV (30.1%), blaCTX-M group-1 (19.3%), blaTEM (17.2%), blaOXA (13.9%) and blaCTX-M group-2 (7.5%). The study revealed resistance to commonly prescribed beta-lactams, with ESBL phenotype in E. coli of canine origin in Andhra Pradesh, India.

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