scholarly journals Turbo-Сompressors: Working Peculiarities, Causes of Failures

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Р.Д. Адакин ◽  
И.М. Соцкая ◽  
Н.С. Груздев
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Relief Valve ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Idle Speed ◽  
Vehicle Engine ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
Inlet Manifold

Рассмотрены вопросы использования турбокомпрессоров (ТРК), производителей ТРК, принцип работы, пути совершенствования, причины отказов. Работу ТРК совершенствуют инженеры во всём мире, при этом основная задача заключается в том, чтобы продлить срок эксплуатации и увеличить эффективность ТРК. Принцип работы ТРК заключается в том, что энергию на вращение вала ТРК получает от отработанных газов, воздействующих на горячую улитку, расположенную на одном валу с холодной улиткой, которая нагнетает воздух во впускной коллектор. ТРК совершенствуют следующими путями: уменьшают размеры и увеличивают скорость вращения вала ТРК; добавляют управление (электронное, механическое) перепускным клапаном давления; используют турбину с регулируемым сечением и ротором, который содержит дополнительные подвижные лопатки, регулирующие поток отработанных газов на низких и на высоких оборотах двигателя; используют параллельную установку ТРК, применяют сдвоенные ТРК, турбокомпаунд; используют современные материалы – керамику. При работе двигателя внутреннего сгорания ТРК выходят из строя. Рассмотрены неисправные узлы, проведён анализ причин выхода из строя турбин и разработан ряд мероприятий, придерживаясь которых можно продлить срок службы ТРК или выработать тот срок службы, который был заложен заводом-изготовителем. К основным причинам выхода из строя ТРК можно отнести следующие: недостаток масла, попадание посторонних предметов в ТРК, загрязнённое масло, попадание абразива через воздушный фильтр. Для устранения указанных причин рекомендуется выполнять своевременную замену масла с масляным фильтром; выполнять своевременную замену воздушного фильтра; использовать только качественное масло, соответствующее виду топлива и рекомендованное для турбин; использовать турботаймер или после поездки выключать двигатель транспортного средства не сразу, а дав поработать ему на холостых оборотах, чтобы охладилась турбина и снизилось число оборотов вращения вала ТРК. The issues of use of turbo-compressors (TC), manufacturers of TC, operation principle, ways of improvement, causes of failures are considered. The work of the TC is being improved by engineers around the world, the main task being to extend the service life of the TC and increase the efficiency of the TC. The principle of the TC operation is that the energy for rotation of the TC shaft is received from the exhaust gases acting on the hot volute located on the same shaft as the cold volute, which pumps air into the inlet manifold. TC is improved in the following ways: reduce the size and increase the rotation speed of the TC shaft; add control (electronic, mechanical) of the pressure relief valve; use a turbine with a variable area and a rotor, which includes additional movable vanes that control the flow of exhaust gases at low and high engine speeds; use a parallel TC installation, use dual TC, a turbocompound; use modern materials – ceramics. During operation of the internal combustion engine the TC fails. The faulty units were considered, the causes of turbine failure were analyzed and a number of measures were developed, adhering to which it is possible to extend the service life of the TC or develop the service life that was laid down by the manufacturer. The main reasons for the failure of the TC include the following: lack of oil, ingress of foreign objects into the TC, contaminated oil, ingress of abrasive material through the air filter. To eliminate these reasons, it is recommended to perform timely replacement of oil with oil filter; perform timely replacement of air filter; use only the quality oil corresponding to the type of fuel and recommended for turbines; use a turbo timer or after the trip turn off the vehicle engine not immediately, but by letting it work at idle speed so that the turbine cools and the rate speed of the TC shaft rotation decreases.

scholarly journals The restriction produced by the air filtration system versus the restriction produced by the air filter

2018 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 09002
Author(s):  
Marius Toma ◽  
Cornelia Stan ◽  
Iordan Fileru
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Vehicle Engine ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
System Versus ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
Filter Housing

The air filtration system for an internal combustion engine comprises the air filter, the filter housing and the intake air duct which conducts the air flow from the vehicle grille to the filter housing. This generates gaso-dynamic resistances to the air intake into the engine. The air filter housing and the intake air duct are often mounted in the engine compartment mainly where it fits better and less according to the air flow and noise reduction criteria. The paper aims to show the contribution of the restriction produced by the filter housing and the intake air duct to the total restriction produced by the air filtration system. Several air filtration systems from vehicles fitted with both spark-ignition engines and diesel engines are tested. The results show that the restriction produced by the intake air duct system as well as the air filter housing have a significant contribution to the total restriction produced by the air filtration system of a vehicle engine.

AN IMPROVED ARMORED VEHICLE KRAZ “FIONA” NOISE SILENCER

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Fedorov ◽  
Vasyl’ Yanovsky ◽  
Dmytro Kovalshuk
Keyword(s):  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Armored Vehicle

Ecological requirements for cars grow from year to year, both in the world as a whole, and in Ukraine in particular. This is especially true of noise pollution. Additionally, noise reduction becomes relevant, taking into account the conduct of military operations during the last 5 years on the territory of Ukraine. The war has caused a special need for military vehicles for which masking properties are vital. Noise is a serious disincentive factor. Therefore, its reduction for a military vehicle, apart from the environmental aspect, is of a purely military nature, that is, it is extremely important. The car has many sources of noise there are many ways to deal with them. One of the most powerful source of noise is the sleeping bag. This kind of noise is reduced by means of silencers of noise. The vast majority of silencer data in the basis of its design has a reactive (or resonant) muffler. To calculate the jet silencer you must know the speed of sound in the sleeping bags. In order to increase the acoustic efficiency of reactive and resonant mufflers of exhaust gases noise of the ICE of cars, an experimental method was proposed for determining the speed of sound in the sleighs. Implementation of the method is carried out by measuring the attenuation of acoustic waves. The noise level of the bedrooms is measured without silencer and silencer. Based on the data obtained, the noise reduction performance of the residual is established. From the well-known formula, based on the calculation of the efficiency of the silencing of a jet muffler, a formula is obtained for calculating the speed of sound in the sleeping quays. In this formula, all parameters are known: the level of silencer efficiency, the noise level of the sleeping, the ratio of areas of cross sections of the muffler and the inlet pipe and the length of the muffler. The sound speed thus established can continue to be used not only for engines of the type for which measurements and calculations were made, but also with a certain approximation for some other types of engines. This method provides high accuracy for determining the required parameter. In the given work on the example of the armored car KrAZ “Fiona” the calculation of efficiency increase of the reactive silencer is made due to the above-mentioned method. Also, the projected decrease in the external noise level of the KrAZ Armored Vehicle “Fiona” is considered by determining the speed of sound in the recesses on the trunk cycle on the road with acceleration up to speed of 50 km/h (75 km/h) and the movement with this speed, as well as when driving at a speed of 45 km/h. Keywords: transport, armored car, internal combustion engine, exhaust, exhaust gases, noise, source, acoustic efficiency, acoustic efficiency, speed of sound, jet muffler.

Analysis of pulsating flow measurement of engine exhaust by a Pitot tube flowmeter

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Nakamura ◽  
I Asano ◽  
M Adachi ◽  
J Senda
Keyword(s):  
Fast Response ◽  
Differential Pressure ◽  
Pulsating Flow ◽  
Pitot Tube ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Idle Speed ◽  
Pressure Transducers ◽  
Vehicle Engine ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Response Pressure

The Pitot tube flowmetering technique has been used to measure pulsating flow from a vehicle engine exhaust. In general, flowmetering techniques that utilize differential pressure measurements based on Bernoulli's theory are likely to show erroneous readings when measuring an average flowrate of pulsating flow. The primary reason for this is the non-linear relationship between the differential pressure and the flowrate; i.e. the flowrate is proportional to the square root of the differential pressure. Therefore, an average of the differential pressure does not give an average of pulsating flow. In this study, fast response pressure transducers have been used to measure the pulsating pressure. Then the pulsating differential pressure is converted to the flowrate while keeping the pulsation unaveraged. An average flowrate is then calculated in the flowrate domain in order to maintain linearity before and after averaging. The peak amplitude of a pulsation measured here was about 1800 L/min at an average flowrate of 70 L/min when the engine ran at idle speed. This measurement has been confirmed by measuring the pulsation with a gas analyser. The results show a large amount of back and forth gas movement in the exhaust tube. This magnitude of pulsation can cause as much as five times higher erroneous results with the pressure domain averaging when compared to a flowrate domain averaging.

REDUCTION OF EXTERNAL NOISE VEHICLE of SPAI “BOHDANA” ON THE BASIS OF THE KrAZ-63221 IMPROVED TWO-CHAMBER REACTIVE NOISE SILENCER

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Fedorov ◽  
Halyna Filipova ◽  
Vasyl Yanovsky
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
External Noise ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Military Vehicles ◽  
Internal Partition ◽  
Two Parameters

High-quality military equipment is a vital necessity for the independent state of Ukraine, especially in the conditions of aggravation of the situation at the front. One of the parameters that determines the quality of military vehicles is the level of external noise. The external noise of this type of car, in addition to the negative impact on human health (including the crew), is also an unmasking factor. In order to reduce the level of external noise of SPAI “Bogdan” on the basis of the chassis KrAZ-63221, the use of an advanced two-chamber jet muffler of the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine is proposed. The known two-chamber jet muffler of exhaust gases has a fixed internal partition. Its acoustic efficiency is described by a known formula. It is proposed to make the inner partition of the muffler movable. This need arises from the fact of constant changes in the speed of the engine crankshaft during the movement of the car. The change in the position of the inner partition is consistent with the change in the speed of the crankshaft, because these two processes are synchronized. The mathematical package IDL was used to analyze the known formula for the efficiency of a two-chamber jet exhaust muffler of an engine with a movable inner partition. Given the need to show the dependence of the efficiency of the muffler simultaneously on two parameters – the speed of the crankshaft and the position of the movable inner partition of the muffler – the method of color coding was chosen. The design of a two-chamber jet noise muffler developed for ACS “Bogdan” is given. As a result of introduction of the developed muffler noise reduction of level of external noise of the SPAI “Bogdan” on the basis of the chassis KrAZ-63221 car on 2–3,5 dBA in the range of speeds of movement of 45–85 km/h is forecasted.

An Analysis of Energy Flow in Diesel Engine on AVL-Boost

2021 ◽  
Vol 31.2 (149) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Useful Power ◽  
System Energy ◽  
Coolant System

Energy achieved by burning fuel in an internal combustion engine (ICE) is divided into several main parts such as useful power, heat transfer for coolant system, energy of exhaust gases and mechanical losses. A detailed analysis of the quantity and distribution of these components will be an essential basis in the study of ICE improvement. In this paper, the authors present the calculation of energy distribution on D243 diesel engine through simulation on AVL-Boost. The results showed that the average thermal efficiency of the ICE during all operating modes was 25.8%. The total energy transfer for the coolant system and the heat of exhaust gases is 63.54% and reaches maximum 103.7 kW in rated mode. The acquired results can be used as a research basis to improve the economics and technical aspects of ICE such as optimization of working conditions of coolant and lubricating systems. As well as calculate the equipment of turbocharger or systems that utilize energy of exhaust gases and cooling water.

scholarly journals High-accuracy Nanoparticle Sensor for Combustion Engine Exhaust Gases

2016 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kraft ◽  
J. Kaczynski ◽  
T. Reinisch ◽  
M. Unger ◽  
A. Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Gases

On the Pressure Relief Valve for the Lubrication System of an Internal Combustion Engine

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Giuffrida ◽  
Rosario Lanzafame
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Pressure Relief Valve ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Lubrication System ◽  
Relief Valve ◽  
Pressure Relief ◽  
Oil Flow

The lubrication system for automotive internal combustion engines consists of several components. Oil flow rate for lubrication is generated by a positive displacement pump equipped with a pressure relief valve, usually present in the casing of the pump to prevent high oil pressures building up in the system and to deliver to the sump the exceeding generated flow rate. This study focuses on the static and dynamic characteristics of the pressure relief valve with considerations about the stability of the overall system, according to design parameters of both the valve and the system itself.

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