The inflow of Foreign Remittances in Rural Punjab: The Determinants

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Portfolio Choice ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Illegal Migrants ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Migrant Households

In this paper, an attempt was made to analyze two issues relating to the inflow of remittances in the migrant households of rural Punjab. Firstly, the distribution pattern of remittances receiving migrant households as the volume of per household remittances. Secondly, causes of receiving different volumes of remittances by households. The results showed that in short to medium periods, remittances remained a stable and significant source of migrant’s household income. In the long term, as more migrants get legal status in the destination country, or their families join them, build their own houses, or start their businesses, they may revise their portfolio choice. The study also found that the high per capita domestic income of the migrant households back at home and the increased stay of the migrants in the destination countries negatively impact the inflow of households remittances. However, there was a positive relationship between the inflow of per household remittances and the number of family migrants abroad. Similarly, illegal migrants send more remittances than legal migrants. The migrants in developed countries send more remittances than migrants of developing countries. The study also found that altruism predominates as more remittances were received from children and spouses than other relatives. Keywords: Emigrants, illegal migrants, legal migrants, migrant households, remittances. JEL Codes: C32, F24, P16, R23

The Reproduction Vector of the Russian Economy: 1999-2007

2008 ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries

The problem of the Russian economy’s growth rates is considered in the article in the context of Russia’s backwardness regarding GDP per capita in comparison with the developed countries. The author stresses the urgency of modernization of the real sector of the economy and the recovery of the country’s human capital. For reaching these goals short- or mid-term programs are not sufficient. Economic policy needs a long-term (15-20 years) strategy, otherwise Russia will be condemned to economic inertia and multiplying structural disproportions.

Intergenerational Earnings Mobility in Italy

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sauro Mocetti
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Intergenerational Mobility ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Labor Market Success ◽  
Term Labor

Abstract This paper contributes to the growing number of studies on intergenerational mobility by providing a measure of earnings elasticity for Italy. The absence of an appropriate data set is overcome by adopting the two-sample two-stage least squares method. The analysis, based on the Survey of Household Income and Wealth, shows that intergenerational mobility is lower in Italy than it is in other developed countries. We also examine the reasons why the long-term labor market success of children is related to that of their fathers.

A theory of global economic growth in the very long-run: is a grand innovation slowdown inevitable?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (53) ◽  
pp. 175-188
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Gomulka
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Population ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Balanced Growth ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Global Economic Growth ◽  
Qualitative Changes

AbstractThe paper shows how the original semi endogenous and balanced growth model of Phelps (1966), and my extended version of it (Gomulka, 1990), could be useful in explaining the key ‘stylized facts’ of global long-term growth so far, and in predicting its dynamics in the future. During the last two centuries the sector of R&D and education, producing qualitative changes, has been expanding in the world’s most developed countries much faster than the sector producing conventional goods. The extended model is used to explore and evaluate. the consequences for the global long-term growth of the end of this unbalanced growth, of the completion of the catching up by most of the world’s less developed countries, and of the expected eventual stabilization of the size of the world population. The theory yields a thesis, new in the literature, that the rate of global per capita GDP growth will eventually return to the historically standard very low level, thus implying that the world’s technological revolution is going to be an innovation super-fluctuation.

scholarly journals Determinants of Urban Residential Water Demand in Libya

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5C) ◽  
pp. 847-856
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Price ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Residential Water

This article analyzes the effect of several economic, environmental and social determinants for the per capita demand for water in Libya. Besides prices, income and population size, the article reflects the impact of urban population size, the temperature, summer temperature, and precipitation. The article also explores why the current per capita residential water demand in the urban areas is about more than in the other areas in Libya. In this study, the econometric model based on E-views method, instrumental-variable procedures, the ARDL model and the demand equation are applied. The co-integration analysis has shown a significant positive effect of temperature on water demand over the short and long term with partial flexibility of long-term temperature (5.44). Also, there is a positive relationship between rainfall and water demand in the long term and its less impact in the short term. There is a significant positive relationship between urban population and water demand. The greater urban population is greater the water demand and vice versa, partial flexibility of the urban population in the long term is at 0.23. On the other hand, there is a significant negative effect of income on water demand. Therefore, water demand is inflexible to changes in income. The study demonstrated that there is a negative effect on water price in relation to water demand. The estimated long-term variable of water value is 220.98, indicates that if the water price increases by 100%, the demand for water will go down by 221%.

Economic Development and Institutional Change, 1950–1980

2018 ◽  
pp. 222-244
Author(s):  
Şevket Pamuk
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
World War ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Gdp Gap

This chapter explores how the decades after World War II were a period of rapid growth for Turkey. Despite the crises in the mid-1950s and in the second half of the 1970s, GDP per capita increased at an average annual rate above three percent and more than doubled during the period 1950–1980. These rates of growth were unprecedented for Turkey. The long-term rates of growth achieved in Turkey after World War II were roughly comparable to the averages for both the developed countries and developing countries as a whole. As a result, the per capita GDP gap between Turkey and the developed countries changed little during this period.

scholarly journals Economic Growth, Energy and Environmental Degradation Nexus: A Case Study in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Nawaz ◽  
Dr. Muhammad Azam ◽  
Hanzala Zulfiqar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Growth Energy ◽  
Bound Test

This study estimated the growth, energy and environmental degradation nexus in Pakistan by using time series data. The data have been taken from the World Bank for the year 1971 to 2011. The data analysis was done by using the approach of co-integration (ARDL bound test) to confirm the effective long-term positive relationship among carbon dioxide emissions, per capita income growth and the per capita income gap to monitor the trend of the Environmental Kuznets Curve in Pakistan. The results of the study showed that there is no evidence of a serial correlation between the variables in the discussion, but they have a long-term association. Energy usage and per capita real income, has a positive relationship with CO2 emissions. The study has concluded that there is an evidence of inverted U shaped EKC in Pakistan and this relationship varies with different types of pollutants and geographical regions. Initially, income has a positive relationship with CO2 emission but after the turning point, both have a negative relationship.

scholarly journals GDP and Economic Well-being: New Evidence from Selected Developed Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jafari Samimi
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Income ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Economic Well Being

GDP per capita often used in judgment about countries economic well-being, but any judgment based on it ignores some issues, therefore argues that a better index of economic well-being is IEWB (Index of Economic Well-being). Stevenson and Wolfers (2008), and Osberg and Sharpe (2001), mentioned that there is a positive relationship between GDP per capita and IEWB .in this paper we study a causal relationship between them; to this purpose we use the data of selected high income countries during 1980-2007.Finding shows that GDP is granger causal of IEWB except Norway that there aren’t any causal relationship between GDP and IEWB.

scholarly journals Startup ecosystem: the experience of Israel

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
N. P. Savina ◽  
E. A. Karpova
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Venture Capital ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Domestic Investments ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Stability

Israel is one of the most favorable countries for conducting entrepreneurial and innovative activities with the largest number of startups per capita. The article analyzes the culture of creating startups that has developed in Israel as a result of the state policy aimed at developing venture capital and attracting foreign TNCs to the country. Within the framework of this culture, startup projects are in most cases created with the aim of actively attracting funds and selling them to foreign companies as soon as possible to make a profit. However, this model poses a threat to the stability of the economy in the long term. There is a shortage of large stable companies in the country that are able to carry out domestic investments. Moreover, there is a leakage of the most popular and progressive technologies from the country, attention is paid more to the number of new startups and their capitalization, rather than rooting within the country. As a result, Israel is characterized by one of the lowest indicators of the level of technology development among developed countries. To ensure the long-term competitiveness of the country, reforms are needed aimed at retaining intellectual property within the country and its implementation in the branches of the national economy.

How do Neoclassical Growth Models Behave in Low-income Countries?

2020 ◽  
pp. 238-246
Author(s):  
Giovanni Andrea Cornia
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Multiple Equilibria ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Solow Model ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Neoclassical Growth

This chapter discusses the extent to which the neoclassical long-term growth models developed for the advanced economies are able to reproduce the developing countries’ long-term growth path, convergence with the advanced countries, and steady state equilibrium. To do so, the chapter assesses first whether the hypotheses at the basis of the original Solow model are verified in a prototypical developing country. It then lists the factors that explain the lack of convergence between the GDP per capita of developing and developed countries predicted by the Solow model, and the problems faced by low-income countries in exiting low-level equilibrium poverty traps. It then presents a modified Solow model characterized by multiple equilibria that fits the situation of less developed countries.

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