scholarly journals Aplicability of sap flow data in hydrological modeling

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
С.Ю. ЛУПАКОВ ◽  
Т.С. ГУБАРЕВА ◽  
В.В. ШАМОВ ◽  
А.В. РУБЦОВ ◽  
Б.И. ГАРЦМАН ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Flow Data ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Daily Evaporation

Статья содержит результаты моделирования стока малого речного бассейна в верховьях р. Уссури с использованием оригинальных данных о стволовом сокодвижении, пересчитанных в объем воды, транспирируемый древостоем. В теплый период 2019 г. на территории Верхнеуссурийского стационара ФНЦ биоразнообразия наземной биоты Восточной Азии ДВО РАН проведен комплекс наблюдений за компонентами влагооборота, позволивший накопить необходимый массив данных для гидрологического моделирования. В дополнение к традиционным водно-балансовым измерениям проводился мониторинг транспирации на основе системы датчиков регистрации водотока в стволах деревьев. Полученные данные точечных наблюдений распространены на масштаб водосбора (площадь около 3.1 км2). Показано, что в теплых и сухих условиях объем суточного суммарного испарения с малого речного бассейна может достигать 8.5 тыс. м3, что больше объема речного стока за тот же период в 5–6 раз, а во время выпадения дождей транспирация деревьев уменьшается практически до нуля. Для расчета водного баланса изучаемого объекта использована гидрологическая модель HBV (Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning). Ряды суточной потенциальной эвапотранспирации, рассчитанные на основе широко используемых методов Пенмана-Монтейса и Одина, применены в HBV как входные данные. Расчетные суточные значения испарения, по сравнению с полученными на основе данных стволового сокодвижения, оказались выше в 1.5–2 раза, разница сумм испарения за весь теплый период года достигает слоя 100 мм и более. При этом надежной связи между расчетными значениями суточного испарения и измерениями не было обнаружено. Сделан вывод, что использование приборных данных о стволовом сокодвижении в составе входных переменных в гидрологическую модель повышает качество расчетов стока. The article deals with the experience of applying an alternative method for quantifying evapotranspiration volume as input to the hydrological model to simulate runoff of a small catchment located in the upper reaches of the Ussuri River. In the warm period of 2019 at the territory of the Verkhneussuriyskiy station of the Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity (FEB RAS), a set of field measurements was carried out. The measured data were used to calibrate the HBV hydrological model (Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning). In addition to traditional water-balance measurements, there was assessed the evapotranspiration rate based on sap flow measurements eliminating other parts of water losses. The Tissue Heat Balance technique was applied to measure a sap flow in some individual trees. After that, the obtained data were scaled up to the catchment area (3.1 km2). It is shown that in warm and dry weather conditions, the volume of daily total evaporation from a small catchment can reach 8.5 ths.m3 that is 5-6 times more than the river runoff volume over the same period. During the rainfall events, the transpiration rate in trees decreases to almost zero. To compare the obtained results with the modelled ones, the potential evapotranspiration was also calculated based on well-known Penman-Monteith’s and L. Oudin’s methods that forced HBV model as input. Based on hydrological simulations, these methods overestimated the actual daily evaporation volume up to 2 times in comparison with the sap flow data, and the difference for the warm season reaches 100 mm and more. No reliable relationship was found between the calculated values of daily evaporation rate and the conventionally “measured” ones. Basically, runoff simulations quality was improved while using evapotranspiration volume assessed with the sap flow data. We conclude that water balance via HBV simulations is quite different depending on applied evapotranspiration method. In this case, overestimated volume of evapotranspiration by Penman-Monteith and L. Oudin methods leads to excessive water extraction from the HBV soil moisture storage. If it’s actually not correct, long-term runoff simulations would result in wrong water balance and error accumulation.

scholarly journals CATCHMENT RUNOFF MODELING APPLYING SAP FLOW DATA (CASE OF THE UPPER USSURI RIVER)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.Ю. Лупаков ◽  
Т.С. Губарева ◽  
В.В. Шамов ◽  
А.В. Рубцов ◽  
Б.И. Гарцман ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sap Flow ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Flow Data ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Field Observation Data ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Daily Evaporation ◽  
Sap Flow Measurements

Представлены результаты использования данных полевых наблюдений для моделирования речного стока малого водосбора в верховьях р.Уссури. В качестве входного потока данных в гидрологическую модель HBV об эвапотранспирации применены оригинальные данные о стволовом сокодвижении, пересчитанные в объем влаги, транспирируемого древостоем. Показано, что расчетные методы определения эвапотранспирации (Пенмана-Монтейса и Л.Одина) завышают оценки испарения: разница с данными стволового сокодвижения достигает 100 мм слоя за теплый период. Надежной связи между расчетными значениями суточного испарения и измерениями не обнаружено. Выявлено повышение качества расчетов стока при использовании данных стволового сокодвижения в качестве входного потока в гидрологическую модель. The results of applying the field observation data for hydrological modeling in the Upper Ussuri river are presented. The original data of sap flow measurements (recalculated to the evapotranspiration volume of forest stand) was used as input to the HBV model. It is shown that the calculation methods for determining evapotranspiration (Penman-Monteith and L.Oudin) overestimate the daily evaporation volume. In comparison with sap flow data difference reach 100 mm during the warm period. No reliable relationship was found between the calculated values of daily evaporation and measurements. An increase in the quality of runoff calculations is reported while using data from stem sap flow as an input to a hydrological model.

Influence of tree transpiration on mass water balance of mixed mountain forests of the West Carpathians

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Střelcová ◽  
Jozef Minďáš ◽  
Jaroslav Škvarenina
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Tree Transpiration ◽  
Precipitation Total ◽  
Beech Stand ◽  
Snow Precipitation

AbstractBrief information about water balance of the Carpathian temperate forest ecosystem are presented in the paper. Experimental research was done in a mature mixed fir-spruce-beech stand in the research plot “Pol’ana-Hukavský grúň” (850 m a.s.l.) in the south-eastern part of Pol’ana Mts. in the Biosphere Reserve UNESCO in Central Slovakia. Individual parameters of water budget have been continuously monitored. The water consumption of the model beech trees, as well as approximate model beech stand transpiration was estimated on the basis of sap flow measurements and up-scaling through dendrometrical approach. Sap flow of model beech trees was estimated by direct, non-destructive and continuous measurements by tree-trunk heat balance method with internal heating and sensing of temperature. These values were compared with potential evapotranspiration according to Türc. Precipitation parameters (rain and snow precipitation, through-fall precipitation, stem-flow, fog/snow precipitation and infiltration) have been measured simultaneously. Results of mass water balance and the portion of the tree transpiration within the individual water flows are presented. Evapotranspiration of beech-fir forest ecosystem in the middle mountain region (850 m a.s.l.) includes: transpiration (35% of precipitation total), interception (21%), evaporation (8%). There are differences between tree species in mass of transpirated water. Transpiration of spruce and fir reaches two-thirds of beech transpiration. Fog precipitation contribution to the water balance of beech-fir stand is 5%. Concurrently fog precipitation lowers the interception losses of vertical precipitation.

scholarly journals A conceptual glacio-hydrological model for high mountainous catchments

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 95-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Schaefli ◽  
B. Hingray ◽  
M. Niggli ◽  
A. Musy
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
Times Series ◽  
Mountainous Catchments ◽  
Daily Discharge

Abstract. In high mountainous catchments, the spatial precipitation and therefore the overall water balance is generally difficult to estimate. The present paper describes the structure and calibration of a semi-lumped conceptual glacio-hydrological model for the joint simulation of daily discharge and annual glacier mass balance that represents a better integrator of the water balance. The model has been developed for climate change impact studies and has therefore a parsimonious structure; it requires three input times series - precipitation, temperature and potential evapotranspiration - and has 7 parameters to calibrate. A multi-signal approach considering daily discharge and - if available - annual glacier mass balance has been developed for the calibration of these parameters. The model has been calibrated for three different catchments in the Swiss Alps having glaciation rates between 37% and 52%. It simulates well the observed daily discharge, the hydrological regime and some basic glaciological features, such as the annual mass balance.

scholarly journals Differences in the water-balance components of four lakes in the southern-central Tibetan Plateau

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Biskop ◽  
F. Maussion ◽  
P. Krause ◽  
M. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Model Output ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Nam Co ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Closed Lake

Abstract. The contrasting patterns of lake-level fluctuations across the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are indicators of differences in the water balance over the TP. However, little is known about the key hydrological factors controlling this variability. The purpose of this study is to contribute to a more quantitative understanding of these factors for four selected lakes in the southern-central part of the TP: Nam Co and Tangra Yumco (increasing water levels), and Mapam Yumco and Paiku Co (stable or slightly decreasing water levels). We present the results of an integrated approach combining hydrological modeling, atmospheric-model output and remote-sensing data. The J2000g hydrological model was adapted and extended according to the specific characteristics of closed-lake basins on the TP and driven with High Asia Refined analysis (HAR) data at 10 km resolution for the period 2001–2010. Differences in the mean annual water balances among the four basins are primarily related to higher precipitation totals and attributed runoff generation in the Nam Co and Tangra Yumco basins. Precipitation and associated runoff are the main driving forces for inter-annual lake variations. The glacier-meltwater contribution to the total basin runoff volume (between 14 and 30 % averaged over the 10-year period) plays a less important role compared to runoff generation from rainfall and snowmelt in non-glacierized land areas. Nevertheless, using a hypothetical ice-free scenario in the hydrological model, we indicate that ice-melt water constitutes an important water-supply component for Mapam Yumco and Paiku Co, in order to maintain a state close to equilibrium, whereas the water balance in the Nam Co and Tangra Yumco basins remains positive under ice-free conditions. These results highlight the benefits of linking hydrological modeling with atmospheric-model output and satellite-derived data, and the presented approach can be readily transferred to other data-scarce closed lake basins, opening new directions of research. Future work should go towards a better assessment of the model-chain uncertainties, especially in this region where observation data are scarce.

scholarly journals Variability of Hydrological Parameters and Water Balance Components in Small Catchment in Croatia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidija Tadić ◽  
Tamara Dadić ◽  
Marija Leko-Kos
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Partial Sums ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Hydrological Hazards ◽  
Great Pressure

Analysis of small catchment area in Croatian lowland with its hydrological characteristics in the period between 1981 and 2014 was carried out in order to define significance of change in hydrological and meteorological parameters (precipitation, air temperatures, and discharges) and water balance components (deep percolation and potential evapotranspiration). There was no significant land use change in the observed period, so all changes in hydrological processes can be considered to be without human impact in the last 35 years. Application of RAPS (Rescaled Adjusted Partial Sums) on all data series distinguished two subperiods with different length but the same behaviour. The first subperiod was a period characterised by the decrease, starting in 1980 and finishing between 1991 and 1995, while the second one was a period characterised by the increase of parameters in all analyses, starting between 1991 and 1995 and finishing in 2001. In comparison to the analysis of climate change impacts per decade, this approach is much more appropriate and gives insight into variations throughout the entire observed period. The most variable but not significant parameters are precipitation and discharges, especially in the second subperiod which has a major impact on occurrence of hydrological hazards such as droughts and floods and makes great pressure and responsibility on water management system.

scholarly journals Evapotranspiration in high alpine catchments – an important part of the water balance!

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Herrnegger ◽  
Hans-Peter Nachtnebel ◽  
Thomas Haiden
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
North Central ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Alpine Catchments

In this paper the third water balance component, the actual evapotranspiration (ETA), is analysed. Although evapotranspiration rates decrease with increasing altitude, it can be concluded that substantial quantitative differences are found among temperature and energy balance-based techniques for estimating the ETA. The objective of this study is to apply a distributed and continuous hydrological model and to utilise standard meteorological datasets with a high spatio-temporal resolution (1 km2 and 60 min) to estimate the evapotranspiration in high Alpine Austrian catchments. Compared with the Hargreaves and Thornthwaite methods the ASCE-Penman-Monteith approach yields substantially higher potential evapotranspiration (ETP) rates, with basin-values up to 24% higher compared with the temperature-based methods. The decrease of ETP with elevation ranges from 6 to 26 mm per 100 m. The ETA rates differ up to 15%, with a decrease of 18–28 mm per 100 m. About 30% of the annual precipitation is evaporated and this implies that even larger correction factors of precipitation are required to satisfy the runoff. The method is demonstrated in basins in the north central Austrian Alps.

scholarly journals A conceptual glacio-hydrological model for high mountainous catchments

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Schaefli ◽  
B. Hingray ◽  
M. Niggli ◽  
A. Musy
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
Times Series ◽  
Mountainous Catchments ◽  
Daily Discharge

Abstract. In high mountainous catchments, the spatial precipitation and therefore the overall water balance is generally difficult to estimate. The present paper describes the structure and calibration of a semi-lumped conceptual glacio-hydrological model for the joint simulation of daily discharge and annual glacier mass balance that represents a better integrator of the water balance. The model has been developed for climate change impact studies and has therefore a parsimonious structure; it requires three input times series – precipitation, temperature and potential evapotranspiration – and has 7 parameters to calibrate. A multi-signal approach considering daily discharge and – if available – annual glacier mass balance has been developed for the calibration of these parameters. The model has been calibrated for three different catchments in the Swiss Alps having glaciation rates between 37% and 52%. It simulates well the observed daily discharge, the hydrological regime and some basic glaciological features, such as the annual mass balance.

scholarly journals Calibration of the hydrological model GR4J from potential evapotranspiration estimates by the Penman-Monteith and Oudin methods in the Ouémé watershed (West Africa)

2020 ◽  
Vol 383 ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
Domiho Japhet Kodja ◽  
Arsène J. Sègla Akognongbé ◽  
Ernest Amoussou ◽  
Gil Mahé ◽  
E. Wilfrid Vissin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. The Ouémé watersheds at Bétérou and Bonou has been recently facing increased sensitivity to extreme hydroclimatic phenomena that occurred by flooding or drought events. In the same time, the population growth and the related socio-economic activities increased the pressure state on water resources. In this context, hydrological modeling is an important issue and this study aims at analyzing the calibration of the hydrological model GR4J based on PET Penman-Monteith and Oudin methods. Daily rainfall, Penman-Monteith and Oudin evapotranspiration and daily data flow from the Bétérou and Bonou hydrometric stations on the Ouémé Basin have been implemented in the GR4J model over the period 1971 to 2010. Oudin PET values are slightly higher than the Penman-Monteith PET ones. However, the difference between the two PET methods have only few impacts on the optimization and performance criteria of the GR4J model. The Nash values ranges from 0.83 to 0.91 in Bonou, and 0.52 to 0.70 in Bétérou for the calibration in dry period, while in validation, they are 0.59 to 0.78 in Bétérou, and 0.56 to 0.88 in Bonou in wet season. In view of these results, with the two PET methods used which do not result from the same climatic variables, it should be said that the formulation of PET has only few impacts on the results of GR4J for these tropical basins.

scholarly journals Water dynamics in a laurel montane cloud forest in the Garajonay National Park (Canary Islands, Spain)

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1065-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. García-Santos ◽  
M. V. Marzol ◽  
G. Aschan
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
National Park ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Laurel Forest ◽  
Stand Transpiration

Abstract. Field measurements from February 2003 to January 2004 in a humid (but dry in summer) crest heath wood-land (degraded laurel forest) in the National Park of Garajonay, Canary Islands (Spain), were combined to calculate water balance components. The water balance domain is at the surface of the catchment and is controlled by atmospheric processes and vegetation. This study found that annual water income (rainfall plus fog water) was 1440 mm year-1, half of which was occult (or fog) precipitation, while stand transpiration estimated from measurements of sap flow amounted, annually, to 40% of potential evapotranspiration calculated from measurements of meteorological variables. The positive role of crest laurel forests, which transpire less water than is incoming from rain and fog is emphasised. Keywords: laurel forest, fog interception, stand transpiration, sap flow, hydrological cycle

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