scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE FREQUENCY OF DANGEROUS HYDROLOGICAL EVENTS IN THE COASTAL ZONE OF THE FAR EAST DUE TO FLOODING

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.В. Горбатенко
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Far East ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Frequency Magnitude

Рассматривались опасные гидрологические явления, связанные с высокими уровнями воды. На основе данных по 85 створам наблюдений за стоком на малых, средних и крупных реках прибрежной зоны Дальнего Востока за 2008-18 гг. проведена оценка максимальных (наивысших) годовых уровней воды. Рассчитаны внутригодовые средние и максимальные, а также межгодовые амплитуды колебаний уровней воды по каждому из створов. Проведена оценка наивысших уровней воды на основе критерия опасности - превышения значений уровней отметки опасного явления, определяемых территориальными подразделениями Росгидромета. Оценивались такие характеристики как частота, степень, а также генезис этого события. Выявлены территории региона, где опасные гидрологические события наблюдаются наиболее часто или являются наиболее сильными. Dangerous hydrological events associated with high water levels were considered. The maximum annual water levels were estimated on the basis of data from 85 stations of runoff observations on small, medium and large rivers in the coastal zone of the Far East in 2008-18. The intra-annual average and maximum, as well as inter-annual amplitudes of water level fluctuations were calculated. The maximum water levels were assessed with such hazard criterion as exceeding of the dangerous phenomenon value determined by the territorial divisions of the Federal Hydrometeorological Service. The following characteristics as the frequency, magnitude and genesis of this events were evaluated. The territories of the region with frequent or severe dangerous hydrological events are identified.

scholarly journals Gastrocopta armigerella (Reinhardt, 1877) and Gastrocopta theeli (Westerlund, 1877) in western Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan, and their further occurrence in Asia (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pupilloidea)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 807 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Stefan Meng ◽  
Ulrich Bößneck
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
High Water ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Western India ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Water Line ◽  
River Floodplains ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Western Asia

Gastrocoptaarmigerella (Reinhardt, 1877) has been described from Japan and is widespread in the Far East and China. Surprisingly, a few occurrences in central and western Asia have also become known. Forcart (1935) found G.armigerella in northern Iran. The authors found evidence of G.armigerella in western Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan. The form from northern Tajikistan described by Schileyko (1984) as G.huttoniana agrees morphologically with G.armigerella as well. Gastrocoptahuttoniana is known from western India and the Himalayan region. The evidence of G.armigerella from central and western Asia has come thus far from drift material at the high water line in river floodplains which suggests that these are sub-fossil or fossil shells (Holocene or Pleistocene) which have been relocated. No living example of Gastrocopta has been found there as yet. Possibly the species is now extinct in this region. Gastrocoptatheeli (Westerlund, 1877) is the most widespread Gastrocopta in Eurasia. Its area ranges from the Caucasus to the Far East. The findings reported here are the first for this species in western Tien Shan.

scholarly journals Water Level Fluctuations in the Turawa Reservoir in Relation to the Tourist Use of the Water Body

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Andrzej T. Jankowski ◽  
Marek Ruman
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Water Body ◽  
High Water ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Odra River ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Abstract The aim of the paper is to assess the fluctuations of water levels in the Turawa Reservoir (50° 43’ N, 18° 08’ E) in relation to the tourist use of the water body. The reservoir is situated within the macroregion of the Silesian Lowland in the mesoregion of the Opole Plain. In administrative terms, the reservoir is situated in the pole Province within the borough of Turawa. In hydrological terms, in turn, it is situated in the catchment area of the Mała Panew river, which belongs to the basin of the Odra river. The Turawa Reservoir was opened for use in 1938, and in 1948 it was filled with water to its maximum for the first time. At present, the surface area of the reservoir, when it is filled with water to its maximum, is about 20.8 km2, its volume 99.5 mln m3, and its depth exceeds 13 meters. In the period of hydrological years 1976-2000 water levels in this reservoir were characterized by high, unnoticed in natural conditions, amplitudes of changes reaching 6.99 m. Anthropogenically stimulated fluctuations in the water level result in conflicts in terms of tasks and functions that the Turawa Reservoir was designed for. Changes in the level of the water surface in the Turawa Reservoir resulted from the impact of the natural factors (thaw and rainfall related high water levels), as well as anthropogenic ones (the need to improve sailing conditions, water supply for industrial and municipal needs). Decreasing the fluctuations of water levels in the Turawa Reservoir is necessary in order to maintain its tourist-recreational functions and keep the ecological condition of its waters at the appropriate level.

scholarly journals Assessment of the effect of vegetation on the transition of the flood wave using hydraulic 2D models

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00195
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Wolski ◽  
Tomasz Tyminski ◽  
Pawel B. Dabek
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Flood Wave ◽  
Mike Flood ◽  
Flood Model ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Flooded Area

In the paper an impact of vegetation accumulation on flood wave transition is presented. The research was conducted with use of the MIKE FLOOD model which combines elements of 1D and 2D numerical models. The study area included a 5.5 km long section of the Bystrzyca River near Wroclaw, Poland. A hydraulic model was constructed, on which the simulation of water transition with the probability of occurrence p = 1% and p = 0.2% was conducted. The simulation was carried out for current bank vegetation conditions determined on the basis of precise LIDAR data and for conditions with no vegetation. In this way, the direct impact of vegetation on flood wave transition was obtained. Acquired results, a decrease in maximum water levels and a reduction of flooded area, show that the hydraulic influence of vegetation on high water bed should not be underestimated.

ASSESSMENT OF THE RIVERS’ MAXIMUM RUNOFF IN THE COASTAL TERRITORY OF PRIMORSKY REGION IN THE VIEW OF FLOODS HAZARD

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
L. Gorbatenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Maximum Runoff ◽  
Coast Region

The temporal patterns and spatial features of the maximum runoff in the coastal territory of Primorsky Region in view of the floods hazard for the period from the beginning of observations to 2018, are considered. The indicator of exceeding the hazardous water level, determined by the territorial divisions of the Hydrometeorology Department of the Russian Federation, used as a criterion for identifying the most flood-prone areas. Except for the Kazachka river, all the considered watercourses are characterized by the predominance of supreme value of runoff in summer-autumn season. There is no dependence between the amplitudes of intra-annual average daily, inter-annual fluctuations of the maximum water levels and the morphometric characteristics of catchments for the rivers on the coast of Primorsky Region. But generally it is obvious that amplitudes grow with increasing a river size. The temporal dynamics of the absolute values of the maximum runoff, its anomalies and long-term water cycles of the rivers in the coastal zone of Primorsky Region are not synchronous, except for a group of neighboring rivers on the east coast, as well as the Razdolnaya river in three gaging stations. The rivers of the coast region are characterized by a complex spatial differentiation of hazardous phenomena associated with high water levels. Their recurrence differs on closely located rivers. An increase in the frequency of floods in recent years has been observed only on certain rivers as the Razdolnaya river at Novogeorgievka settlement and the Rakovka river at Opyitny settlement. The territories of the catchments of the Razdolnaya, Borisovka and Tsukanovka rivers are exposed to the greatest threats of exceeding the hazardous water levels

scholarly journals Future Precipitation Patterns in the Lake Victoria Basin Using CMIP6 Projections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obed M. Ogega ◽  
Enrico Scoccimarro ◽  
Hussen S. Endris ◽  
Maurice Nyadawa ◽  
James Mbugua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Lake Victoria Basin ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Precipitation Patterns ◽  
Enhanced Production

In late/early 2019/2020, unprecedented high-water-levels were observed in Lake Victoria causing massive flooding in the low-lying lake-adjacent areas and disrupting human and natural systems in the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB). The high lake water-level coincided with unusually heavy and prolonged 2019 June to December precipitation in the LVB. The current study estimates future precipitation patterns over the LVB using HighResMIP and ScenarioMIP general circulation model (GCM) simulations from the 6th phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Results show that HighResMIP and ScenarioMIP simulations can adequately reproduce LVB’s precipitation patterns – albeit with location-specific biases. Generally, the GCM simulations tend to over-estimate precipitation patterns over Lake Victoria while under-estimating precipitation patterns over the lake-adjacent areas. Projections show significant future precipitation changes over the LVB relative to the 1970-1999 baseline, with more pronounced changes over the lake than in lake-adjacent areas. Overall, mean annual precipitation is projected to increase by about 18% and 31% by the end of the century, under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, respectively. Additionally, mean daily precipitation intensity (SDII) is projected to increase by up-to 14% while the maximum 5-day precipitation values (RX5Day) increase by up-to 71% under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. Heavy precipitation events, represented by the width of the right tail distribution of precipitation (99p-90p), are projected to increase by 50% and 94% under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, respectively. Given that direct precipitation accounts for about 80% of Lake Victoria’s water budget, the lake’s future water-level fluctuations are likely to be more rampant and unpredictable under the changing climate. Hence, enhanced production and use of climate services is recommended to minimize the risk posed by potentially high water-level fluctuations in Lake Victoria and, ultimately, enhance the socio-economic safety of communities in the LVB.

scholarly journals Tectonic Origin Tsunami Scenario Database for the Marmara Region

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceren Ozer Sozdinler ◽  
Ocal Necmioglu ◽  
H. Basak Bayraktar ◽  
Nurcan M. Ozel
Keyword(s):  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Numerical Code ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Marmara Sea ◽  
Earthquake Scenarios ◽  
Historical Tsunami ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Scenario Database

Abstract. This study presents the first tsunami scenario database in Marmara Sea, Turkey referring to 30 different earthquake scenarios obtained with the combinations of 32 possible fault segments. The fault mechanisms in Marmara Sea have been studied in detail within FP-7 MARSite project, which were derived from various databases and literature review. Tsunami simulations have been performed according to these defined 30 earthquake scenarios by tsunami numerical code NAMI DANCE (NAMIDANCE, 2011) which solves Nonlinear Shallow Water Equations (NLSWE) using leap-frog scheme. For each earthquake scenario, tsunami hydrodynamic parameters, mainly maximum water surface elevations, arrival time of first wave and maximum wave, and water level fluctuations were calculated at 1333 synthetic gauge points meticulously selected along the coasts of Marmara Sea. The overall simulation results indicate that maximum expected wave heights due to these earthquake scenarios are between 1 m and 2 m and even more than 2 m at some locations along Marmara coasts, such as Kadikoy, Halic and Silivri coasts in Istanbul and Bayramdere and Kursunlu districts along the coasts of Bursa province. The estimated maximum water levels at Bostanci, Pendik and Buyukada coasts in Istanbul, Cinarcik and Bandirma towns and at the entrance of Izmit Bay would reach up to 2 m. Tekirdag coasts and Buyuk Cekmece and Bakirkoy coasts in Istanbul and Yalova coasts would experience maximum tsunami wave amplitudes around 1.5 m. The waves reach up to 1 m at Izmit and Gemlik Bays, Erdek Peninsula and Marmara Island. The overwiew of the results reveal that higher historical tsunami wave heights observed in Marmara Sea cannot be explained by only earthquake-generated tsunamis. Therefore, there is strong agreement on considering submarine landslides as the primary tsunami hazard component in the Marmara Sea as experienced during history and expected in the future.

scholarly journals Water level influences on body condition of Geophagus brasiliensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in a Brazilian oligotrophic reservoir

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Filippo Gonzalez Neves dos Santos ◽  
Luciano Neves dos Santos ◽  
Francisco Gerson Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Somatic Development ◽  
Geophagus Brasiliensis

Effects of water level fluctuations on body condition of Geophagus brasiliensis were studied in a 30 km² Brazilian oligotrophic reservoir. Physiological condition (K) and gonadosomatic index (GSI) were compared according to water level (low and high). Females' best conditions were associated to higher resources availability during high water, since gonad development did not change between low and high water. Males' condition did not change between water levels, while the highest gonad development occurred in low water. Females presented higher reproductive investment than males, which allocated most of energy for somatic development. This strategy could be a mechanism to undergo the stress caused by oligotrophic characteristics of the reservoir enhanced during low water level.

Assessment of different worst-case flood scenarios for Planinsko Polje (Slovenia)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Mayaud ◽  
Franci Gabrovšek ◽  
Matej Blatnik ◽  
Blaž Kogovšek ◽  
Metka Petrič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Simultaneous Reduction ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Flood Duration ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Drainage Capacity ◽  
Extreme Flooding ◽  
Near Future

<p>Planinsko Polje is a typical example of structural polje located in South Slovenia that encounters regular flooding. The floods can occur several time per year and create a more than 10 km<sup>2</sup> large temporary lake. Even if the polje surroundings are densely populated, local people have known since centuries the average level reached by the majority of the floods and avoided constructing below it. However, the occurrence of severe events with maximum water levels far above common values is still possible. While such floods are unusual, they can last for months and drastically affect the life in the polje vicinity. As recent climatic projections expect an increase of extreme meteorological events in a near future, a resulting increase of severe floods in Planinsko Polje might be foreseen. This work aims to investigate the circumstances under which extreme flooding is occurring in Planinsko Polje. The method combines an analysis of historical flood records with a detailed description of five particular high-water events that happened during the last ten years. Then, different worst-case flood scenarios are proposed and tested with a discretized numerical model. The significance of maximum water levels and flood duration arising from modelling results is discussed in light with historical records of extreme floods. Results show that very-high flooding in Planinsko Polje is the consequence of a simultaneous reduction of the ponor drainage capacity with a combination of extreme meteorological events occurring within the polje recharge areas, while the aquifer downstream is already saturated with water. The method has practical applications for people living near Planinsko Polje and can be generalized to other poljes around the world.</p>

scholarly journals INERTIA OF MARINE ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN THE TERRITORIAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS OF PACIFIC RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Мошков
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Far Eastern

Морехозяйственные виды деятельности всегда играли ключевую роль в формировании и развитии территориально-производственных систем Дальнего Востока России. Такие виды деятельности, как рыбное хозяйство, морской транспорт, судостроение и судоремонт и др. возникли на территории Дальнего Востока в результате хозяйственного использования благоприятных экономико-географических факторов – богатые природные ресурсы акватории (биологические и топливные), выгодное и во многом уникальное географическое положение, наличие в береговой зоне удобных бухт и заливов. Влияние «морских» факторов на экономику прибрежных территорий Дальнего Востока привело к формированию здесь особых аква-территориальных производственных систем, функционирование которых особым образом влияет на развитие всей экономики субъектов Дальневосточного федерального округа (ДФО). Это позволяет выделить на территории Дальнего Востока особый регион – Тихоокеанскую Россию, в состав которой включаются не только прибрежные субъекты, но и континентальные регионы, тяготеющие к морской транспортной инфраструктуре ДФО. В прибрежной зоне Тихоокеанской России формируются подзоны морехозяйственной активности – «северная» и «южная», которые различаются географическими, природно-ресурсными и социально-экономическими условиями ведения хозяйственной деятельности. При этом, отмечается инерционность развития морехозяйственных звеньев структуры территориально—производственных систем, которые образуют особые локальные «опорные базы морехозяйственной деятельности» в прибрежных субъектах ДФО. Marine economic activities always played a key role in the formation and development of territorial production systems of the Russian Far East. Such activities as fishing, marine transport, shipbuilding, and ship repair, etc. emerged on the territory of the Far East as a result of the economic use of favorable economic - geographical factors, i.e. rich natural resources of the water area (biological and fuel), favorable and in many ways a unique geographical location, the presence of convenient bays, and the bays in the coastal zone. The effect of the "sea" factors on the economy of the coastal areas of the Far East led to the formation of special aqua-territorial production systems, the functioning of which has a specific effect on the development of the entire economy of the Far Eastern Federal district (FEFD). This makes it possible to distinguish a special region in the Far East – Pacific Russia, which includes not only coastal subjects, but also continental regions, which tend to the maritime transport infrastructure of the Far Eastern Federal District. In the coastal zone of Pacific Russia, the sub-zones of marine economic activity are formed – "northern" and "southern", which differ in the geographical, natural-resource, and socio-economic conditions of economic activity. At the same time, inertia of the development of marine economic links in the structure of territorial production systems, which form special local "support bases of marine economic activity" in the coastal subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, has been noted.

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