A MAC PROTOCOL FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND FAST EMERGENCY MEDICAL JUDGMENT IN WIRELESS BODY SENSOR NETWORKS

Emergency data collected from sensor nodes widely distributed in wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs) are delivered to medical staff as quickly as possible, so patients’ lives can be saved through appropriate actions and treatments. However, relevant data and vital data may be required for appropriate actions by the medical staff. Therefore, all these data must be properly delivered to the medical staff within the set time. In this paper, we propose a MAC protocol with a reservation function and an operation frame extension function to extend the overall network lifetime by reducing the energy consumption of given sensor nodes and quickly deliver information to medical systems in case of emergency. This MAC protocol makes it possible to achieve fast transmission of related data by utilizing the related-priority slots. As a result of the experiment, the transmission delay was reduced by about 12.5%, and the lifetime was increased by approximately 19% over the existing MAC protocol. It also can be seen that the proposed MAC protocol works well in an environment where emergency events often occur.

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An energy efficient implementation of on-demand MAC protocol in medical Wireless Body Sensor Networks

2009 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems ◽

10.1109/iscas.2009.5118457 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Xiaoyu Zhang ◽

Hanjun Jiang ◽

Xinkai Chen ◽

Lingwei Zhang ◽

Zhihua Wang

Keyword(s):

Sensor Networks ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Mac Protocol ◽

Efficient Implementation ◽

Body Sensor Networks ◽

On Demand ◽

Wireless Body Sensor Networks

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SPINE-BASED APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT ON HETEROGENEOUS WIRELESS BODY SENSOR NETWORKS

International Journal of Computing ◽

10.47839/ijc.9.1.701 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 80-89

Author(s):

Giancarlo Fortino ◽

Stefano Galzarano ◽

Roberta Giannantonio ◽

Raffaele Gravina ◽

Antonio Guerrieri

Keyword(s):

Sensor Networks ◽

Recognition System ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Physical Contact ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Body Sensor Networks ◽

Application Development ◽

Wide Range ◽

Ubiquitous And Pervasive Computing ◽

Wireless Body Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a novel technology enabling new classes of applications and systems for ubiquitous and pervasive computing. In particular, WSNs for the human body, also known as Wireless Body Sensor Networks (WBSNs), will enable not only continuous, multi-purpose monitoring of people but also will support social interaction among people coming into physical contact. In these contexts, applications demand a wide range of functionalities, in terms of sensor types, processing performance, communication capabilities. Moreover the development of such applications has to deal with the issue of handling heterogeneous WBSNs since different kinds of sensor node architectures could be necessary to fulfill all the application requirements. This paper proposes an approach based on the SPINE frameworks (SPINE1.x and SPINE2) for the programming of signal processing applications on heterogeneous wireless sensor platforms. In particular, two integrable approaches based on the proposed frameworks are described that allow the development of applications for WBSNs constituted by heterogeneous sensor nodes. The approaches are exemplified through a human activity recognition system based on a WBSN composed of two types of sensor nodes, heterogeneous with respect to base software and hardware.

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Synchronization in wireless biomedical-sensor networks with Bluetooth Low Energy

Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.1515/cdbme-2015-0019 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 73-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

André Bideaux ◽

Bernd Zimmermann ◽

Stefan Hey ◽

Wilhelm Stork

Keyword(s):

Sensor Networks ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Low Energy ◽

Time Difference ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Body Sensor Networks ◽

Average Delay ◽

Bluetooth Low Energy ◽

Transmission Delays ◽

Wireless Body Sensor Networks

AbstractBluetooth Low Energy (BLE) has reduced the energy consumption for sensor nodes drastically. One major reason for this improvement is a non-continuous connection between the nodes. But this causes also a nondeterministic data transmission time. Most synchronization protocols are influenced by this characteristic, with the result of less accuracy. In wireless body sensor networks this accuracy is often of vital importance. Therefore this paper evaluates different synchronization principles customized for BLE.For the evaluation measurements we used two BLE modules connected to one micro controller. This setup allowed us to calculate the error directly for the different principles. First we measured the send-receive time as a reference which influences most synchronization protocols. This time is directly affected by random transmission delays of BLE. Second we used the time difference between receiving and acknowledging a message as principle (A). The last principle (B) can only be used between nodes that use BLE that don’t require a constant connection, because it needs to connect and disconnect the nodes. After a new connection the “connected” events occur in the BLE nodes almost at the same time and can be used for synchronization. The reference measurement showed the worst results. The average delay was 4.76 ms with a standard deviation of 2.32 ms. Principle (A) showed average delays of 7.51 ms, which was almost exactly 1 connection interval in our setup. The standard deviation was 0.41 ms. Principle (B) showed the best results with an average time difference of 39.92 μs and a standard deviation of 14.19 μsThe results showed that with the principles (A) and (B) the synchronization of nodes can be highly improved compared to the reference. In future we will test the principles with synchronization protocols in real sensor nodes also with respect to the processor load.

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