scholarly journals Ład instytucjonalny a bezpieczeństwo narodowe w podzielonej Europie

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-76
Author(s):  
Antoni Z. Kamiński ◽  
Bartłomiej Kamiński
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
Economic Institutions ◽  
Regional Politics ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Regional Strategies ◽  
International Environment ◽  
Systemic Transformation ◽  
National Coalition ◽  
Foreign Policy Strategies

In this article, we develop an analytical framework drawing upon Acemoglu’s and Robinson’s theory that links developmental potential of the state to its political and economic institutions (inclusive and extractive), and that of Etel Solingen’s relating type of governing coalitions to foreign policy strategies and regional politics. States that adopted inclusive institutions tend to be governed by internationalist coalitions and their external interactions are based on cooperation, whereas those with extractive institutions tend to pursue adversarial regional strategies. Using the developed analytical framework, the article addresses the following three questions:(1) How has the choice of a strategy for dismantling state socialism shaped the transition towards market-based democracy?(2) What impact did choices made have upon patterns of intra-European relations in terms of cooperation and confrontation?(3) What factors may explain differences in respective trajectories and external strategies?The post-communist systemic transformation took place in an international environment favouring cooperation with the elites of the former Soviet bloc in introducing institutional changes. Western friendly policies and assistance helped internationalist coalitions maintain power but had no impact on the transition from the statist-nationalist-confessional coalition, even when it was weak. Despite initial attempts and strong encouragement from international community, Russia failed to establish inclusive political and economic institutions. The prevalence of the statist-national coalition adversely affected transition processes in its immediate vicinity – primarily in the former ‘Slavic republics’, such as Ukraine and Belarus.

East Asia at the Crossroads of Cooperation and Rivalry at the Regional and International Levels: Editorial Introduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214
Author(s):  
Anna V. Kuteleva ◽  
Denis A. Shcherbakov
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Regional Politics ◽  
Economic Revitalization ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
International Status ◽  
Foreign Policy Strategies

The rise of new powers throughout the 2000s and the 2010s augurs the end of the unipolar system that has persisted since the end of the Cold War. In no region is this transition more compelling than in East Asia. Economic revitalization of this region and a steady redistribution of power related to it is a dynamic process characterized by intense changes in foreign policy strategies, practices, and orientations of China, Korea, and Japan. The proposed special issue seeks to critically assess the emerging developments of Chinas, Japans, and Koreas core international perceptions and policies. More specifically, the special issue addresses two complex and interrelated questions. Firstly, how do China, Korea, and Japan adapt to the changing international landscape? Secondly, how do China, Korea, and Japan respond to the challenges inherent to the pursuit of the enhanced international status? The contributions to this special issue aim at scrutinizing Chinas cybersovereignty and industrial policy; exploring the strengths and limitations of Koreas public diplomacy; and examining Japans contributions to regionalism. The special issue also discusses Russias relations with East Asia and its role in regional politics.

scholarly journals Small States and the Struggle for Power in the Arctic Region: A Case Study of Denmark

Politologija ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-108
Author(s):  
Gabija Lukšaitė
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Small States ◽  
Small State ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
International Environment ◽  
Foreign Policy Strategies ◽  
The Arctic Region

This paper examines the specifics of foreign policy strategies used by Denmark as a small state in the Arctic region. Based upon a number of theoretical approaches in terms of analyzing small state foreign policy, this study is primarily focused on how small states manage to pursue their goals in an international environment typically dominated by large powers.

scholarly journals Migration as Diplomacy: Labor Migrants, Refugees, and Arab Regional Politics in the Oil-Rich Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Thiollet
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Regional Politics ◽  
Arab Population ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Rich Countries

AbstractThis article explores the political dynamics of labor migration in the Middle East. It seeks to explain the politics of Arab population movements by looking at historical trends in regional integration and contends that migration to the oil-rich countries, including refugee flows, has been the key factor driving Arab integration in the absence of effective institutions and economic integration processes. To account for the influence of this largely forgotten factor, the article looks at the formal and informal institutions that have shaped massive labor flows from the 1970s onward. It offers historical evidence pointing to the role of migration in Arab regional integration by looking at free circulation of Eritrean refugees and migrants in the Arab region using oral history and administrative archives. Linking labor migration, refugee movements, and regional politics, the article introduces the concept of “migration diplomacy” as an analytical framework and argues that the politics of regional integration can be better understood when looked at through the lens of migration.

scholarly journals Regional powers and their strategies: empire, hegemony, and leadership

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (04) ◽  
pp. 903-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANDRA DESTRADI
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
Regional Strategies ◽  
Dominant State ◽  
Policy Strategies ◽  
Foreign Policy Strategies

AbstractRegional powers are often conceived of as ‘regional leading powers’, states which adopt a cooperative and benevolent attitude in their international relations with their neighbours. The article argues that regional powers can follow a much wider range of foreign policy strategies in their region. Three ideal-typical regional strategies are identified: empire, hegemony, and leadership. The article is devoted to a theory-led distinction and clarification of these three terms, which are often used interchangeably in the field of International Relations. According to the goals pursued, to the means employed, and to other discriminating features such as the degree of legitimation and the type of self-representation by the dominant state, the article outlines the essential traits of imperial, hegemonic, and leading strategies and identifies sub-types for better classifying hegemony and leadership.

scholarly journals The Tribal Economy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Te Maire Tau ◽  
Matthew Rout
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Economic Institutions

This essay utilises the concept of the “Māori economy” to explore the story of Māori poverty following colonisation and enrichment after settlement. It merges settler colonisation and institutional economics theories into an analytical framework. Using this framework, it examines the role of settler institutions in Māori impoverishment and makes the case that there is no contemporary Māori economy, arguing a true Māori economy requires culturally-matched political, legal and economic institutions and that without these institutions Māori risk their Treaty settlement funds leaking back into the settler economy.

American Political Culture and the End of the Cold War

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Thorne
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
International System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
American Political Culture ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
International Environment ◽  
The Cold War

The ending of the Cold War, represented by the extraordinary changes that have been taking place within the international system since 1989, has finally, it seems, put an end to a situation wherein two armed and tightly organised blocs confronted one another and perceived each other as being, in essence, a threat that was immediate and potentially mortal. Given, too, that it was the Soviet bloc and then the Soviet Union itself that fell apart, it is understandable that this should be widely perceived as a victory for the West; and it is perhaps inevitable that attention should now fall on how the United States will relate to the international environment in which the country may well find itself in the early decades of the coming century.

Measuring “Language Access Profiles” in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children With the DHH Language Exposure Assessment Tool

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Hall ◽  
Stephanie De Anda
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Communication Mode ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Language Access ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Language Exposure ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Purpose The purposes of this study were (a) to introduce “language access profiles” as a viable alternative construct to “communication mode” for describing experience with language input during early childhood for deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children; (b) to describe the development of a new tool for measuring DHH children's language access profiles during infancy and toddlerhood; and (c) to evaluate the novelty, reliability, and validity of this tool. Method We adapted an existing retrospective parent report measure of early language experience (the Language Exposure Assessment Tool) to make it suitable for use with DHH populations. We administered the adapted instrument (DHH Language Exposure Assessment Tool [D-LEAT]) to the caregivers of 105 DHH children aged 12 years and younger. To measure convergent validity, we also administered another novel instrument: the Language Access Profile Tool. To measure test–retest reliability, half of the participants were interviewed again after 1 month. We identified groups of children with similar language access profiles by using hierarchical cluster analysis. Results The D-LEAT revealed DHH children's diverse experiences with access to language during infancy and toddlerhood. Cluster analysis groupings were markedly different from those derived from more traditional grouping rules (e.g., communication modes). Test–retest reliability was good, especially for the same-interviewer condition. Content, convergent, and face validity were strong. Conclusions To optimize DHH children's developmental potential, stakeholders who work at the individual and population levels would benefit from replacing communication mode with language access profiles. The D-LEAT is the first tool that aims to measure this novel construct. Despite limitations that future work aims to address, the present results demonstrate that the D-LEAT represents progress over the status quo.

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