scholarly journals Evaluation du niveau de contamination des eaux souterraines par les éléments traces métalliques dans le département de Zouan-Hounien (Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire).

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 15457-15468
Author(s):  
Péhégninon Junior Ophélie DJADE ◽  
Abou TRAORE ◽  
Koffi Jean Thiérry KOFFI ◽  
Keiba Noël KEUMEAN ◽  
Gbombélé SORO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Metallic Trace Elements ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Eaux Souterraines

Objectif : Evaluer le niveau de contamination des eaux souterraines de Zouan-Hounien en élément traces métalliques (ETM). Méthodologie et résultats : Un total de soixante-douze (72) échantillons d’eaux souterraines ont été prélevés en raison de quarante-six échantillons d’eaux de puits (23 puits) et vingt-six échantillons d’eaux de forages (13 forages). Dans ces échantillons, des ETM tels que : Hg, Pb, Cd, As et Fe ont été dosés par spectrométrie d’absorption atomique. Les concentrations moyennes respectives de Fe, Pb, Hg, As et Cd sont de 2233,48 > 3,10 > 1,67 > 1,18 > 0,08 µg.L-1 dans les puits et de 2427,94 > 4,08 > , 2,36 > 1,76 > 0,08 µg.L-1 dans les forages. La valeur moyenne du degré de contamination (Dc) dans les puits et les forages est supérieure à 3, indiquant ainsi une forte contamination des eaux souterraines. Avec des valeurs moyennes de l’indice de pollution par les ETM (HPI) inférieures à la valeur seuil de 100, ces eaux restent faiblement polluées dans l’ensemble. Pourtant, deux puits et deux forages ont enregistré une forte pollution des eaux, avec des valeurs supérieures à 100. Conclusion : L’indice de pollution des eaux souterraines par les ETM appliqué aux eaux souterraines révèle que les eaux de puits et de forages sont de bonne qualité, à l’exception de deux puits et deux forages. Le mercure reste le principal élément qui contribue à la toxicité des eaux. Sa présence dans les eaux est due à l’effet des activités d’orpaillage ancien et actuel dans la zone. Une sensibilisation sur les impacts de l’orpaillage sur les ressources en eau est à mener au sein des orpailleurs afin de réduire l’utilisation du mercure. Une consommation prolongée de ces eaux peut entrainer des problèmes graves de santé publique. Mots clés : indices de pollution, eaux souterraines, ETM, orpaillage, Zouan-Hounien Assessment of pollution indices by metallic trace elements of groundwater resources in the mining area of the department of Zouan-Hounien, Côte d´Ivoire. Objective : Assess the level of contamination of Zouan-Hounien groundwater with metallic trace elements (ETM). Methodology and results: A total of seventy-two (72) groundwater samples were taken that is forty-six well water samples (23 wells) and twenty-six borehole water samples (13 wells). In these samples, ETMs such as: Hg, Pb, Cd, As and Fe were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The respective average concentrations of Fe, Pb, Hg, As and Cd are 2233.48> 3.10> 1.67> 1.18> 0.08 µg.L-1 in the wells and 2427.94> 4 , 08>, 2.36> 1.76> 0.08 µg.L-1 in boreholes. The average value of the degree of contamination (Dc) in wells and boreholes is greater than 3, thus indicating a strong contamination of groundwater. With average values of the ETM pollution index (HPI) below the threshold value of 100, these waters remain slightly polluted. However, two wells and two boreholes recorded heavy water pollution, with values greater than 100. The correlation matrix carried out between the ETM and the HPI reveals that Hg is the main element, which contributes to the toxicity of the water. Conclusion: The ETM pollution indices for groundwater applied to waters revealed that well and borehole water are of good quality, with the exception of two wells and two boreholes. However, mercury remains the main element that contributes to the toxicity of water. Its presence in the waters is due to the effect of old and current gold panning activities in the area. Thus, raising awareness of the impacts of gold panning on water resources is to be carried out among gold panners in order to reduce the use of mercury. Prolonged consumption of these waters can lead to serious public health problems. Keywords: pollution indices, groundwater, ETM, gold panning, Zouan-Hounien

Online Preconcentration System Using 6-(2-Thienyl)-2-Pyridine Carboxaldehyde Functionalized Amberlite XAD-4 Resin for the Determination of Trace Elements in Waters by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 642-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cennet Karadaş ◽  
Derya Kara
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption

Abstract An online flow injection method was developed for the determination of trace elements in waters using 6-(2-thienyl)-2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde functionalized Amberlite XAD-4 resin. The metals were eluted with 1.0 M HNO3 directly to a flame atomic absorption spectrometry determination system. The sorption capacities of the resin for metal ions were 74.6, 113.7, 48.3, 131.6, and 88.6 μmol/g for Cd(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Co(II), and Cu(II), respectively. The resin was found to be very stable and capable of being used for more than 250 retention and elution cycles without major loss of performance. Detection limits (3SD) were determined to be 0.14 μg/L for Cd, 0.39 μg/L for Cu, 0.82 μg/L for Ni, 0.88 μg/L for Co, and 2.54 μg/L for Pb using 10 mL sample loading. The accuracy of the proposed method was checked using different certified reference materials [estuarine water (SLEW-3), riverine water (SRLS-5), 19-element aqueous standard (QCS-19), wheat flour (NBS 1567 a), and rice flour unpolished high level Cd (NIES 10c)]. Results were in agreement with certified values. The proposed method was applied to the determination of Cu, Ni, Co, Cd, and Pb in natural water samples. The recovery values for spiked water samples were between 91.9 and 107.4%.

scholarly journals Assessment of Toxic and Essential Trace Metals in Unwana Borehole Water in Afikpo North, Ebonyi State

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
M. K. Ndukwe ◽  
C. E. Igara ◽  
A. E. Idara
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Toxic Trace Elements ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Borehole Water

Water samples labeled A, B, C, D and E from five different boreholes in Unwana were analyzed to assess the level of toxicity and essential trace elements present. The results obtained showed slight variation in temperature for all the samples, having sample B, recording the highest values of 28oC. As for pH, sample B recorded a pH of 6.58 which lies within the limits recommended by WHO. For the trace metals, Cd(II), Pb(II), Ni(II), Cr(III) and Zn(II) were present in all the five samples. Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cr(III) concentrations in mg.L-1 exceeded  the WHO maximum allowed contaminant limit in all the five samples except for Zn (II) that recorded values in all the five samples that were  within the maximum allowed contaminant limit proposed by WHO. From the results obtained therefore, it is evident that some toxic trace elements were present beyond acceptable limits making the borehole water unfit for human consumption and hence will require treatments.

scholarly journals Physico- Chemical and Microbial Properties of Surface and Groundwater Resources: Case Study of Kogi State, Central Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyi Mepaiyeda ◽  
Kakaba Madi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Hand Pump

Analysis of water resources of this area was carried out in order to assessing the water quality by determining the concentrations of Cations, Anions, Heavy metals, Trace elements, PH, Alkalinity, Total Dissolved Solids and microbial loads in water samples. Ten (10) water samples were collected from the study area - samples each of rain water, two pond waters - 1 and 2, stream water, four (4) hand-dug wells, hand pump water and a motorized borehole. The results obtained were compared with WHO standards and it showed that all the cations in water samples are within the limits. The water samples at locations B, E, F, G, H, I, and J have high alkalinity and HC0-3 content. The heavy metals (Pb, Ni and Cd) and trace elements (Fe and Cu) are dominantly high in the surface waters. Microbiological substances in the water samples from the study area revealed indicator organisms higher than the WHO standard for drinking water. Samples obtained from location G, I and J recorded an absence of E. coli and are fit for human consumptions but needed to be treated due to high MPN (Most Probable Number) index of viable microorganisms as against WHO standard. This research showed that the water resources of the study area are gradually polluted and in the near future may not be good for drinking.

scholarly journals Groundwater Quality and Pollution Index for Heavy Metals in Saïs Plain, Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (26) ◽  
pp. 200603
Author(s):  
Said Lotfi ◽  
Miloud Chakit ◽  
Driss Belghyti
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Total Chromium ◽  
Heavy Metals Contamination

Background. Heavy metals contamination threatens groundwater resources in many areas around the world. Various methods to evaluate groundwater quality have been used to characterize sources of contamination and associated parameters. For assessment of heavy metals contamination, calculation of pollution indices is an effective tool for assessing water quality. Objectives. The purpose of the present study was to assess heavy metal concentrations and determine distributions in Saïs plain, Morocco using multivariate analysis. Methods. A total of 144 groundwater samples were collected from twelve stations in Saïs from January 2018 to January 2019, and were analyzed for heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, total chromium, lead, copper, iron, manganese and zinc) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results. Chromium was found to be a major contaminant affecting water quality in Station 2 (0.057 mg/l) and Station 8 (0.065 mg/l), while elevated levels of iron were found in Station 7 (1.4 mg/l) and Station 11 (0.45 mg/l), and elevated levels of copper (2.9 mg/l) and zinc (3.39 mg/l) were found in Station 11, relative to other heavy metals. The high concentrations of these elements are related to anthropogenic pollutants. The factor analysis showed two components controlling groundwater chemistry. The results of the present study demonstrate that the concentrations of toxic metals, like Fe and Cr, are present in slight excess in one or two stations during one season. The calculated heavy metal pollution level for the groundwater of Saïs plain was below the index limit of 100. Conclusions. The results show that groundwater is not polluted with respect to heavy metals and is acceptable for drinking. However, precautionary measures, such as managing the use of agricultural inputs and avoiding the use of wastewater in agriculture, are recommended in this area. Competing Interests. The authors declare no completing financial interests

ECOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DRINKING TAP WATER IN KHANTY-MANSIYSK AND SALEKHARD

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-167
Author(s):  
V.V. Lapenko ◽  
L.N. Bikbulatova ◽  
E.M. Ternikova
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Geochemical Environment

Water is very important for humans, as it is a solvent for metabolic products. Moreover, it is necessary for metabolism, biochemical and transport processes. The elemental status in persons depends on the geochemical environment and consumption of bioelements with food and water. The aim of the paper is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of chemical composition of drinking tap water in Khanty-Mansiysk and Salekhard. Materials and Methods. The chemical composition of 100 samples of drinking tap water was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry, spectrophotometry and capillary electrophoresis. All in all, there were 50 samples from Khanty-Mansiysk and 50 samples from Salekhard. The results were compared with Sanitary Rules and Norms 2.1.4.1074-01. Results. Drinking tap water in Salekhard contains a significantly higher concentration of iron, which is much above the maximum allowable concentration, if compared to water samples in Khanty-Mansiysk (p=0.03). In the cities under consideration, the water undergoes high-quality reagent-free treatment. However, the deterioration of the water supply networks in Salekhard is 3 times as high as in Khanty-Mansiysk. Calcium and magnesium concentration in water samples from Khanty-Mansiysk is 5.6 and 3.9 times lower than the MAC; in water samples from Salekhard calcium concentration is 6.3 (p=0.008) and magnesium concentration 4.6 (p<0.001) times lower than the MAC. Conclusion. The consumption of ultra-fresh drinking water leads to low intake of bioelements, which are a part of enzymes contributing to the human antioxidant defense and can result in manifestation of cardiovascular diseases. This is especially true for Salekhard with very soft drinking water and high iron concentration, which excess can exhibit prooxidant properties. Keywords: tap water, bioelements, northern region, antioxidants. Вода является важнейшим соединением для человека: необходима в качестве растворителя продуктов метаболизма и протекания обменных, биохимических и транспортных процессов. Элементный статус организма человека зависит от геохимического окружения и поступления биоэлементов с пищей и водой. Цель. Провести комплексную оценку химического состава водопроводной воды городов Ханты-Мансийск и Салехард. Материалы и методы. Методами атомно-абсорбционной спектрометрии, спектрофотометрии и капиллярного электрофореза проанализирован химический состав 100 проб водопроводной воды: по 50 из Ханты-Мансийска и Салехарда. Результаты сравнивали с СанПиН 2.1.4.1074-01. Результаты. В водопроводной воде Салехарда установлена превышающая ПДК и достоверно более высокая концентрация железа сравнительно с водой Ханты-Мансийска (р=0,03). При условии качественной безреагентной водоподготовки в изучаемых городах это обусловлено изношенностью водопроводных сетей в Салехарде, более чем в 3 раза превышающей этот показатель в Ханты-Мансийске. Концентрация кальция и магния в воде Ханты-Мансийска в 5,6 и 3,9 раза ниже ПДК; в воде Салехарда – в 6,3 (р=0,008) и 4,6 (р<0,001) раза ниже ПДК соответственно. Заключение. Употребление ультрапресной питьевой воды на фоне очень малого поступления с водой биоэлементов, входящих в состав ферментов антиоксидантной защиты организма человека, может привести к манифестации кардиоваскулярных заболеваний. Это особенно актуально для г. Салехарда с очень мягкой питьевой водой с повышенным содержанием железа, избыток которого может проявлять прооксидантные свойства. Ключевые слова: водопроводная вода, биоэлементы, северный регион, антиоксиданты.

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