scholarly journals Groundwater Quality and Pollution Index for Heavy Metals in Saïs Plain, Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (26) ◽  
pp. 200603
Author(s):  
Said Lotfi ◽  
Miloud Chakit ◽  
Driss Belghyti
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Total Chromium ◽  
Heavy Metals Contamination

Background. Heavy metals contamination threatens groundwater resources in many areas around the world. Various methods to evaluate groundwater quality have been used to characterize sources of contamination and associated parameters. For assessment of heavy metals contamination, calculation of pollution indices is an effective tool for assessing water quality. Objectives. The purpose of the present study was to assess heavy metal concentrations and determine distributions in Saïs plain, Morocco using multivariate analysis. Methods. A total of 144 groundwater samples were collected from twelve stations in Saïs from January 2018 to January 2019, and were analyzed for heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, total chromium, lead, copper, iron, manganese and zinc) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results. Chromium was found to be a major contaminant affecting water quality in Station 2 (0.057 mg/l) and Station 8 (0.065 mg/l), while elevated levels of iron were found in Station 7 (1.4 mg/l) and Station 11 (0.45 mg/l), and elevated levels of copper (2.9 mg/l) and zinc (3.39 mg/l) were found in Station 11, relative to other heavy metals. The high concentrations of these elements are related to anthropogenic pollutants. The factor analysis showed two components controlling groundwater chemistry. The results of the present study demonstrate that the concentrations of toxic metals, like Fe and Cr, are present in slight excess in one or two stations during one season. The calculated heavy metal pollution level for the groundwater of Saïs plain was below the index limit of 100. Conclusions. The results show that groundwater is not polluted with respect to heavy metals and is acceptable for drinking. However, precautionary measures, such as managing the use of agricultural inputs and avoiding the use of wastewater in agriculture, are recommended in this area. Competing Interests. The authors declare no completing financial interests

scholarly journals Use of Heavy Metal Content and Modified Water Quality Index to Assess Groundwater Quality in a Semiarid Area

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Maskooni ◽  
Mehran Naseri-Rad ◽  
Ronny Berndtsson ◽  
Kei Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Entropy Weighted

Groundwater is a major source of drinking and agricultural water supply in arid and semiarid regions. Poor groundwater quality can be a threat to human health especially when it is combined with hazardous pollutants like heavy metals. In this study, an innovative method involving entropy weighted groundwater quality index for both physicochemical and heavy metal content was used for a semiarid region. The entropy weighted index was used to assess the groundwater’s suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. Thus, groundwater from 19 sampling sites was used for analyses of physicochemical properties (electrical conductivity—EC, pH, K+, Ca2+, Na+, SO42−, Cl−, HCO3−, TDS, NO3−, F−, biochemical oxygen demand—BOD, dissolved oxygen—DO, and chemical oxygen demand—COD) and heavy metal content (As, Ca, Sb, Se, Zn, Cu, Ba, Mn, and Cr). To evaluate the overall pollution status in the region, heavy metal indices such as the modified heavy metal pollution index (m-HPI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), Nemerow index (NeI), and ecological risks of heavy metals (ERI) were calculated and compared. The results showed that Cd concentration plays a significant role in negatively affecting the groundwater quality. Thus, three wells were classified as poor water quality and not acceptable for drinking water supply. The maximum concentration of heavy metals such as Cd, Se, and Sb was higher than permissible limits by the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. However, all wells except one were suitable for agricultural purposes. The advantage of the innovative entropy weighted groundwater quality index for both physicochemical and heavy metal content, is that it permits objectivity when selecting the weights and reduces the error that may be caused by subjectivity. Thus, the new index can be used by groundwater managers and policymakers to better decide the water’s suitability for consumption.

scholarly journals An In-Depth Analysis of Water Quality Using GIS and Heavy Metal Pollution Index near a Gold Mining Area, Qorveh, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Jahangiri-rad ◽  
Mohsen Shariati ◽  
Mahdieh Yaaghoubi ◽  
Ali Haghmoradkhani ◽  
Abbas Akbarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution Index ◽  
Metal Pollution Index

Introduction: Inappropriate management of mining activities may bring about water pollution and pose a heavy complication on aquatic ecosystem and humans. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of Qorveh gold mining activities on the quality of nearby groundwater. Materials and Methods: The concentration of seven eco-toxic metals along with some general hydrochemical parameters were investigated for 27 sampling stations in the study area using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) and conventional hydrochemical methods. The analysis results were further applied to compute pollution indices, namely heavy metal pollution index (HPI) for irrigation purposes. Results: The main elements were within the World Health Organization (WHO) and Iranian National Water Standards (INWS) for irrigation water quality, except for NH4+ in some sampling points. The concentration of heavy metals followed the order Cu > Zn > Pb > Hg > Cd > As. The contents of Hg, As, Cd, and Cu in most sites were higher than the recommended values. Except for two stations, the value of HPI based on the mean concentration was found to be far beyond the critical pollution index value of 100, suggesting that the area is highly polluted with some heavy metals. Conclusion: Elevated concentration of trace elements found in groundwater of this area represented the release of harmful elements from gold mining activities on surrounding environment.

scholarly journals Comprehensive assessment of groundwater quality using heavy metal pollution indices and geospatial technique: A case study from Wanaparthy watershed of upper Krishna River basin, Telangana, India.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suantak Paolalsiam Vaiphei ◽  
Rama Mohan Kurakalva
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Water Interaction ◽  
Guideline Values

Abstract The present study is to characterize groundwater quality using heavy metal pollution indices and geospatial variations. A total of 58 samples from hand pump/submersible bore wells were collected from the Wanaparthy watershed of the upper Krishna River basin according to the grid size (5*6 km 2 ). The heavy metals concentration in groundwater samples are found in the order of Zn(38.67%)> B(32.67%)> Ba(13.59%)> As(8.49%)> Hg(3.71%)> Cr(1.28%)> Ni(0.52%)> Cd(0.47%). Among these heavy metals, arsenic (22.4%) and mercury (5.1%) were found above the permissible limits of WHO drinking water guideline values. A positive correlation between pH versus B/Ba/Hg, TH versus EC/TDS, and B versus Ba indicates the presence of metals due to chemical reaction (rock-water interaction). Arsenic correlation with EC/TDS/TH indicates artificial intervention. Drainage network analysis enumerates high concentration of parameters at near or joining to upper order of drainage system, which might be due to input of runoff water (interaction of variable rocks composition) and later stage infiltration to subsurface and reached to an aquifer. Heavy metal pollution index (HPI) showed 86.2% of samples are in the category of low class, whereas 12.1% of samples fall within medium class. According to metal index (MI) classification, 12.1% samples are in very pure, 24.14% samples are pure, while the remaining 63.8% samples are in the slightly to strongly affect category. This study suggested the main source of heavy metals in groundwater might be from the dominant granitoid rocks because the area is mostly devoid of industrialization.

scholarly journals Application of Pollution Indices for Evaluation of Long-Term Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Lake Modrac in Bosnia and Hercegovina

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusreta Djonlagic
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Geo Accumulation

In this study the results of a 15-year long monitoring survey on heavy metals in water at Lake Modrac were assessed using pollution indices of heavy metals, such as Heavy metal pollution index HPI, Heavy metal evaluation index HEI and the Degree of contamination CD. The results of the survey on heavy metal pollution of sediment conducted in 2015 were used as input data for the following pollution indices: Concentration factor , Pollution load index PLI, Enrichment factor EF, Index of geo-accumulation Igeo, Ecological risk factor , Potential ecological risk index to the water-body, RI. The results showed a good correlation and the lake sediment was characterized as polluted. Enrichment factors and indices of geo-accumulation of heavy metals were indicated as very high enriched in the sediment, and have been identified as an anthropogenic source of pollution. Cumulative presence in the sediment is assessed through the pollution index, RI, and has been assessed as moderate ecological risk to the lake water-body. The application of pollution indices presents a valuable tool in assessing the long-term pollution status of Lake Modrac.

Evaluation on Characteristics of Heavy Metal Spatial Pollution in Farmland Soils along the Bijiang River

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 1586-1593
Author(s):  
Xiao Qing Zhao ◽  
Hong Hui Yang ◽  
Jian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Zinc Deposit ◽  
Farmland Soils ◽  
Lead Zinc

Based on the farmland soils along the Bijiang River, a main tributary of the international Lantsang-Mekong River flowing through the Jinding Lead-Zinc Deposit, this dissertation makes analyses on the pollution characteristics of spatial variation in farmland soils by adopting the soil sampling and testing analysis and applying single-factor pollution index (SPI) evaluation and Nemerow composite pollution index (NCPI) evaluation. The results indicate that: (1) In accordance with Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (II), the content of Cd contained in the farmland soils has severely exceeded the standard in a large scale, followed by Pb and Zn. However, the content of As is maintained within the specified standard; (2)The SPI values of soils are in the following sequence: Cd＞Zn＞Pb＞As. The pollution level caused by the heavy metal “Cd” to the farmland soils is extremely heavy in a wide range, and a majority of the farmlands are heavily polluted by Zn. The farmlands with moderate pollution by Pb are centered at Plot 2 in the deposit, and only a few farmland soils are moderately polluted by As at Plot 2 in the deposit;(3) Based on the NCPI, the results indicate that the NCPI of the farmland soils has reached to the degree of heavy pollution; (4) It is indicated based on the RPI evaluation that the RPI values of As, Cd, Pb and Zn contained in the farmland soils have exceeded the standard in the following sequence: Pb＞Zn＞Cd＞As, which illustrates that during the development of Jinding Lead-Zinc Deposit in Lanping County, the heavy metals imposing the most profound influence on the soil pollution are Pb and Zn. The heavy metal pollution in the farmland soils from the upper reaches to the lower reaches of the Bijiang River is not only caused by the development of Jinding Lead-Zinc Deposit in Lanping County, but is also associated with its high soil background value;(5) There is a remarkable spatial variation of heavy metal pollution in farmland soils from the upper reaches to the lower reaches of the Bijiang River. Both the SPI and the NCPI values of heavy metals in the soils within the deposit at the upper reaches of the Bijiang River are the lowest; the pollution index of the soils closest to the deposit are the highest, and the pollution index of the soils with a certain distance from the deposit drops swiftly; the pollution index of Plot 4 rises to a certain degree at the middle reaches, and gradually ascends near the Yunlong County seat at Plot 5, however, with a comparatively small growth rates.

scholarly journals Evaluation of groundwater quality in central Saudi Arabia using hydrogeochemical characteristics and pollution indices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talal Alharbi ◽  
Abdelbaset Sabry El-Sorogy ◽  
Saleh Qaysi ◽  
Fahad Alshehri
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Factors Affecting

Abstract The groundwater quality and heavy metal contamination were evaluated in thirty palm farms, central Saudi Arabia using pollution indices, irrigation quality parameters, and multivariate statistical analyses. The results showed that the average values of TDS, Ca + , Na + , K + , Cl − , SO 4 2− , and F − were greater than the permissible limits of the WHO standards for drinking water. The groundwater facies types were Ca–Na–SO 4 –Cl (23 samples), Ca–Cl–SO 4 , (4 samples), and Ca–SO 4 –Cl type (3 samples). The groundwater quality index indicated that 15 groundwater samples were of good quality and 15 were of poor quality, whereas the metal index and heavy metal pollution index indicated that all samples were categorized as slightly affected and with low pollution, respectively. The variation is attributed to the increasing average values of some ions and decreasing HMs. The dissolution/precipitation of silicates, gypsum, and carbonates, and soil leaching were the natural factors affecting groundwater chemistry, whereas higher PO 4 3− , NO 3 − , F − , Pb, and Zn values in some samples may be attributed to human activities from the extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides on the investigated farms.

scholarly journals Study of Pb Heavy Metal Pollution Level on Tannin Content of Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) in Bluto and Talango Sea Waters, Sumenep, East Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Catur Pujiono ◽  
Akhmad Taufiq Mukti ◽  
Woro Hastuti Satyantini
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Euchema cottoni or Kappaphycus alvarezii is one type of seaweeds that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. Water pollution caused by the accumulation of Pb heavy metals will affect the seaweed to grow and develop. This study is aimed to determine the tannin levels in K. alvarezii and the relationship of Pb heavy metal pollution level with tannin levels in K. alvarezii in different waters. This study used an observational experiment, and samples were taken from two different locations with 4 stations in each. From each sample in both locations, K. alvarezii was taken and was then measured for the tannin levels, water quality, and heavy metals (Pb) in water and in K. alvarezii. The results were analyzed at the Laboratory of PT. Sucofindo and the Laboratory of Testing Service Unit, Airlangga University Surabaya. The data were analyzed using a statistical test in the form of a t-test to determine the differences in samples in both waters, and a C-square test was used to determine the relationship between PB and tannin levels in K. alvarezii. The results showed that the level of Pb heavy metal pollution in the two waters did not show a significant difference due to water quality which was quite similar in both locations. Moreover, the tannin content in K. alvarezii in Bluto waters (0.053±0.004%) was higher than that in Talango waters (0.020±0.009%). Meanwhile, a t-test showed a significant difference in seaweed tannins in both waters. The relationship between Pb heavy metal pollution and tannins of seaweed in Bluto and Talango waters was that they did not affect each other, and tannin concentration was more influenced by chemical oxygen demand (COD), salinity of both waters, and the cultivation methods used.

Environmental Amelioration Using Aquatic Macrophytes: Emphasizing Removal of Heavy Metals from Waste Water

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 244-250
Author(s):  
Anindita Mitra ◽  
Soumya Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals

Pollution of the aquatic environment with toxic metals has been attracting considerable attention over the past decades and increasing urbanization, industrialization and overpopulation are the main cause. Due to this toxic pollutant the global water crisis is one of the most serious problems facing by the humanity today as also plants and animals are very sensitive to the presence of these toxic metals. Phytoextraction is the most cost effective and environment friendly way to solve the problem of heavy metal pollution by using plants. Macrophytes are important component of aquatic communities due to their roles in oxygen production, nutrient cycling, water quality control, sediment stabilization to provide habitat and shelter for aquatic life and also for being considered efficient heavy metal accumulators. The main route of heavy metal uptake is through their roots in emergent and surface floating plants whereas, leafy submerged plants uptake heavy metals both through roots and leaves. Roots of wetland plants play the primary role in wastewater purification followed by stems and leaves. Aquatic macrophytes therefore are very useful for the treatment of wastewater to mitigate variety of pollution level and now are the important research issues all over the world. In this review an effort has been made to summarize the role of aquatic macrophytes in the removal of heavy metals from the polluted water to improve the water quality.

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Soils around Coal Mine Spoil Piles in Shiguai District of Baotou, Inner Mongolia, Northern China

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2068-2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren Xin Zhao ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Wen Hui Sun ◽  
Wei Nan Gao ◽  
Xiao Ling Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Mine Spoil ◽  
Pollution Level

The concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn and Fe) were studied around coal mine spoil piles in Shiguai district of Baotou located in Inner Mongolia grassland and desert transition zone. Aim of the study is to control soil heavy metal pollution of coal mining area and provide the basic data information. The results indicated that concentrations of Cu, Cr, Ni and Zn in the soil along the roadsides were higher than other sampling areas. The pollution characteristic and the elements of heavy metal contamination were corresponding with the concentrations of the different types of coal mine spoils. According to the single factor pollution index, soils from different regions were contaminated by Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn and Fe in varying degree. The pollution degree was in order: Cu > Cr > Fe > Zn > Ni > Mn. Nemerow’s synthetical pollution index indicated that soils from the roadsides had the most serious heavy metal contamination, the index was 3.11. The order of pollution level in different regions was: roadsides > flood land > farmland > woodland. The health and stabilization of environmental quality are being threatened by soil heavy metals.

Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contamination to Planting Base Soil in Shenyang, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 1494-1499
Author(s):  
Bin Hui Jiang ◽  
Li Jiang ◽  
Li Li Fu ◽  
Chang Qi Yao ◽  
Yong Gang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Pollution Assessment ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Concentration Data

The distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in the planting base soils in Shenyang, northeast of China, were investigated. Sixty soil samples were collected and characterized for heavy metals contents (AsCdCrPbHgNiCu and Zn). Concentration data were processed using correlation analysis and soils pollution assessment was carried out using geoaccumulation and PI. The results revealed that eight heavy metals contents of planting base all reached pollution level, which Pb and Hg pollution relatively serious, reached 2.41 and 2.1 respectively. The order of heavy metal pollution levels are: Pb> Hg> Zn = Cu> As> Ni> Cd> Cr. A significant correlation exists in Pb-Cd, Pb-Cu, Cd-As, Cu-Ni, while an extremely significant correlation exists between Zn-Cu. In addition to the parent material soil, the sources of soil heavy metals are mainly by the industrial, agricultural, transportation or other human activities and the effect of atmospheric transport and deposition. KEYWORDS: soil, heavy metal pollution, assessment, pollution index

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