scholarly journals Isotope Evidence of Rainfall and Groundwater for Tracing Recharge Areas in Kaeng Khoi District, Saraburi Province, Thailand

2016 ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanlapa Wisittammasri ◽  
Srilert Chotpantarat
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Water Line ◽  
Meteoric Water Line ◽  
Isotope Technique ◽  
Isotope Evidence ◽  
Stable Isotope Technique ◽  
Central Thailand

This study was conducted in the districts of Kaeng Khoi and Muang, located in the center of Saraburiprovince, Central Thailand. The purpose was to use a stable isotope technique to iden-tify recharge areas where rainfall infiltrates. Analysis of stable isotopes in groundwater, surface water and rainwater were conducted in September 2014. Isotope compositions of groundwater were found to have δD values that ranged from -37.55‰ to -48.04‰ while δ18O values ranged from -5.30‰ to -7.34‰. The Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL) in the study area was indis-tinguishablefrom the Bangkok Local Meteoric Water Line (BKK LMWL), and the stable iso-tope values of rainwater in area were more depleted than BKK LMWL. The isotope compo-sitions of surface water revealed that the effect of evaporation could divide the groundwater into two groups, with the first group locally receiving rainfall and the second group interacting directly with surface water. Therefore, care must be taken to prevent groundwater contamination in the latter group due to polluted surface water caused by human activities.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical and Isotopic Study of Water Resources in Khan Al-Baghdadi Area, Al- Anbar Province / West of Iraq

2021 ◽  
pp. 204-217
Author(s):  
Sarmad Jamal Hussien ◽  
Firas Mudhafar Abdulhussein
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Euphrates River ◽  
Water Line ◽  
Meteoric Water Line ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

This hydrochemical study of the surface and groundwater in Khan AL-Baghdadi  area, western Iraq,  included the interpretation of physical, chemical, and biological properties. Water samples were collected from wells (14 samples) and surface water of Euphrates River (6 samples) for the dry and wet periods of October 2018 and April 2019, respectively. The stable isotopes analysis was performed for the dry period only. The surface water samples were characterized by slightly alkaline, fresh, excessively mineralized, Ca-chloride type, and hard to very hard water class. While the groundwater samples were characterized by slightly alkaline, brackish, excessively mineralized, Ca-chloride and Na-Chloride type, and hard to very hard water class. The stable isotopic analysis was used in studying the interaction between water resources of Euphrates River and groundwater. Stable isotopes (δD and δ18O) were used to study the hydrological aspects of water resources in the study area. The results showed that surface and groundwater samples have similar source with a correlation relationship between them, in addition to the clear effect of river recharge on groundwater. The variation in δ2H and δ18O signature of groundwater in the study area is caused mainly by variation in isotopic composition of recharge water zone and mixing water. Using the δ 2H and δ 18O diagram, all surface and groundwater samples were plotted below the global meteoric water line (GMWL) and Local Meteoric Water line (LMWL), indicating the influences of the evaporation processes and seasonal variation.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Variations of Water Stable Isotope Compositions in Nujiang Headwaters, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6654
Author(s):  
Hongbao Wu ◽  
Xuexia Wang ◽  
Hongwei Shui ◽  
Hasbagan Ganjurjav ◽  
Guozheng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Vapor Source ◽  
Water Line ◽  
Meteoric Water Line ◽  
Primary Water

The variations of the stable isotope compositions in water provide critical information on hydroclimatic mechanisms. The climatological and hydrological processes in the Nujiang headwaters in the central Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau are extremely complex and are controlled by alternating continental/local recycled and maritime moisture. However, previous studies have only derived limited data from different types of water in the Nujiang headwaters. Therefore, aiming to understand the sources of stable oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δ2H) isotopes’ compositional variability and how these are related to hydroclimatic processes, we measured δ18O and δ2H values from surface waters, snow and precipitation across the Nujiang headwaters from April to September 2018. We found higher δ18O (−13.7‰), δ2H (−101.8‰) and deuterium excess (d-excess; 7.6‰) values in the non-monsoon season and lower values in the summer monsoon season. Our findings indicated that the δ18O and δ2H compositions were significantly affected by different moisture sources in this region. The slope (6.66) and intercept (−14.90) of the surface water line (SWL: δ2H = 6.66 δ18O − 14.90, R2 = 0.98) were lower than those of the local meteoric water line (LMWL: δ2H = 9.50 δ18O + 41.80, R2 = 0.99) and global meteoric water line (GMWL), indicating that precipitation was the primary water vapor source for surface water, and evaporation was the dominant hydrological process for the Nujiang headwaters. In general, δ18O and δ2H tended to be negatively correlated with precipitation and air temperature. In addition, δ18O and δ2H values in the Nagqu River were inversely correlated with the intensity of discharge, highlighting a precipitation-driven isotope-discharge pattern. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the hydroclimatic mechanisms occurring in the Nujiang headwaters and further augment our understanding of the southern–middle–northern hydroclimate in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau.

scholarly journals Isotopic composition and elemental concentrations in groundwater in the Kuiseb Basin and the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin, Namibia

2018 ◽  
Vol 378 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Nnenesi A. Kgabi ◽  
Eliot Atekwana ◽  
Johanna Ithindi ◽  
Martha Uugwanga ◽  
Kay Knoeller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Environmental Tracers ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Water Line ◽  
Meteoric Water Line ◽  
Groundwater Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Abstract. We assessed environmental tracers in groundwater in two contrasting basins in Namibia; the Kuiseb Basin, which is a predominantly dry area and the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin, which is prone to alternating floods and droughts. We aimed to determine why the quality of groundwater was different in these two basins which occur in an arid environment. We analysed groundwater and surface water for the stable isotope ratios of hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) by cavity ring-down spectroscopy and metals by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The δ2H and δ18O of surface water in the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin plot on an evaporation trend below the global meteoric water line (GMWL) and the local meteoric water line (LMWL). The δ2H and δ18O of some groundwater samples in the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin also plot on the evaporation trend, indicating recharge by evaporated rain or evaporated surface water. In contrast, the δ2H and δ18O of groundwater samples in the Kuiseb Basin plot mostly along the GMWL and the LMWL, indicating direct recharge from unevaporated rain or unevaporated surface water. Fifty percent of groundwater samples in the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin was potable (salinity < 1 ppt) compared to 79 % in the Kuiseb Basin. The high salinity in the groundwater of the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin does not appear to be caused by evaporation of water (evapo-concentration) on surface prior to groundwater recharge, but rather by the weathering of the Kalahari sediments. The low salinity in the Kuiseb Basin derives from rapid recharge of groundwater by unevaporated rain and limited weathering of the crystalline rocks. The order of abundance of cations in the Kuiseb Basin is Na > K > Ca > Mg vs. Na > Mg > Ca > K for the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin. For metals in the Kuiseb Basin the order of abundance is Fe > Al > V > As > Zn vs. Al > Fe > V> As > Zn for the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin. The relative abundance of cations and metals are attributed to the differences in geology of the basins and the extent of water-rock interaction. Our results show that the quality of groundwater in Cuvelai-Etosha Basin and Kuiseb Basin which vary in the extent of aridity, is controlled by the extent of water-rock interaction at the surface and in the groundwater aquifer.

Stable isotope tracers as diagnostic tools in studying water sources in a humid bamboo watershed during the plum rainfall events

Water Policy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-381
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Gou ◽  
Simin Qu ◽  
Peng Shi ◽  
Dachen Li ◽  
Xueqiu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Water Line ◽  
Isotopic Variation ◽  
Meteoric Water Line

Abstract This study investigates the temporal variation of stable isotopic composition in precipitation, soil water, and streamflow water during the plum rainfall events in an upland headwater watershed which is mainly covered with bamboo. The results show that the isotopic composition of various water sources exhibit significant temporal variation. The local meteoric water line is established by using the relationship between the stable isotope of oxygen-18 and deuterium, which is slightly different from the meteoric water line of China. The isotopic temporal variation of precipitation is closely related to exchange effect between raindrops and environmental vapor, evaporation fractionation and rainfall intensity. The isotopic variation of shallow soil water is mainly determined by canopy interception, ground evaporation and the mixing with pre-event water; as for the isotopic variation of deep soil water, it is virtually influenced by pre-event water. The most enriched isotopic composition of streamflow and deuterium excess (d-excess) differences between streamflow and rainfall both indicate that streamflow is recharged not only by event water but also by pre-event water. Hence, a better understanding of precipitation formation and the hydrological response under the plum rainfall system may be instructive for the management of water resources in humid watersheds in southern China.

scholarly journals The Stable Isotope Characteristics of Precipitation in the Middle East Highlighting the Link between the Köppen Climate Classifications and the δ18O and δ2H Values of Precipitation

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2397
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Heydarizad ◽  
Luis Gimeno ◽  
Rogert Sorí ◽  
Foad Minaei ◽  
Javad Eskandari Mayvan
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
Isotope Technique ◽  
Lower Slope ◽  
Stable Isotope Technique

The Middle East is faced with a water shortage crisis due to its semiarid and arid climate. In this paper, precipitation as an important part of the water cycle was evaluated in 43 stations across the Middle East using the stable isotope technique to study the parameters which influence the stable isotope content of precipitation. First, the stepwise regression model was applied to determine the main geographical and climatological factors affecting the stable isotopes in precipitation. Secondly, the stepwise model was also used to simulate the stable isotope values in precipitation. Furthermore, due to the notable climatic variations across the Middle East, the precipitation sampling stations were classified into six groups based on the Köppen climate zones. Significant variations in the stable isotope values of precipitation were observed in the stations of each climate zone. Finally, the Middle East meteoric water line was developed for the dry and wet periods based on the average stable isotopes in the studied stations. The developed lines showed a lower slope compared to the GMWL due to the higher air temperature and relative humidity in the Middle East compared to the average global conditions. To conclude, the stable isotope contents in precipitation showed significant temporal and spatial variations due to the notable climatic variations across the Middle East.

scholarly journals Water–Isotope Capacity Building and Demonstration in a Developing World Context: Isotopic Baseline and Conceptualization of a Lake Malawi Catchment

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limbikani C. Banda ◽  
Michael O. Rivett ◽  
Robert M. Kalin ◽  
Anold S.K. Zavison ◽  
Peaches Phiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Lake Malawi ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Water Line ◽  
Meteoric Water Line

Developing countries such as Malawi require improved access to isotope tracer tools to better characterize and manage water resources threatened by land development, deforestation and climate change. This is the first published study to use an isotope facility developed in Malawi for this purpose, instead of relying upon sample analyses from abroad. Results from this new facility are used to evaluate an important Lake Malawi catchment in the Rift Valley. This work successfully established a stable-isotope baseline, hydrochemical signatures, and system conceptualization against which future policy change and management strategies may be measured. Precipitation isotopic composition was consistent with the Global Meteoric Water Line, but varied, confirming different precipitation systems nationally. Groundwater largely followed a Local Meteoric Water Line, with limited isotopic variation indicating predominant areal groundwater recharge, but with dry-season evaporative enrichment of groundwater near Lake Malawi. Surface-water isotopes widely varied with local precipitation, suggesting the latter accounted for wet-season river flows, but upstream dambo (complex wetlands occupying a shallow, seasonal waterlogged depression) helped sustain dry-season flows. Isotope capacity reinforced water-resource conceptualization and provenance in a hydrologically complex, but not atypical, Rift Valley system, exhibiting a noted complexity of groundwater–surface-water interactions. The latter, critical to integrated water resource management, requires more focused study, to which an expanded array of isotopes will contribute to tracking Sustainable Development Goal 6 targets. This study and future catchment studies should help underpin Malawian water-resource policy implementation on several identified fronts.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Stable Isotopes in Precipitation and Their Moisture Sources in the Guanling Region, Guizhou Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jialu Wang ◽  
Weijie Li ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Jiaojiao Zhang ◽  
Shizhen Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Water Line ◽  
Meteoric Water Line ◽  
National Centre ◽  
Winter Half ◽  
Summer Half ◽  
Environmental Prediction

Environmental prediction is one of the crucial means for social sustainable development. Based on the continuous sampling of atmospheric precipitation in Guanling County, Guizhou Province, China, from March 2016 to February 2017, and combining the reanalyzed data of the National Centre for Environmental Prediction/National Centre for Atmospheric Research with the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model, this paper analyzed the variations of δ2H and δ18O in precipitation at the synoptic scale in the Guanling region. The results showed that the variations of δ2H, δ18O, and d-excess values in precipitation exhibited remarkable seasonal variability. The stable isotopic values in precipitation in the winter half-year were higher than those in the summer half-year. The meteoric water line of the winter half-year was close to the annual meteoric water line. The results showed that there was more than one fundamental source of moisture. It was affected by the winter monsoon period, which is longer than the summer monsoon period, so the local evaporation of water vapor participating in the water circulation had a greater impact. With the increase of precipitation, the intercept and slope of the meteoric water line gradually decreased, which indicated that the secondary evaporation was weak under the effect of stable isotope subcloud cluster. The correlations of precipitation δ18O with temperature T and precipitation P vary with time scales. As the time scale decreased, the correlation between δ18O and the temperature and precipitation improved. When P  ≤ 5 mm and 10°C < T ≤ 30°C, the most sensitive changes in stable isotopes were observed. In the study area, the backward trajectory model showed that the moisture in the winter half of the year was mainly from the transportation of the westerlies wind, replenishment, and local reevaporation of near-source ocean water, while the water in the summer half of the year mainly came from the transportation of water from the ocean at low latitudes.

scholarly journals Contrasting Water Use Strategies of Tamarix ramosissima in Different Habitats in the Northwest of Loess Plateau, China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2791
Author(s):  
Pengyan Su ◽  
Mingjun Zhang ◽  
Deye Qu ◽  
Jiaxin Wang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Tamarix Ramosissima ◽  
Water Line ◽  
Meteoric Water Line ◽  
Utilization Ratio

As a species for ecological restoration in northern China, Tamarix ramosissima plays an important role in river protection, flood control, regional climate regulation, and landscape construction with vegetation. Two sampling sites were selected in the hillside and floodplain habitats along the Lanzhou City, and the xylems of T. ramosissima and potential water sources were collected, respectively. The Bayesian mixture model (MixSIAR) and soil water excess (SW-excess) were applied to analyze the relationship on different water pools and the utilization ratios of T. ramosissima to potential water sources in two habitats. The results showed that the slope and intercept of local meteoric water line (LMWL) in two habitats were smaller compared with the global meteoric water line (GMWL), which indicated the existence of drier climate and strong evaporation in the study area, especially in the hillside habitat. Except for the three months in hillside, the SW-excess of T. ramosissima were negative, which indicated that xylems of T. ramosissima are more depleted in δ2H than the soil water line. In growing seasons, the main water source in hillside habitat was deep soil water (80~150 cm) and the utilization ratio was 63 ± 17% for T. ramosissima, while the main water source in floodplain habitat was shallow soil water (0~30 cm), with a utilization ratio of 42.6 ± 19.2%, and the water sources were different in diverse months. T. ramosissima has a certain adaptation mechanism and water-use strategies in two habitats, and also an altered water uptake pattern in acquiring the more stable water. This study will provide a theoretical basis for plant water management in ecological environment protection in the Loess Plateau.

scholarly journals Dephytinisation of soyabean protein isolate with low native phytic acid content has limited impact on mineral and trace element absorption in healthy infants

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Davidsson ◽  
Ekhard E. Ziegler ◽  
Peter Kastenmayer ◽  
Peter van Dael ◽  
Denis Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Soya Protein ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Phytic Acid Content ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Isotope Technique ◽  
Stable Isotope Technique

Infant formulas based on soyabean protein isolate are often used as an alternative to cows'-based formulas. However, the presence of phytic acid in soya formulas has raised concern about the absorption of trace elements and minerals from these products. The aim of the present study was to evaluate mineral and trace element absorption from regular and dephytinised soya formula in healthy infants. Soyabean protein isolate with a relatively low native content of phytic acid was used for production of a regular soya formula (300 mg phytic acid/kg liquid formula) and an experimental formula was based on dephytinised soya protein isolate (<6 mg phytic acid/kg liquid formula). Using a crossover study design, apparent mineral and trace element absorptions were measured by a stable isotope technique based on 72 h faecal excretion of non-absorbed stable isotopes (Zn, Fe, Cu and Ca) and by the chemical balance technique (Mn, Zn, Cu and Ca) in nine infants (69–191 d old). Fe absorption was also measured by erythrocyte incorporation 14 d after intake. The results from the present study demonstrated that Zn absorption, measured by a stable isotope technique, was significantly greater after dephytinisation (mean value 16·7 v. 22·6 %; P=0·03). No other statistically significant differences between the two formulas were observed. The nutritional benefit of dephytinisation was marginal in the present study. Based on these results, the use of soyabean protein isolate with low native content of phytic acid should be promoted for production of soya formulas and adequate addition of ascorbic acid to enhance Fe absorption should be ensured in the products.

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