Hydrochemical and Isotopic Study of Water Resources in Khan Al-Baghdadi Area, Al- Anbar Province / West of Iraq

This hydrochemical study of the surface and groundwater in Khan AL-Baghdadi area, western Iraq, included the interpretation of physical, chemical, and biological properties. Water samples were collected from wells (14 samples) and surface water of Euphrates River (6 samples) for the dry and wet periods of October 2018 and April 2019, respectively. The stable isotopes analysis was performed for the dry period only. The surface water samples were characterized by slightly alkaline, fresh, excessively mineralized, Ca-chloride type, and hard to very hard water class. While the groundwater samples were characterized by slightly alkaline, brackish, excessively mineralized, Ca-chloride and Na-Chloride type, and hard to very hard water class. The stable isotopic analysis was used in studying the interaction between water resources of Euphrates River and groundwater. Stable isotopes (δD and δ18O) were used to study the hydrological aspects of water resources in the study area. The results showed that surface and groundwater samples have similar source with a correlation relationship between them, in addition to the clear effect of river recharge on groundwater. The variation in δ2H and δ18O signature of groundwater in the study area is caused mainly by variation in isotopic composition of recharge water zone and mixing water. Using the δ 2H and δ 18O diagram, all surface and groundwater samples were plotted below the global meteoric water line (GMWL) and Local Meteoric Water line (LMWL), indicating the influences of the evaporation processes and seasonal variation.

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Isotope Evidence of Rainfall and Groundwater for Tracing Recharge Areas in Kaeng Khoi District, Saraburi Province, Thailand

Applied Environmental Research ◽

10.35762/aer.2016.38.3.5 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 49-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wanlapa Wisittammasri ◽

Srilert Chotpantarat

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotopes ◽

Surface Water ◽

Stable Isotope ◽

Meteoric Water ◽

Water Line ◽

Meteoric Water Line ◽

Isotope Technique ◽

Isotope Evidence ◽

Stable Isotope Technique ◽

Central Thailand

This study was conducted in the districts of Kaeng Khoi and Muang, located in the center of Saraburiprovince, Central Thailand. The purpose was to use a stable isotope technique to iden-tify recharge areas where rainfall infiltrates. Analysis of stable isotopes in groundwater, surface water and rainwater were conducted in September 2014. Isotope compositions of groundwater were found to have δD values that ranged from -37.55‰ to -48.04‰ while δ18O values ranged from -5.30‰ to -7.34‰. The Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL) in the study area was indis-tinguishablefrom the Bangkok Local Meteoric Water Line (BKK LMWL), and the stable iso-tope values of rainwater in area were more depleted than BKK LMWL. The isotope compo-sitions of surface water revealed that the effect of evaporation could divide the groundwater into two groups, with the first group locally receiving rainfall and the second group interacting directly with surface water. Therefore, care must be taken to prevent groundwater contamination in the latter group due to polluted surface water caused by human activities.

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Isotopic composition and elemental concentrations in groundwater in the Kuiseb Basin and the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin, Namibia

Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences ◽

10.5194/piahs-378-93-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 378 ◽

pp. 93-98

Author(s):

Nnenesi A. Kgabi ◽

Eliot Atekwana ◽

Johanna Ithindi ◽

Martha Uugwanga ◽

Kay Knoeller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Meteoric Water ◽

Environmental Tracers ◽

Rock Interaction ◽

Water Line ◽

Meteoric Water Line ◽

Groundwater Aquifer ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Water Rock Interaction

Abstract. We assessed environmental tracers in groundwater in two contrasting basins in Namibia; the Kuiseb Basin, which is a predominantly dry area and the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin, which is prone to alternating floods and droughts. We aimed to determine why the quality of groundwater was different in these two basins which occur in an arid environment. We analysed groundwater and surface water for the stable isotope ratios of hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) by cavity ring-down spectroscopy and metals by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The δ2H and δ18O of surface water in the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin plot on an evaporation trend below the global meteoric water line (GMWL) and the local meteoric water line (LMWL). The δ2H and δ18O of some groundwater samples in the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin also plot on the evaporation trend, indicating recharge by evaporated rain or evaporated surface water. In contrast, the δ2H and δ18O of groundwater samples in the Kuiseb Basin plot mostly along the GMWL and the LMWL, indicating direct recharge from unevaporated rain or unevaporated surface water. Fifty percent of groundwater samples in the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin was potable (salinity < 1 ppt) compared to 79 % in the Kuiseb Basin. The high salinity in the groundwater of the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin does not appear to be caused by evaporation of water (evapo-concentration) on surface prior to groundwater recharge, but rather by the weathering of the Kalahari sediments. The low salinity in the Kuiseb Basin derives from rapid recharge of groundwater by unevaporated rain and limited weathering of the crystalline rocks. The order of abundance of cations in the Kuiseb Basin is Na > K > Ca > Mg vs. Na > Mg > Ca > K for the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin. For metals in the Kuiseb Basin the order of abundance is Fe > Al > V > As > Zn vs. Al > Fe > V> As > Zn for the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin. The relative abundance of cations and metals are attributed to the differences in geology of the basins and the extent of water-rock interaction. Our results show that the quality of groundwater in Cuvelai-Etosha Basin and Kuiseb Basin which vary in the extent of aridity, is controlled by the extent of water-rock interaction at the surface and in the groundwater aquifer.

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The local meteoric relationship for 18O and 2H in precipitations and isotopic compositions of water resources in northeast Amara area (South of Iraq)

International Journal of Hydrology ◽

10.15406/ijh.2020.04.00243 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 176-180

Author(s):

Hussein B Ghalib

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Meteoric Water ◽

Arabian Gulf ◽

Water Line ◽

Isotopic Compositions ◽

Meteoric Water Line ◽

Local Water ◽

South Of Iraq ◽

First Time ◽

Adequate Management

This paper focuses on determining the Amara meteoric water line for the study area (AMWL) is defined or the first time, based on samples of precipitation collected Amara city - southeast of Iraq. For an adequate management of available water resources in semi-arid and arid regions, it is important to compare isotopic data of surface water and groundwater with the local meteoric relationship for d18O and dD in precipitations.Isotope values of precipitation indicate a local meteoric water line (Amara MWL δ2H = 7.51 δ18O + 10.82; R2=0.94) situated between the Mediterranean MWL and Global MWL. Both the slope and 2H intercept for AMWL are deviated from the global meteoric water line - GMWL (δ2H = 8.13 18O + 10) and Mediterranean MWL (δ 2H = 8.13 18O + 22). The slightly variation in isotopic compositions of the Missan rain (from -4 to +3.2‰ and from -20 to -14‰ for 18O and 2H, respectively) is because of slightly seasonal changes in precipitations in this area. The 18O and 2H isotopes of local water resources show that the rainwater is affected by the Arabian Gulf Arabian Sea potential moisture sources.

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HYDROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN ABU-ZAABAL AREA, EASTERN NILE DELTA, EGYPT

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2021v13i6.42562 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 221-231

Author(s):

RAGAA EL-SHEIKH ◽

IBRAHIM HEGAZY ◽

EHAB ZAGHLOOL ◽

MOHAMED E. A. ALI ◽

AYMAN A. GOUDA

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Surface Water ◽

Water Resources ◽

Water Samples ◽

Nile Delta ◽

Hard Water ◽

Water Quality Assessment ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Surface Water Samples

Objective: The study presents simple tools for water resources quality classification based on its chemical compositions in Abu Zaabal area, eastern Nile Delta, Egypt and assess the water quality for different uses. Methods: 31 water samples were collected from different water resources in the study area and analyzed for physicochemical parameters. Hydrochemical relations, contour maps and statistical methods were used to estimate the contamination indices and evaluate the water resources for different purposes. Results: 83.3% of groundwater samples is fresh water and 16.7% are brackish water. 85.7% of surface water samples are fresh and 14.3% is saline. 92% of groundwater samples and 71.5% of surface water samples are very hard water. According to HPI values, 8% of the quaternary groundwater samples are good, 4% are poor, 4% are very poor and 84% of the samples are unsuitable. All groundwater samples and 71% of surface water samples are contaminated with respect to ammonia. Conclusion: Higher concentrations of TDS and heavy metal may be due to the clay nature of the soil, the marine sediments in the aquifer matrix together with the dissolution and leaching of minerals from agricultural, anthropogenic and industrial activities. The groundwater in the polluted zones is considered unsuitable for human drinking.

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Spatiotemporal Variations of Water Stable Isotope Compositions in Nujiang Headwaters, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12166654 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (16) ◽

pp. 6654

Author(s):

Hongbao Wu ◽

Xuexia Wang ◽

Hongwei Shui ◽

Hasbagan Ganjurjav ◽

Guozheng Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Stable Isotope ◽

Tibetan Plateau ◽

Meteoric Water ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Hydrological Process ◽

Vapor Source ◽

Water Line ◽

Meteoric Water Line ◽

Primary Water

The variations of the stable isotope compositions in water provide critical information on hydroclimatic mechanisms. The climatological and hydrological processes in the Nujiang headwaters in the central Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau are extremely complex and are controlled by alternating continental/local recycled and maritime moisture. However, previous studies have only derived limited data from different types of water in the Nujiang headwaters. Therefore, aiming to understand the sources of stable oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δ2H) isotopes’ compositional variability and how these are related to hydroclimatic processes, we measured δ18O and δ2H values from surface waters, snow and precipitation across the Nujiang headwaters from April to September 2018. We found higher δ18O (−13.7‰), δ2H (−101.8‰) and deuterium excess (d-excess; 7.6‰) values in the non-monsoon season and lower values in the summer monsoon season. Our findings indicated that the δ18O and δ2H compositions were significantly affected by different moisture sources in this region. The slope (6.66) and intercept (−14.90) of the surface water line (SWL: δ2H = 6.66 δ18O − 14.90, R2 = 0.98) were lower than those of the local meteoric water line (LMWL: δ2H = 9.50 δ18O + 41.80, R2 = 0.99) and global meteoric water line (GMWL), indicating that precipitation was the primary water vapor source for surface water, and evaporation was the dominant hydrological process for the Nujiang headwaters. In general, δ18O and δ2H tended to be negatively correlated with precipitation and air temperature. In addition, δ18O and δ2H values in the Nagqu River were inversely correlated with the intensity of discharge, highlighting a precipitation-driven isotope-discharge pattern. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the hydroclimatic mechanisms occurring in the Nujiang headwaters and further augment our understanding of the southern–middle–northern hydroclimate in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau.

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Environmental Isotopic and Hydrochemical Approach of Groundwater in Kerian Irrigation Scheme, Perak

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1877 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 250-253 ◽

pp. 1877-1882

Author(s):

Mohd Ariff Ahmad Nazri ◽

Syafalni ◽

Ismail Abustan ◽

Najihah Dor ◽

Mohd Tadza Abdul Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meteoric Water ◽

Ionic Composition ◽

Irrigation Scheme ◽

Environmental Isotope ◽

Water Line ◽

Meteoric Water Line ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Groundwater Evolution ◽

Resistivity Image ◽

Global Meteoric Water Line

The study scrutinizes the groundwater evolution and its relation in the Kerian irrigation scheme of Perak region using isotope and hydrochemical analyses. Nine representative groundwater samples were collected from nine different wells that cover the Kerian area. The samples are analyzed on geochemical characteristics, ionic composition and hydrofacies. Resistivity image profiling (RIP) surveys were carried out in tracing the existing of aquifer layer. The major ionic compositions show a wide variation in the hydrochemical properties of groundwater of the area. The degree correspondences among cations and anions have been estimated in order to evaluate their mutual relationship. The important hydrogeophysical parameters have been estimated for reasonable assessment of groundwater quality for irrigation purposes. Piper Diagrams have been plotted to classify the hydrofacies and Wilcox plot as well to quickly determine the viability of water for irrigation used. Interpretations of environmental isotope (18O and 2H) are applied to groundwater studies in the study area. The isotopic composition of 18O and 2H of groundwater and surface water have small variations and plot close to the global meteoric water line as well as local meteoric water line.

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Isotopic composition of precipitation and groundwater onshore of the Rio del Rey Basin, southwest Cameroon: local meteoric lines and recharge

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-021-01473-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Engome R. Wotany ◽

Mengnjo J. Wirmvem ◽

Wilson Y. Fantong ◽

Samuel N. Ayonghe ◽

Mabel N. Wantim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotopes ◽

Isotopic Composition ◽

Meteoric Water ◽

Economic Importance ◽

Deuterium Excess ◽

Dry Period ◽

Water Line ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

The Difference ◽

The Relationship

AbstractThe link between rainfall and groundwater recharge in the Rio del Rey Basin, which is of socio-economic importance to Cameroon, is poorly understood. Accordingly, the stable isotopes in monthly rainfall from January to December 2012 (in Lobe and Mundemba) and 52 surface water and groundwater samples were investigated. High values of δ18O and δD were recorded in the dry period (February to March), and the least values of δ18O and δD were observed in the wet period (September). This indicates that different condensation processes primarily influenced stable isotopes in rainfall as a function of the difference in moisture sources. The relationship between δD and δ18O defined the Lobe meteoric water line as δD = 7.97 δ18O + 12.48 and Mundemba water line as δD = 7.75 δ18O + 10.79. The similarity of their slopes to the global meteoric line suggests that the isotopic composition of investigated rains was not significantly affected by evaporation during precipitation. The ranges in deuterium-excess of precipitation from 5.8 to 16.56‰ suggest the source of vapour is from the Atlantic Ocean. The groundwater isotope values (ranging from −3.81 to −2.52‰ for δ18O) plotted close to and along the GMWL, showing that its isotopic composition is of meteoric origin under rapid recharge conditions. The isotopic similarity between groundwater and June–August rains suggests a significant recharge during this period.

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Water–Isotope Capacity Building and Demonstration in a Developing World Context: Isotopic Baseline and Conceptualization of a Lake Malawi Catchment

Water ◽

10.3390/w11122600 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2600 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Limbikani C. Banda ◽

Michael O. Rivett ◽

Robert M. Kalin ◽

Anold S.K. Zavison ◽

Peaches Phiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Water Resource ◽

Rift Valley ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Meteoric Water ◽

Land Development ◽

Lake Malawi ◽

Dry Season ◽

Water Line ◽

Meteoric Water Line

Developing countries such as Malawi require improved access to isotope tracer tools to better characterize and manage water resources threatened by land development, deforestation and climate change. This is the first published study to use an isotope facility developed in Malawi for this purpose, instead of relying upon sample analyses from abroad. Results from this new facility are used to evaluate an important Lake Malawi catchment in the Rift Valley. This work successfully established a stable-isotope baseline, hydrochemical signatures, and system conceptualization against which future policy change and management strategies may be measured. Precipitation isotopic composition was consistent with the Global Meteoric Water Line, but varied, confirming different precipitation systems nationally. Groundwater largely followed a Local Meteoric Water Line, with limited isotopic variation indicating predominant areal groundwater recharge, but with dry-season evaporative enrichment of groundwater near Lake Malawi. Surface-water isotopes widely varied with local precipitation, suggesting the latter accounted for wet-season river flows, but upstream dambo (complex wetlands occupying a shallow, seasonal waterlogged depression) helped sustain dry-season flows. Isotope capacity reinforced water-resource conceptualization and provenance in a hydrologically complex, but not atypical, Rift Valley system, exhibiting a noted complexity of groundwater–surface-water interactions. The latter, critical to integrated water resource management, requires more focused study, to which an expanded array of isotopes will contribute to tracking Sustainable Development Goal 6 targets. This study and future catchment studies should help underpin Malawian water-resource policy implementation on several identified fronts.

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Characteristics of Stable Isotopes in Precipitation and Their Moisture Sources in the Guanling Region, Guizhou Province

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2021/5569793 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Jialu Wang ◽

Weijie Li ◽

Yong Wang ◽

Jiaojiao Zhang ◽

Shizhen Xiao

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotopes ◽

Meteoric Water ◽

Guizhou Province ◽

Monsoon Period ◽

Water Line ◽

Meteoric Water Line ◽

National Centre ◽

Winter Half ◽

Summer Half ◽

Environmental Prediction

Environmental prediction is one of the crucial means for social sustainable development. Based on the continuous sampling of atmospheric precipitation in Guanling County, Guizhou Province, China, from March 2016 to February 2017, and combining the reanalyzed data of the National Centre for Environmental Prediction/National Centre for Atmospheric Research with the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model, this paper analyzed the variations of δ2H and δ18O in precipitation at the synoptic scale in the Guanling region. The results showed that the variations of δ2H, δ18O, and d-excess values in precipitation exhibited remarkable seasonal variability. The stable isotopic values in precipitation in the winter half-year were higher than those in the summer half-year. The meteoric water line of the winter half-year was close to the annual meteoric water line. The results showed that there was more than one fundamental source of moisture. It was affected by the winter monsoon period, which is longer than the summer monsoon period, so the local evaporation of water vapor participating in the water circulation had a greater impact. With the increase of precipitation, the intercept and slope of the meteoric water line gradually decreased, which indicated that the secondary evaporation was weak under the effect of stable isotope subcloud cluster. The correlations of precipitation δ18O with temperature T and precipitation P vary with time scales. As the time scale decreased, the correlation between δ18O and the temperature and precipitation improved. When P ≤ 5 mm and 10°C < T ≤ 30°C, the most sensitive changes in stable isotopes were observed. In the study area, the backward trajectory model showed that the moisture in the winter half of the year was mainly from the transportation of the westerlies wind, replenishment, and local reevaporation of near-source ocean water, while the water in the summer half of the year mainly came from the transportation of water from the ocean at low latitudes.

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Contrasting Water Use Strategies of Tamarix ramosissima in Different Habitats in the Northwest of Loess Plateau, China

Water ◽

10.3390/w12102791 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 2791

Author(s):

Pengyan Su ◽

Mingjun Zhang ◽

Deye Qu ◽

Jiaxin Wang ◽

Yu Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Water Use ◽

Loess Plateau ◽

Meteoric Water ◽

Water Source ◽

Water Sources ◽

Tamarix Ramosissima ◽

Water Line ◽

Meteoric Water Line ◽

Utilization Ratio

As a species for ecological restoration in northern China, Tamarix ramosissima plays an important role in river protection, flood control, regional climate regulation, and landscape construction with vegetation. Two sampling sites were selected in the hillside and floodplain habitats along the Lanzhou City, and the xylems of T. ramosissima and potential water sources were collected, respectively. The Bayesian mixture model (MixSIAR) and soil water excess (SW-excess) were applied to analyze the relationship on different water pools and the utilization ratios of T. ramosissima to potential water sources in two habitats. The results showed that the slope and intercept of local meteoric water line (LMWL) in two habitats were smaller compared with the global meteoric water line (GMWL), which indicated the existence of drier climate and strong evaporation in the study area, especially in the hillside habitat. Except for the three months in hillside, the SW-excess of T. ramosissima were negative, which indicated that xylems of T. ramosissima are more depleted in δ2H than the soil water line. In growing seasons, the main water source in hillside habitat was deep soil water (80~150 cm) and the utilization ratio was 63 ± 17% for T. ramosissima, while the main water source in floodplain habitat was shallow soil water (0~30 cm), with a utilization ratio of 42.6 ± 19.2%, and the water sources were different in diverse months. T. ramosissima has a certain adaptation mechanism and water-use strategies in two habitats, and also an altered water uptake pattern in acquiring the more stable water. This study will provide a theoretical basis for plant water management in ecological environment protection in the Loess Plateau.

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