scholarly journals GAMBARAN SKOR MMSE, CDT, TMT A DAN TMT B PADA LANSIA DI PANTI WERDHA AGAPE TONDANO

e-CliniC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza B. Susanto ◽  
Rizal Tumewah ◽  
Arthur H. P. Mawuntu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Normal Cognitive Function ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
State Examination

Abstract: Indonesia has the highest growth of elderly population. Health problem that often occurs in the elderly is impaired cognitive function which can be examined by using various examinations. Rapid examinations with practical high values are Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), as well as Trail Making Test A and B (TMT A and B). These are done by giving a series of commands to a person and then his/her accuracy will be assessed. This was a cross-sectional study conducted from December 2014 to January 2015 at the Agape elderly nursing home Tondano. The results showed that there were 12 respondents that met the inclusion criteria consisted of eight females and four males. The results of the four tests showed that MMSE had 67% of respondents with normal cognitive function, CDT had 75% with normal executive function, TMT A had 100% with experienced executive interference, and TMT B had 92% with experienced executive interference. Conclusion: Most respondents showed MMSE with normal cognitive function and CDT with, normal executive function, however, all respondents showed TMT A with experienced executive interference, and nearly all respondents showed TMT B with experienced executive interference. Cognitive dysfunction were more frequent among the elderly of ≥75 years, female, primary school education, and unemployment.Keywords: elderly, cognitive function, executive functionAbstrak: Indonesia merupakan negara tertinggi dalam pertumbuhan penduduk lanjut usia. Peningkatan jumlah penduduk lanjut usia tersebut menimbulkan masalah kesehatan, masalah kesehatan yang sering terjadi pada usia lanjut antara lain gangguan fungsi kognitif. Gangguan fungsi kognitif ini dapat di periksa dengan berbagai pemeriksaan. Pemeriksaan yang cepat dan praktis namun nilainya tinggi adalah pemeriksaan Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Trail Making Test A dan B (TMT A dan B). Pemeriksaan ini dilakukan dengan memberi serangkaian perintah pada seseorang dan ketepatannya dinilai. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang, dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2014 hingga Januari 2015 bertempat di Panti Werdha Agape Tondano. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 12 responden yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian, terdiri dari 8 perempuan dan 4 laki-laki. Hasil pemeriksaan MMSE menunjukkan 67% responden dengan fungsi kognitif normal, CDT menunjukkan 75% dengan fungsi eksekutif normal, TMT A menunjukkan 100% dengan gangguan eksekutif, dan TMT B menunjukkan 92% mengalami gangguan eksekutif. Simpulan: Sebagian besar responden menunjukkan hasil pemeriksaan MMSE dengan fungsi kognitifnya normal, CDT dengan fungsi eksekutif normal, sedangkan untuk TMT A seluruh responden mengalami gangguan eksekutif, dan TMT B hampir seluruh responden mengalami gangguan eksekutif. Secara keseluruhan, gangguan fungsi kognitif lebih banyak pada lansia perempuan usia ≥ 75 tahun, pendidikan SD, dan tidak bekerja.Kata kunci: lansia, fungsi kognitif, fungsi eksekutif

scholarly journals GAMBARAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF PADA PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DENGAN RIWAYAT STROKE DI POLIKLINIK SARAF RSUP PROF. DR. R.D. KANDOU MANADO

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tirzha N. Paparang ◽  
Corry N. Mahama ◽  
Denny J. Ngantung
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
State Examination

Abstract: Stroke is a major cause of cognitive dysfunction. The incidences of cognitive dysfunction increase three-fold after strokes, usually involving impairement of abilities in visuo-spacial, memory, orientation, speech, attention, and performance functions. The rapid, practical, and approved examinations used to evaluate and confirm the decline in cognitive functions are the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), and the Trail Making Test (TMT). This study aimed to reveal the cognitive functions of outpatients with stroke histories in the Neurology Polyclinic, Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital Manado by using the above mentioned examinations. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design conducted in November 2012. The results showed that there were 51 respondents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria consisting of 32 males and 19 females. The highest decline of cognitive function by age, the educational level, and employment was 60-79 years, more than 9 years of education, and retired workers, respectively. The results of the MMSE, CDT, and TMT examinations for cognitive impairment evaluation were as follow: MMSE 62.75%, CDT 56.86%, TMT A 96.08%, and TMT B 84.31%. Conclusion: Most of the outpatients with stroke histories in the Neurology Polyclinic, Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital Manado showed cognitive impairments. Keywords: CDT, cognitive function, MMSE, stroke, TMT-A and B.   Abstrak: Stroke merupakan penyebab utama gangguan fungsi kognitif. Insiden gangguan kognitif meningkat tiga kali lipat setelah stroke, dan biasanya melibatkan kemampuan visuospasial, memori, orientasi, bahasa, perhatian dan fungsi eksekutif. Pemeriksaan yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi dan mengonfirmasi penurunan  fungsi kognitif yang cepat dan praktis namun bernilai tinggi ialah Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), dan Trail Making Test (TMT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran fungsi kognitif pada pasien rawat jalan dengan riwayat stroke di Poliklinik Saraf RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan cross-sectional design dan dilaksanakan selama bulan November 2012. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa 51 responden memenuhi kriteria inklusi, terdiri dari 32 laki-laki dan 19 perempuan. Berdasarkan usia, tingkat pendidikan, dan pekerjaan, penurunan fungsi kognitif terbanyak pada usia 60-79 tahun, tingkat pendidikan terakhir >9 tahun, dan pekerjaan pensiunan. Hasil pemeriksaan MMSE, CDT, dan TMT terhadap fungsi kognitif responden ialah: MMSE 62,75%, CDT 56,86%, TMT A 96,08%, dan TMT B 84,31%. Simpulan: Sebagian besar pasien rawat jalan dengan riwayat stroke di Poliklinik Saraf RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado telah memperlihatkan gagguan fungsi kognitif.Kata kunci: stroke, fungsi kognitif, MMSE, CDT, TMT-A dan B.

Comparison of Mini-Mental State Examination and Clock Drawing Test with Orientation-Memory-Concentration Test in the Elderly with Cognitive Function Impairment in Jetis Sub-District, Yogyakarta

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Eduardo William ◽  
◽  
Mitra Andini Sigilipoe ◽  
Widya Christine Manus ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Concentration Test ◽  
State Examination

ABSTRACT Background: Dementia is a collective term for several diseases that affect memory, other cognitive abilities, and behavior. These diseases can seriously interfere with people’s ability of daily living. This is not a normal phenomenon of aging. With the increasing prevalence of dementia in the elderly, the importance of dementia as a comorbidity of hypertension is increasing. However, several questions regarding the link between hypertension and dementia remain unresolved. This study aimed to determine Orientation-Memory-Concentration-Test (OMCT) can be used to assess cognitive function in the elderly as an early step in the early detection of dementia. Subjects and Method: This was a comparative study using a case-control design. The study was conducted in Jetis Sub-District, Yogyakarta from September 2019 to June 2020. A total sample of 110 of elderly was divided into two groups 42 elderly (case), and 68 elderly (control) selected by consecutive sampling using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock-Drawing Test (CDT) and Orientation-Memory-Concentration Test (OMCT). The dependent variables were the sensitivity and specificity level of the OMCT instrument while the scores of the MMSE. The independent variable was CDT instruments. The collected data will then be processed by diagnostic analysis followed by analysis of ROC and Youden’s index to determine the optimal cut off. Respondents are categorized as having impaired cognitive function if the MMSE (cut off ≤ 24) or CDT (cut off <18) shows a positive result. Results: 110 elderlies were involved. A total of 42 elderlies were included in the case population, and 68 elderlies were included in the control population. In the total OMCT population (cut off> 11) it has a sensitivity (29%) and specificity (97%) to the combination of MMSE and CDT. In populations with hypertension OMCT (cut off> 2.5) has sensitivity (68%) with specificity (46%). In a population without hypertension OMCT (cut off> 7) has a sensitivity (55%) and specificity (90%) to the combination of MMSE and CDT. Conclusion: OMCT can be used as a screening tool for cognitive dysfunction in older people with hypertension because of its short duration, ease of use, and can be used in patients with visual impairments. Keywords: Dementia, cognitive dysfunction, OMCT, 6-CIT. Correspondence: Darren Eduardo William. School of medicine Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana, Yogyakarta. Jl. Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo 5-25 Yogyakarta 55224, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 0813-4136-9999 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.17

scholarly journals Gambaran Fungsi Kognitif pada Lanjut Usia di Desa Sendangan Kecamatan Remboken

e-CliniC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia V. Roring ◽  
Junita M. [email protected] ◽  
Corry N. Mahama
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Impaired Cognitive Function ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Trail Making

Abstract: Increased elderly in Indonesia grows in number and affects the health problems such as impaired cognitive function. Examination carried out by using Indonesian version Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-INA), Trail Making Test (TMT), and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) are used to determine the cognitive function. This study was aimed to obtain the profile of cognitive function among the elderly at nursing home and outside of nursing home at Sendangan, Remboken. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. The results showed that there were 59 people that met inculsion criteria. The Ina-MoCA examination showed that 94.9% of the elderly had a decline in cognitive function. Moreover, the TMT-A and TMT-B found that 100% of the elderly had impaired cognitive function. Meanwhile, the CDT found that 49.2% of the elderly had impaired cognitive function. In conclusion, the Ina-MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, and CDT indicated that the majority of the elderly at Sendangan, Remboken had impaired cognitive function.Keywords: elderly, cognitive function, Ina MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, CDT Abstrak: Peningkatan lanjut usia di Indonesia semakin bertambah yang berdampak pada masalah kesehatan, salah satunya ialah gangguan fungsi kognitif. Pemeriksaan Montreal Cognitive Assesment versi Indonesia (INA-MoCA), Trail Making Test (TMT), dan Clock Drawing Test (CDT) dapat digunakan untuk medeteksi gangguan fungsi kognitif, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran fungsi kognitif pada lanjut usia di Panti Werdha dan luar Panti Werdha di Desa Sendangan Kecamatan Remboken. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 59 orang yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Pemeriksaan Ina-MoCA menunjukkan 94,9% lanjut usia mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif. Pada pemeriksaan TMT-A dan TMT-B didapatkan 100% lanjut usia terganggu. Pemeriksaan CDT mendapatkan 49,2% lanjut usia terganggu. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah hasil pemeriksaan Ina-MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, dan CDT menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar lansia di Desa Sendangan Kecamatan Remboken memiliki fungsi kognitif yang terganggu.Kata kunci: lanjut usia, fungsi kognitif, Ina MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, CDT

scholarly journals Gambaran Fungsi Kognitif pada Lanjut Usia di Desa Sendangan Kecamatan Remboken

e-CliniC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia V. Roring ◽  
Junita M. [email protected] ◽  
Corry N. Mahama
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Impaired Cognitive Function ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Trail Making

Abstract: Increased elderly in Indonesia grows in number and affects the health problems such as impaired cognitive function. Examination carried out by using Indonesian version Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-INA), Trail Making Test (TMT), and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) are used to determine the cognitive function. This study was aimed to obtain the profile of cognitive function among the elderly at nursing home and outside of nursing home at Sendangan, Remboken. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. The results showed that there were 59 people that met inculsion criteria. The Ina-MoCA examination showed that 94.9% of the elderly had a decline in cognitive function. Moreover, the TMT-A and TMT-B found that 100% of the elderly had impaired cognitive function. Meanwhile, the CDT found that 49.2% of the elderly had impaired cognitive function. In conclusion, the Ina-MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, and CDT indicated that the majority of the elderly at Sendangan, Remboken had impaired cognitive function.Keywords: elderly, cognitive function, Ina MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, CDT Abstrak: Peningkatan lanjut usia di Indonesia semakin bertambah yang berdampak pada masalah kesehatan, salah satunya ialah gangguan fungsi kognitif. Pemeriksaan Montreal Cognitive Assesment versi Indonesia (INA-MoCA), Trail Making Test (TMT), dan Clock Drawing Test (CDT) dapat digunakan untuk medeteksi gangguan fungsi kognitif, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran fungsi kognitif pada lanjut usia di Panti Werdha dan luar Panti Werdha di Desa Sendangan Kecamatan Remboken. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 59 orang yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Pemeriksaan Ina-MoCA menunjukkan 94,9% lanjut usia mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif. Pada pemeriksaan TMT-A dan TMT-B didapatkan 100% lanjut usia terganggu. Pemeriksaan CDT mendapatkan 49,2% lanjut usia terganggu. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah hasil pemeriksaan Ina-MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, dan CDT menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar lansia di Desa Sendangan Kecamatan Remboken memiliki fungsi kognitif yang terganggu.Kata kunci: lanjut usia, fungsi kognitif, Ina MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, CDT

scholarly journals PENERAPAN ART THERAPY MEMBATIK COLET SEBAGAI UPAYA MEMELIHARA FUNGSI KOGNITIF LANSIA DI POSYANDU BAROKAH, KELURAHAN KLAMPIS NGASEM, KECAMATAN SUKOLILO, KOTA SURABAYA, PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Elida Ulfiana ◽  
Makhfudli ◽  
Kusnul Chotimah ◽  
Zenitha Rani
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Art Therapy ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Partnership ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Dementia Prevention ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Partnership Program

Klampis Ngasem is one of the areas in East Surabaya, precisely in Sukolilo sub-district, Surabaya. The target group in the community partnership program (PKM) is the Elderly Posyandu "Barokah" in RW 3. Problems that occur in the Elderly Barokah Posyandu are less varied activities and innovation so that some elderly are less interested and bored to follow routinely as indicated by the presence of the elderly < 75%, the absence of efforts to prevent dementia that is carried out regularly and continue for the elderly, lack of elderly knowledge about changes in cognitive function and efforts to maintain cognitive function so as to prevent dementia, and the availability of leisure time for the elderly in addition to routine posyandu activities and those that have not been utilized to be useful and productive. The solution to overcome these problems is through the application of Art Therapy to make colet batik. The purpose of this community service is to help express themselves, maintain the cognitive function of the elderly and provide new skills in making batik as an activity in the Posyandu Elder Barokah Klampis Ngasem Village. The activities carried out are screening to see the cognitive function of the elderly using Mini mental state examination (MMSE) and clock drawing test (CDT), counseling about prevention of dementia which includes knowing dementia, prevention of dementia, and art therapy, batik colet training with demonstration methods, and simulation. The results of batik colet will be processed again with the help of cadres or the elderly who have sewing skills to be used as sofa pillowcases. From this process, a work or product will be produced from the batik colet method.

scholarly journals 1 GAMBARAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF PADA LANSIA DI TIGA YAYASAN MANULA DI KECAMATAN KAWANGKOAN

e-CliniC ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniar Aprilia Ramadian
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
State Examination

AbstractBackground: An increasing number of elderly people raises various social, economic, and health problems. Health problems are often occur in the elderly is impaired cognitive function. The rapid examination and practical, high value is the examination of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Trail Making Test (TMT). These checks are done by giving series of commands at someone and assess their accuracy.Objective: To knowing overview of cognitive function in the elderly at three elderly people foundation in district Kawangkoan by sex, age, and education.Methods: The descriptive research with cross-sectional method, was conducted in November 2012 held at the Elderly Foundation Centre Kawangkoan Minahasa, Maupusan Foundation, and Pakakamangen Foundation in District Kawangkoan.Results: From the research gained 61 people who met the inclusion criteria consisted of 4 men and 57 women. Based on age, and education level showed decline in cognitive function is most at 75-90 years old and last education level is Elementary School.Conclusion: The results of the MMSE and TMT in the elderly at three elderly people foundation in district Kawangkoan mostly with normal results on the MMSE and TMT abnormal.Keywords: Elderly, cognitive function, MMSE, TMT-A & B.AbstrakLatar belakang: Peningkatan jumlah penduduk lanjut usia menimbulkan berbagai masalah sosial, ekonomi, dan kesehatan. Masalah kesehatan yang sering terjadi pada usia lanjut ialah gangguan fungsi kognitif. Pemeriksaan yang cepat dan praktis namun nilainya tinggi adalah pemeriksaan Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) dan Trail Making Test (TMT). Pemeriksaan ini dilakukan dengan memberi serangkaian perintah pada seseorang dan menilai ketepatannya.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui gambaran fungsi kognitif pada lansia di tiga yayasan manula di kecamatan kawangkoan berdasarkan jenis kelamin, umur, dan pendidikan.Metode: Penelitian deskriptif dengan metode potong lintang, dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2012 bertempat di Yayasan Manula Pusat Kawangkoan Minahasa, Yayasan Maupusan, dan Yayasan Pakakamangen di Kecamatan Kawangkoan.Hasil: Dari penelitian diperoleh 61 orang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi terdiri dari 4 laki-laki dan 57 perempuan. Berdasarkan usia, dan tingkat pendidikan menunjukkan penurunan fungsi kognitif terbanyak adalah pada usia 75-90 tahun dan tingkat pendidikan terakhir SD.Kesimpulan: Hasil pemeriksaan MMSE dan TMT pada lansia di tiga yayasan manula di kecamatan Kawangkoan sebagian besar dengan hasil normal pada MMSE dan abnormal pada TMT.Kata kunci: Lansia, fungsi kognitif, MMSE, TMT-A & B.

scholarly journals COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS CONDITION OF POST-STROKE PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
V. R. Gerasymchuk ◽  
I. F. Uwa-Agbonikhena ◽  
L. T. Maksymchuk ◽  
M. Yu. Kupnovytska-Sabadosh ◽  
T. I. Nehrych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Status Assessment ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Moca Score

60 patients after a hemispheric ischemic stroke (IS) were examined. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Trail Making Test A and B (TMT), and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) were used for the cognitive status assessment. A decrease in the MMSE, FAB and MoCA score compared to the control group (CG) (p<0.05) was observed, with probable differences mainly in the domains of attention (p<0.05) and executive functions (p<0.05). An increase in the time of task execution by 45.5% was detected for TMT A (p <0.05) and 61.9% for TMT B (p <0.01), and violation of CDT performance compared to the CG (p<0.05). Thus, the study of cognitive status using TMT and CDT may be recommended for timely detection of the initial executive functions impairment.

scholarly journals The relationship between olfaction and cognitive function in the elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sae Uchida ◽  
Chiho Shimada ◽  
Naoko Sakuma ◽  
Fusako Kagitani ◽  
Akiko Kan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Attentional Function ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Identification Threshold ◽  
Olfactory Impairment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Examination

Abstract This study investigated the relationship between olfaction and cognitive function in 12 elderly people (age: 80.9 ± 1.6) living in the community. Olfactory function was assessed by the identification threshold for rose odor. Four cognitive measures consisting general cognitive ability assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), its sub-domains, and attentional ability assessed by drawing a line to connect the numbers consecutively (trail-making test part A; TMT-A), were assessed. Subjects with a higher olfactory threshold (≥ 5) declined more in the performance speed of TMT-A (73% ± 7%, p = 0.05) compared with those subjects with a lower threshold (≤ 4) (averaged value was set at 100%). Other cognitive statuses assessed by MMSE tended to decline in subjects with higher thresholds. Because attentional function relates to the basal forebrain cholinergic system, our results suggest that olfactory impairment links to the decline in cognitive function, particularly of attention-relating cholinergic function.

scholarly journals Is the Mini-Mental State Examination the best cognitive screening test for less educated people?

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Felipe Scarabelot ◽  
Mariane de Moraes Monteiro ◽  
Mauren Carneiro da Silva Rubert ◽  
Viviane de Hiroki Flumignan Zetola
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Recall Test ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Fluency Test

ABSTRACT Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) results are strongly influenced by educational level. The Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB) is an alternative assessment tool that provides more accurate results in individuals with less education. Objective: Our aim was to compare the MMSE and BCSB as screening tests. Methods: The MMSE and BCSB were assessed in 112 participants by two evaluators blind to the other test's result. Participants were classified according to their level of education. The influence of education level was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and multiple comparison tests. Results: Scores of the MMSE (p < 0.0001) and the clock-drawing test (p < 0.0001) were influenced by education level but the delayed recall test score was not (p = 0.0804). The verbal fluency test (p = 0.00035) was influenced only by higher educational levels. It took three minutes less to apply the MMSE than to apply the BCSB (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: These findings suggest that the delayed recall test and the verbal fluency test of the BCSB are better than the MMSE and clock-drawing test as tools for evaluating cognition in people with limited education.

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