A unique combination of Alchornea cordifolia and Pterocarpus santalinoides in the management of multi-drug resistant diarrhoegenic bacterial infection.

Recently, several molecular imaging strategies have developed to image bacterial infections in humans. Nuclear approaches, specifically positron emission tomography (PET), affords sensitive detection and the ability to non-invasively locate infections deep within the body. Two key radiotracer classes have arisen: metabolic approaches targeting bacterial specific biochemical transformations, and antibiotic-based approaches that have inherent selectivity for bacteria over mammalian cells. A critical question for clinical application of antibiotic radiotracers is whether resistance to the template antibiotic abrogates specific uptake, thus diminishing the predictive value of the diagnostic test. We recently developed small-molecule PET radiotracers based on the antibiotic trimethoprim (TMP), including [11C]-TMP, and have shown their selectivity for imaging bacteria in preclinical models. Here, we measure the in vitro uptake of [11C]-TMP in pathogenic susceptible and drug-resistant bacterial strains. Both resistant and susceptible bacteria showed similar in vitro uptake, which led us to perform whole genome sequencing of these isolates to identify the mechanisms of TMP resistance that permit retained radiotracer binding. By interrogating these isolate genomes and a broad panel of previously sequenced strains, we reveal mechanisms where uptake or binding of TMP radiotracers can potentially be maintained despite the annotation of genes conferring antimicrobial resistance. Finally, we present several examples of patients with both TMP-sensitive and drug-resistant infections in our first-in-human experience with [11C]-TMP. This work underscores the ability of an antibiotic radiotracer to image bacterial infection in patients, which may allow insights into human bacterial pathogenesis, infection diagnosis, and antimicrobial response monitoring.

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Nanodot–doped peptide hydrogel for antibacterial phototherapy and would healing

Biomaterials Science ◽

10.1039/d1bm01533h ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Xuan Wang ◽

Lin Qiu ◽

Cheng Wang ◽

Zihan Gao ◽

Shuwen Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infection ◽

Healing Process ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Breeding Ground ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Chronic Trauma ◽

Would Healing ◽

Peptide Hydrogel

Bacterial infection of the wounds delays the healing process, increases the risk of becoming chronic trauma associated with pain and complications, and offers a breeding ground for drug-resistant bacteria. A...

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Infections in the Transplant Patient

10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0056 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander Billioux

Keyword(s):

Transplant Patient ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Unique Combination ◽

Risk Of Infection ◽

Urinary Catheters ◽

Endotracheal Tubes ◽

Transplant Patients ◽

Resistant Species ◽

Surgical Wounds ◽

Clinical Presentations

Recipients of donor-derived tissues and organs are at particularly high risk of infection because of their unique combination of risk factors. Chronic illness results in more exposure to health care contexts in which pathogens—especially drug-resistant species—might be acquired. The transplant surgery itself compromises anatomical barriers to infection via indwelling venous and urinary catheters, endotracheal tubes, and surgical wounds. Donor-derived tissues and organs may harbor infectious pathogens undetected during rapid pre-transplant evaluations. The immunosuppression necessary to prevent rejection of donor tissues increases the risk of infection. In addition, each type of transplanted organ bears unique infectious risks. Many pathogens seen in post-transplant patients have unique clinical presentations. Infections in the transplant patient can vary depending on time from transplantation, the type of organ transplanted, and the primary manifestation of the infection.

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Compositional and drug-resistance profiling of pathogens in patients with severe acute pancreatitis: a retrospective study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-42052/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ning Fan ◽

Yong Hu ◽

Hong Shen ◽

Shengjie Liu ◽

Guang Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Bacterial Infection ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Unconditional Logistic Regression ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative

Abstract Background: Infection is one of the important causes of death in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) , but the bacterial spectrum and antibiotic resistance are constantly changing. Making good use of antibiotics and controlling multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections are of vital importance in improving the cure rate of SAP. We conducted a retrospective study in the hope of providing references for antibiotic selection and control of drug-resistant bacteria. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on the data of patients hospitalized in our hospital due to acute pancreatitis (AP) in the past 5 years. General data were classified and statistically analyzed. Subsequently, the bacterial spectrum characteristics and the data related to drug-resistant bacterial infection of 569 AP patients were analyzed. Finally, unconditional logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the risk factors of MDR infection. Results: A total of 398 patients were enrolled in this study and the hospitalization data and associated results were analyzed. A total of 461 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected, including 223 (48.4%) gram-negative bacterial strains, 190 (41.2%) gram-positive bacterial strains and 48 (10.4%) fungal strains. The detection rates of resistance in gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial strains were 48.0% (107/223) and 25.3% (48/190), respectively. There were significant differences between the MDR group and the non-MDR group for the factors of precautionary antibiotic use, kinds of antibiotics used, receipt of carbapenem, tracheal intubation, hemofiltration and number of hospitalization days in the intensive care unit. Unconditional logistic regression revealed 2 risk factors for MDR bacterial infection. Conclusions: Our results illustrate that gram-negative bacteria were the most common pathogens in SAP infection, and the proportion of gram-positive bacteria increased notably. The rate of antibiotic resistance was higher than previously reported. Unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that using more types of antibiotics and the number of hospitalization days in the ICU were the risk factors associated with MDR bacterial infection.

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Effectiveness of Commonly Used Antibiotics in Combination with Honey Against Bacterial Infection

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3126/tujm.v7i0.33797 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 51-61

Author(s):

Niraj Shrestha ◽

Shova Shrestha ◽

Bharat Mani Pokharel

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Bacterial Infection ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Acinetobacter Species ◽

The Difference ◽

Antibiotic Combination

Objectives: The study was carried out to compare the inhibitory effects between commonly used antibiotics and bee honey samples, so as to correlate the inhibitory effects between bee honey alone and in combination with antibiotics. Methods: This study was carried out between December 2012 to September 2013. A total of one hundred and twenty-two clinical microbiological specimens and five different floral sourced honey samples were collected between December 2012 to September 2013. Twenty-three multi-drug resistant organisms were selected. Then, AST for commonly used antibiotics, honey alone and combination of honey-antibiotics discs was done. The difference in ZOI of antibiotic contrasting with the antibiotics containing honey were statistically analysed to define the synergism. Results: The inhibition due to honey is variable among bacteria types (F=39.17, p<0.05). From means plot, Staphylococcus and Acinetobacter were recognized as highly susceptible bacteria for honey (Χ = 21.1 ± 6.2 mm and Χ = 18.3 ± 3.3 mm respectively) but Acinetobacter species could not show synergism to honey-antibiotic combination. The tested organisms from Enterobacteriaceae family showed effective susceptibility to Chloramphenicol-honey mixture. Imipenem-honey combination and Gentamicin-honey combination showed significant effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion: Thus, honey can be used in various bacteria-directed infections and found to be effective in various infections. Incorporation of honey in antibiotics like Chloramphenicol, Imipenem, and Gentamicin work better in healing various infection.

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Combating drug-resistant bacterial infection using biodegradable nanoparticles assembled from comb-like polycarbonates grafted with amphiphilic polyquaternium

Journal of Materials Chemistry B ◽

10.1039/d0tb02233k ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yanliang Dong ◽

Shuyue Zhao ◽

Changrong Wang ◽

Wenshuai Liu ◽

Yumin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infection ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Biodegradable Nanoparticles

A comb-like cationic polycarbonate grafted with amphiphilic polyquaternium for curbing drug-resistant bacterial infection.

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Compositional and drug-resistance profiling of pathogens in patients with severe acute pancreatitis: a retrospective study

BMC Gastroenterology ◽

10.1186/s12876-020-01563-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ning Fan ◽

Yong Hu ◽

Hong Shen ◽

Shengjie Liu ◽

Guang Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Bacterial Infection ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Unconditional Logistic Regression ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative

Abstract Background Infection is one of the important causes of death in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), but the bacterial spectrum and antibiotic resistance are constantly changing. Making good use of antibiotics and controlling multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections are of vital importance in improving the cure rate of SAP. We conducted a retrospective study in the hope of providing references for antibiotic selection and control of drug-resistant bacteria. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on the data of patients hospitalized in our hospital due to acute pancreatitis (AP) in the past 5 years. General data were classified and statistically analyzed. Subsequently, the bacterial spectrum characteristics and the data related to drug-resistant bacterial infection of 569 AP patients were analyzed. Finally, unconditional logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the risk factors of MDR infection. Results A total of 398 patients were enrolled in this study and the hospitalization data and associated results were analyzed. A total of 461 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected, including 223 (48.4%) gram-negative bacterial strains, 190 (41.2%) gram-positive bacterial strains and 48 (10.4%) fungal strains. The detection rates of resistance in gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial strains were 48.0% (107/223) and 25.3% (48/190), respectively. There were significant differences between the MDR group and the non-MDR group for the factors of precautionary antibiotic use, kinds of antibiotics used, receipt of carbapenem, tracheal intubation, hemofiltration and number of hospitalization days in the intensive care unit. Unconditional logistic regression revealed 2 risk factors for MDR bacterial infection. Conclusions Our results illustrate that gram-negative bacteria were the most common pathogens in SAP infection, and the proportion of gram-positive bacteria increased notably. The rate of antibiotic resistance was higher than previously reported. Unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that using more types of antibiotics and the number of hospitalization days in the ICU were the risk factors associated with MDR bacterial infection.

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