On the Major Differences between the Banking Systems of the EAEU States

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-406
Author(s):  
T. E. Chekanova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Banking Regulation ◽  
Member States ◽  
Banking Systems ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Major Factors

The presented study examines the problems of integration of the national banking systems of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).Aim. The study aims to examine the major differences in various aspects of functioning of banking systems in the EAEU member states in terms of their impact on integration processes.Tasks. The author identifies the most prominent features of the banking systems of the EAEU states; reveals the depth of the existing differences through a comparative analysis of various indicators of national banking systems; outlines ways of overcoming integration problems associated with differences in the banking sectors of the Union states.Methods. This study is based on universal general scientific methods and elements of comparative, functional, and economic analysis within the framework of a systems approach. The author uses regulatory documents and banking reports of the EAEU states, statistical and analytical materials of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC), and data of Moody’s international rating agency.Results. The study identifies a number of aspects that contain the major differences in the functioning of banking systems in the EAEU member states; highlights the disproportions in the scale, level of development, financial stability, and risks of the banking spheres of the Union states; comparatively analyzes the proportion of banking and non-banking structures in the system and the share of the government and non-resident companies in the capital of banks; marks the difference in the pricing of banking services; determines differences in the existing approaches to banking regulation and the established standards; analyzes the major differences in the legislative acts of the central banks and governments of the EAEU member states and in the terms and definitions used. According to the results of the study, the major factors hindering the development of integration processes between the banking systems of the EAEU states are identified.Conclusions. The existing differences between the banking systems of the EAEU countries are diverse and multifaceted. The author states that the aspects addressed in this study have a significant negative impact on the further development of integration processes, describing the major directions and actions of the member states aimed at minimizing the exiting differences, which are required to facilitate the convergence of the states and the transition towards a common financial market.

Money growth variability and output: evidence with credit card-augmented Divisia monetary aggregates

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinan Liu ◽  
Apostolos Serletis
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Credit Cards ◽  
Money Growth ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
Growth Variability ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Growth Volatility

Abstract We reexamine the effects of the variability of money growth on output, raised by Mascaro and Meltzer (1983), in the era of the increasing use of alternative payments, such as credit cards. Using a bivariate VARMA, GARCH-in-Mean, asymmetric BEKK model, we find that the volatility of the credit card-augmented Divisia M4 monetary aggregate has a statistically significant negative impact on output from 2006:7 to 2019:3. However, there is no effect of the traditional Divisia M4 growth volatility on real economic activity. We conclude that the balance sheet targeting monetary policies after the financial crisis in 2007–2009 should pay more attention on the broad credit card-augmented Divisia M4 aggregate to address economic and financial stability.

scholarly journals Determinants of Non-Performing Loans: Perception of Nepali Bankers

2016 ◽  
pp. 128-148
Author(s):  
Seema Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Government ◽  
Budgetary Expenditure

The paper discusses the perception of Nepalese bankers regarding the determinants of nonperforming loan in Nepalese commercial banks. The paper is based on primary information collected from 140 bankers working in large ten commercial banks of Nepal. The bankers of Nepalese commercial bank perceive that energy crisis; lack of timely budgetary expenditure by the government and instable political environment increases the non-performing loan. Similarly bankers also perceive that borrowers honesty in disclosing the information, better monitoring and evaluation of the loan, have significant negative impact on non-performing loan. However, the banker’s perception shows that the macroeconomic variables like unemployment rate, inflation rate, exchange rate and interest rate are not much important variables to influence non-performing loan of the commercial banks of Nepal. The bankers also perceive that the increase in GDP growth rate decrease the non-performing loan of commercial banks in Nepal.Economic Journal of Development Issues Vol. 17 & 18 No. 1-2 (2014) Combined Issue, Page: 128-148

scholarly journals Survey of knowledge and attitude of people about air pollution in Tehran, Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ahmadfazeli ◽  
Zohreh Hesami ◽  
Ali Ghanbari ◽  
Mohammad Safari ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Has-sanvand
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
The Government

Introduction: The importance of air quality and paying attention to what we breathe have been valuable always. So that air pollution is one of the key environmental issues in urban communities. Several studies show that the potential effects of air pollution on human health include increased mortality and changes in cardiovascular and respiratory functions.   Materials and methods: The population of this study was people in 22 dis-tricts of Tehran megacity. The questionnaires were placed at the municipality centers of 22 districts and randomly completed by people who came to the center. Questions included the importance of air pollution, the comparison of air quality with last year, the main sources of air pollution, the problems created by air pollution, the quality of informing system, as well as questions about their satisfaction about government’s actions on air pollution control plans. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 24.   Results: 84.14 % of the participants stated that air pollution is important to them and has a negative influence on their lives. Also, most of them were not satisfied with the measures taken and expected that actions would be better to reduce air pollution. 91.10 % of the participants considered cars as the main causes of air pollution. Also, 68.22 % of people believed that air pollution had a significant negative impact on their quality of life.   Conclusion: Most people are willing to live at a higher cost but a less pol-luted environment, while more of them are not well aware of their role in reducing air pollution. Moreover further education should be provided on the role of people in reducing air pollution. Additionally, the government must deal with air pollutants and take serious measures.

DOES FISCAL DEFICIT CROWD OUT PRIVATE CORPORATE SECTOR INVESTMENT IN INDIA?

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (05) ◽  
pp. 1201-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
RANJAN KUMAR MOHANTY
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Fiscal Deficit ◽  
Corporate Sector ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Financing Pattern ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact of fiscal deficit and its financing pattern on private corporate sector investment in India, for the period from 1970–1971 to 2012–2013. Using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Models, the study finds that fiscal deficit crowds out private investment both in the long run and in the short run. The results also show that internal (domestic) financing of fiscal deficit has significant negative impact on private investment but external (foreign) financing of fiscal deficit has insignificant effect. In the short run, availability of bank credit plays a more important role in investment decision making than the rate of interest in India. The study suggests that government should maintain the fiscal deficit within a sustainable level by reducing its unnecessary non-developmental expenditure, subsidies etc. The government should restructure its financing pattern of fiscal deficit since internal financing has a significant negative impact on private investment.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Non-Performing Loan on Profitability: An Empirical Study on Banking Sector of Dhaka Stock Exchange

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Rozina Akter ◽  
Jewel Kumar Roy
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Net Interest Margin ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

The Banking sector of Bangladesh is trapped in a gridlock of non-performing loans (NPLs) so much so that NPL accounts for 11.60 percent of the total volume of classified loans. This problem has started to be widening with an evil trend of loan embezzlement among the industrial borrowers in our country. Frequent scam series in banking industry is surely a red light and unfortunately the commercial banks are highly surrounded by it. The goal of the study is to analyze the impact of non-performing loan (NPL) on profitability where in this study considered net interest margin (NIM). This paper attempts to find out the time series scenario of non-performing loans (NPLs), its growth, provisions and relation with banks profitability by using some ratios and a linear regression model of econometric technique. The empirical results represent that non-performing loan (NPL) as percentage of total loans on listed banks in Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) is very high and they holds more than 50 % of total non-performing loans (NPLs) of the listed 30 banks in Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) for year 2008 to 2013. Moreover it is one of the major factors of influencing banks profitability and it has statistically significant negative impact on net profit margin (NPM) of listed banks for the study periods.

scholarly journals Labor efficiency, government spending and productivity nexus based on panel ARDL approach: Evidence from selected European countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Xuezhou ◽  
Rana Yassir Hussain ◽  
Haroon Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Saad ◽  
Sikandar Ali Qalati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Panel Ardl ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Ardl Approach ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Government

Abstract The current study advocates the role of efficient labor, average gross earnings per person, government spending, and quality of human life in defining the productivity of thirteen European countries. This study applied panel ARDL approach for data period ranging from 2001 to 2016. The results, in the long run, suggested that more efficient labor, increased gross earnings, and higher HDI causes higher productivity in the selected European countries. However, the results for the gross earnings were positive but insignificant. Government spending and inflation had a significant negative impact on productivity. These results suggest to keep inflation in check and limit the government expenditure to human development and to the productive uses in the selected countries.

scholarly journals THE FLAWS OF THE SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTING FOR THE VALUE-ADDED TAX LIABILITIES AND RECEIVABLES, AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR OVERCOMING THEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1613-1618
Author(s):  
Nada Petrusheva ◽  
Darko Iliov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Consumption Tax ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Reduced Rate

Value-added tax (VAT) is a consumption tax, meaning that it is a tax on the purchase of a product or a service. It is a form of taxation that focuses on how much an individual consumes opposed to how much that individual contributes to the economy (income tax).Value-added tax is paid by residents of any country in the European Union. Both consumers and businesses are liable to pay VAT when purchasing products or services. When a manufacturer creates a product, it is liable to pay value-added tax on the components purchased in order to create goods. When the product is sold, the tax burden is transferred onto the buyer, who pays the whole VAT amount, from which the manufacturer pays the government the difference between the whole VAT amount and the VAT amount that has already been paid when the components were purchased. Value-added taxation rates are set by the member states individually. The minimum rate of VAT as directed by the European Union is 15%. There is no maximum limit on value-added taxation. Member states are also at liberty to choose certain products and services to be subject to a reduced rate of VAT or to be exempt altogether. The system of accounting for the VAT liabilities and receivables in the Republic of Macedonia has certain issues which are presented in this paper. This paper also presents recommendations that are aimed towards overcoming these issues.

scholarly journals The effect of characteristics differences in vertical pair of executives and equity incentives on enterprise performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 336 ◽  
pp. 09009
Author(s):  
Yu Lu ◽  
Ruijie Xu
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Enterprise Performance ◽  
Senior Executives ◽  
Equity Incentives ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Leading Enterprises

Taken the leading enterprises in the Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2013 to 2017 as the research samples, the effect of characteristics differences in vertical pair of executives and equity incentives on enterprise performance was empirically analyzed. Constructing multiple linear regression model tested hypothesis. The results show that the interaction between equity incentives and the difference in age of vertical pair of senior executives has a significant negative impact on enterprise performance; the interaction between equity incentives and the difference in education of vertical pair of senior executives has a significant positive impact on enterprise performance.

scholarly journals RULES AND ADJUSTMENT OF FISCAL POLICY

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Vasyl KUDRYASHOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fiscal Rules ◽  
Finance Management ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Budget Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Supranational Regulation ◽  
The Eu

The issue of using fiscal rules in budget policy implementation is covered (namely, one of the innovative mechanisms aimed at limiting fiscal imbalances and enhancing positive impacts on economic and social development). An analysis of approaches to determining the content of fiscal rules is carried out. The content’s interpretation is proposed, which reflects not only restrictive, but also corrective functions. The IMF recommendations on application of fiscal rules and supranational regulation of budget policy in the framework of integration associations, as well as their positive and negative impact on the development of Member States, were considered. It is noted that fiscal rules should be sufficiently balanced and flexible for their use in public administration. In order to increase the effectiveness of fiscal rules, significant changes have been made in the EU regarding their composition over the past years. The authors reveal the main objectives of application of fiscal rules, as well as their importance in increasing the budgetary responsibility of the government, particularly, to ensure budgetary discipline, as well as the effectiveness of spending funds. Mechanisms for adjusting the fiscal policies that are introduced in framework of fiscal rules are outlined. Particular attention is paid to measures to continue fiscal consolidation, as well as to support economic growth and financial stability. It is concluded that strengthening rigidity of fiscal rules at the supranational level in the EU hampered flexibility in managing budget resources, hence they require reform. With the use of fiscal rules, the issues of amending the institutional structure of public finance management and deepening the transparency of budget operations have been actualized. It is noted that changes to application of fiscal rules are important enough for Ukraine. The rules used in our state are insufficient and do not fully solve the tasks assigned to them. They require expansion and improvement, as well as introduction of effective implementation mechanisms. To improve the effectiveness of fiscal policy in Ukraine, one should take into account the experience of foreign countries, as well as develop and implement more detailed and flexible fiscal rules.

Abstract WP431: Comparing EMS and Emergency Department Last Known Well Times in Ohio

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mussa Zatreh ◽  
Melissa Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Hospital Size ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Revascularization Therapy

Introduction: During the hyperacute phase of acute stroke management, time the patient was last known well (LKW) is a critical data element. Hospital Emergency Department (ED) personnel rely on accurate information reported by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) prior to arrival, which triggers the intensity of resources organized to determine patient eligibility for revascularization therapy. Over-triage can cause “alarm fatigue”, provider burnout, and/or overutilization of valuable resources. Conversely, under triage may cause a delay in, or lack of, revascularization therapy, which can have significant negative impact on the patient’s outcome. A review of the literature revealed contradictory data about the accuracy of LKW as reported by EMS. Purpose: The purpose of this project is to determine frequency and magnitude of discrepancies between LKW as reported by EMS and ED. The data was analyzed for trends that may influence discrepancies, such as hospital size, location, and patient demographics. Methods: Data on 2,092 patients from 49 hospitals was analyzed from Get With The Guidelines®-Stroke. The difference in the LKW (ΔLKW) was calculated based on source of documentation from EMS or ED. Three datasets were created based on the magnitude of the ΔLKW. For each dataset, the mean, median and patient demographics such as mean age, race, and stroke type were calculated. Results: Of 2,092 patients, 951 (45%) showed an exact match between LKW as reported by EMS and ED (ΔLKW=0), whereas 1,141 patients (55%) showed a discrepancy in the LKW (ΔLKW>0). Discrepancies were not influenced by hospital location or size. Of the overall population, 54% were male, 18% were black, and 73% were diagnosed with an ischemic stroke. The mean age was 72 years. Further collaboration is needed between EMS and ED personnel to improve the accuracy of LKW, and thereby improve patient care and provider efficiency.

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