scholarly journals Validation of Prototype Research Software– Infant Prakriti Assessment (PRS-IPA): Inferences from a Cross Sectional Pattern

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-395
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Kappa Coefficient ◽  
Cohen’S Kappa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Research Software ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Cohen's Kappa ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Assessment Questionnaire

Introduction: Prakriti determination in an infant helps to live more healthy and prosperous life by changing their rearing plan accordingly to prevent onset of related disorders in future. Validation under this study was planned to evaluate the agreement between Infant’s Prakriti Assessment questionnaire (IPAQ) and PRS-IPA (Prototype Research Software-Infant Prakriti Assessment), a software for Prakriti assessment in infants. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in Sir Sunderlal Hospital BHU and data were analyzed through two step Prakriti determination process i.e. first, by Infant’s Prakriti Assessment questionnaire (IPAQ) and second by PRS-IPA. Validation was done by Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient and Cohen's kappa coefficient. Observations and Result: In this study, Cohen's kappa coefficient was found 0.955 which is highly significant. Prakriti assessed by PRS-IPA software is valid. Validation by Spearman’s Rank Correlation coefficient was also found highly significant (p=0.000). Discussion & Conclusion: The data, derived from spearman’s and kappa suggest its validity and PRS-IPA can be used for the Prakriti assessment with accuracy in infants

scholarly journals Reproducibility and relative validity of a newly developed web-based food-frequency questionnaire for assessment of preconception diet

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Salvesen ◽  
E. R. Hillesund ◽  
F. N. Vik ◽  
A. L. Brantsæter ◽  
N. C. Øverby
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cohen’S Kappa ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Relative Validity ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Cohen's Kappa ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Median Correlation

Abstract Background The importance of diet and nutrition during preconception age is a window of opportunity to promote future parental and transgenerational health. As a sub-study to a large Norwegian study, ‘Diet today – health of tomorrow’, a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was developed to assess diet during the preconception phase in young adults aged 20 – 30 years and in this paper we report the reproducibility and relative validity of this questionnaire. Methods The FFQ was developed from an existing FFQ validated in adolescents. Participants were recruited on social media and at a university. Reproducibility was assessed by comparing the test and retest of the FFQ. Relative validity was assessed by comparing intake measured by the FFQ with a 7-day weighed food record. Energy, nutrients and food intake were used to assess the reproducibility and relative validity of the FFQ. The study applied the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, percentage of agreement and Cohen’s Kappa to assess reproducibility and validity. Results There were 32 participants recruited to the study, of which 21 participants completed both the test-retest reproducibility and the relative validation. The test-retest reproducibility had a median correlation coefficient of 0.85 for energy and nutrients, a median Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of 0.75 and a median Cohen’s Kappa of 0.51 for food groups. The relative validity of the FFQ had a median correlation coefficient of 0.59 for energy and nutrients, a median Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of 0.54 and a median Cohen’s Kappa of 0.28 for food groups. Conclusion This newly developed FFQ for preconception diet in young adults had a satisfactory test-retest reproducibility and fair relative validity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of an incompetent lip seal during growth periods throughout Japan: a large-scale, survey-based, cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Nogami ◽  
Issei Saitoh ◽  
Emi Inada ◽  
Daisuke Murakami ◽  
Yoko Iwase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lip Seal ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient

Abstract Background Systemic and local factors may lead to disruption of craniofacial growth and development, causing an imbalance between the orofacial skeleton, muscle and soft tissue, dental occlusion, and the dental arch during growth periods. We aimed to reveal whether the prevalence of incompetent lip seal (ILS) varies with age and region, as well as to clarify the factors related to an ILS, in a national, large-scale epidemiological study. Methods We surveyed 3399 children, from 3 to 12 years of age, visiting 66 pediatric dental clinics throughout Japan. For this survey, we employed a questionnaire consisting of 44 questions regarding daily health conditions and lifestyle habits. We evaluated the differences in ILS prevalence by age and region (using a Cochran-Armitage test for trend and a Kruskal-Wallis test), and the relationship between ILS and factors investigated in the questionnaire (using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient). Results We observed that 30.7% of Japanese children exhibited an ILS and that the ILS rate increased with age (p < 0.001). There were no regional differences in the rate of ILS in Japanese children (p = 0.506). We revealed that 12 of 44 survey items exhibited a statistically significant correlation with ILS (p < 0.001), using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. These items involved orofacial morphology, mouth breathing, and possibly, allergic rhinitis. Conclusion The rate of ILS seems to increase with age in children, throughout Japan. Therefore, this disorder may not self-correct during the growth periods in these children. Guidelines are required for pediatric dentists to recognize ILS among children aged 3–12 years.

scholarly journals Correlation between nasopharyngoscopy and cephalometry in the diagnosis of hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsils

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Berwig ◽  
Ana da Silva ◽  
Eliane Corrêa ◽  
Eliane Serpa ◽  
Rodrigo Ritzel
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Tonsil Hyperplasia ◽  
Pharyngeal Tonsil

Summary Introduction: Hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsil is one of the main causes of mouth breathing, and accurate diagnosis of this alteration is important for proper therapeutic planning. Therefore, studies have been conducted in order to provide information regarding the procedures that can be used for the diagnosis of pharyngeal obstruction. Objective: To verify the correlation between nasopharyngoscopy and cephalometric examinations in the diagnosis of pharyngeal tonsil hyperplasia. Method: This was a cross-sectional, clinical, experimental, and quantitative study. Fifty-five children took part in this study, 30 girls and 25 boys, aged between 7 and 11 years. The children underwent nasofibropharyngoscopic and cephalometric evaluation to determine the grade of nasopharyngeal obstruction. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient at the 5% significance level was used to verify the correlation between these exams. Results: In the nasopharyngoscopy evaluation, most children showed grade 2 and 3 hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsil, which was followed by grade 1. In the cephalometry assessment, most children showed grade 1 hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsil, which was followed by grade 2. A statistically significant regular positive correlation was observed between the exams. Conclusion: It was concluded that the evaluation of the pharyngeal tonsil hyperplasia could be carried out by fiber optic nasopharyngoscopy and cephalometry, as these examinations were regularly correlated. However, it was found that cephalometry tended to underestimate the size of the pharyngeal tonsil relative to nasopharyngoscopy.

scholarly journals The relationship between the effectiveness of performing technical elements and indicators of static and dynamic balance in young acrobats 6-7 years old

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
T. Chernykh ◽  
V. Mulyk ◽  
K. Mulyk ◽  
А. Skaliy ◽  
А. Ostrowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Equilibrium Test ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: to determine the relationship between the performance of basic elements and indicators of static and dynamic balance in the training process of young acrobats 6-7 years. Material and methods. The study involved 16 young acrobats at the stage of initial training (age 6-7 years). All parents of the participants gave written consent for the participation of children in the study. The study involved testing the technique of performing basic elements of sports acrobatics and assessing the static and dynamic balance of young athletes. The relationship between (swallow, shoulder blade, forward squat, wheel (sideways overturning), bridges) and static and dynamic equilibrium tests was determined. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient method was used as a method of statistical analysis. Results. It is established that the largest relationship between the performance of basic elements and static balance in the basic exercises of young acrobats have: Romberg's test with the elements "Swallow", "Stand on the shoulders", "Bridge"; Biryuk test with elements "Swallow", "Wheel", "Bridge"; balance "Swallow" with elements "Swallow", "Wheel"; static equilibrium test with the elements "Swallow", "Rack on the shoulders", "Rolling forward with a squat", "Wheel". Reliable values ​​of the correlation coefficient were established between the tests of dynamic balance and the basic elements of sports acrobatics in young athletes 6-7 years, namely: "Swallow", "Flip forward with a squat", "Wheel" and "Bridge". The analysis of special tests of static and dynamic balance in mastering the basic elements of acrobatics at the first stage of long-term training makes it possible to use them to determine the level of coordination capabilities of young athletes and further improve the use of acrobatic exercises. Conclusions. A reliable relationship between the performance of basic exercises and indicators of static and dynamic balance in young acrobats at the initial stage of training. It is shown that the level of static and dynamic balance is of great importance for the assimilation and improvement of basic elements of technology by young acrobats 6-7 years. Static and dynamic balance tests can be used to individually build training programs and young acrobats. It is shown that sports acrobatics is a significant means of developing the balance of children 6-7 years.

scholarly journals The association between parameters of oral mucosal immunity and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with rampant caries

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
A. S. Putneva ◽  
T. M. Karavaeva ◽  
M. V. Maksimenya ◽  
P. P. Tereshkov ◽  
M. N. Mishchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Tgf Β1 ◽  
Rampant Caries

Aim. To determine the saliva level of immunoregulatory proteins in patients with rampant caries and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency and evaluate the association of their concentration with 25(OH)D plasma level.Materials and methods. The study was performed in two groups. The experimental group included 15 patients aged 20–22 years with rampant caries and the 25(OH)D plasma level of < 20 ng / ml. The control group encompassed 15 healthy age-matched volunteers with the 25(OH)D plasma level of 20–100 ng / ml. The concentrations of B7.2 (CD86), free active TGF-β1, CTLA-4, PD-1, Tim-3, LAG-3, IGFBP-4, and ICAM-1 were assessed using flow cytometry. The levels of LL-37 and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were measured using ELISA. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to reveal a correlation between the indicated proteins and the 25(OH)D plasma level.Results. A decrease in B7.2 (CD86), PD-1, Tim-3, sIgA, and LL-37 and elevation of IGFBP-4 and ICAM-1 saliva levels were detected in patients with rampant caries and 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency. A positive Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was revealed between plasma 25(OH)D and saliva levels of free active TGF-β1, CTLA4, B7.2 (CD86), LL-37, and sIgA. A negative correlation was revealed between 25(OH)Dand ICAM-1.Conclusion. 25(OH)D deficiency in patients with rampant caries is associated with decreased levels of B7.2 (CD86), PD-1, Tim-3, sIgA, and LL-37 and elevated levels of IGFBP-4 and ICAM-1 in the saliva. 

scholarly journals Dose Correlation of Danggui and Chuanxiong Drug Pairs in the Chinese Medicine Prescription Based on the Copula Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xuan Zhao ◽  
Wei Lin ◽  
Jiawei Li ◽  
Yunhui Chen ◽  
Anamica Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Copula Function ◽  
Prescription Database ◽  
Irregular Menstruation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient

Dosage is essential for studying the compatibility and effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine. Danggui and Chuanxiong are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for ailments and treatment of various disorders. 628 traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions containing Danggui and Chuanxiong were extracted from the self-built prescription database and screened for the three groups of prescriptions, i.e., irregular menstruation, sores, and stroke. We processed and tested the dosage of Danggui and Chuanxiong and selected the optimal copula function, Gumbel copula function, from the Archimedes function family and elliptical copula function family to establish the data model. To establish the presence of a correlation between the dose of Danggui and Chuanxiong, a graph of the joint distribution function of rank correlation coefficients, Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, was used. Our results suggest that the model using the Gumbel copula function better reflects the correlation between the dose of Danggui and Chuanxiong. For irregular menstruation, sores, and strokes, Kendall’s rank correlation coefficients were 0.6724, 0.5930, and 0.7757, respectively, and Spearman’s correlation coefficients were 0.8536, 0.7812, and 0.9285, respectively. In all three prescription groups, the dose of Danggui and Chuanxiong was positively correlated, implying that, as the dosage of one drug increases, the dosage of the other increases as well. From the perspective of data mining and mathematical statistics, the use of the copula function model to evaluate the correlation between the prescribed dosage of the two drugs was innovative and provided a new model for the scientific interpretation of the compatibility of traditional drugs. This might also serve to guide the clinical use of traditional Chinese medicine.

scholarly journals Feature Genes Selection Using Supervised Locally Linear Embedding and Correlation Coefficient for Microarray Classification

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiucheng Xu ◽  
Huiyu Mu ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Fangzhou Huang
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Feature Selection Method ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Locally Linear Embedding ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Linear Embedding ◽  
Locally Linear

The selection of feature genes with high recognition ability from the gene expression profiles has gained great significance in biology. However, most of the existing methods have a high time complexity and poor classification performance. Motivated by this, an effective feature selection method, called supervised locally linear embedding and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (SLLE-SC2), is proposed which is based on the concept of locally linear embedding and correlation coefficient algorithms. Supervised locally linear embedding takes into account class label information and improves the classification performance. Furthermore, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient is used to remove the coexpression genes. The experiment results obtained on four public tumor microarray datasets illustrate that our method is valid and feasible.

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