Reasoning of Causal Direction in Linear Model Based on Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient

2019 ◽  
pp. 259-270
Author(s):  
Boxu Zhao ◽  
Guiming Luo
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Causal Direction ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient

scholarly journals The relationship between the effectiveness of performing technical elements and indicators of static and dynamic balance in young acrobats 6-7 years old

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
T. Chernykh ◽  
V. Mulyk ◽  
K. Mulyk ◽  
А. Skaliy ◽  
А. Ostrowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Equilibrium Test ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: to determine the relationship between the performance of basic elements and indicators of static and dynamic balance in the training process of young acrobats 6-7 years. Material and methods. The study involved 16 young acrobats at the stage of initial training (age 6-7 years). All parents of the participants gave written consent for the participation of children in the study. The study involved testing the technique of performing basic elements of sports acrobatics and assessing the static and dynamic balance of young athletes. The relationship between (swallow, shoulder blade, forward squat, wheel (sideways overturning), bridges) and static and dynamic equilibrium tests was determined. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient method was used as a method of statistical analysis. Results. It is established that the largest relationship between the performance of basic elements and static balance in the basic exercises of young acrobats have: Romberg's test with the elements "Swallow", "Stand on the shoulders", "Bridge"; Biryuk test with elements "Swallow", "Wheel", "Bridge"; balance "Swallow" with elements "Swallow", "Wheel"; static equilibrium test with the elements "Swallow", "Rack on the shoulders", "Rolling forward with a squat", "Wheel". Reliable values ​​of the correlation coefficient were established between the tests of dynamic balance and the basic elements of sports acrobatics in young athletes 6-7 years, namely: "Swallow", "Flip forward with a squat", "Wheel" and "Bridge". The analysis of special tests of static and dynamic balance in mastering the basic elements of acrobatics at the first stage of long-term training makes it possible to use them to determine the level of coordination capabilities of young athletes and further improve the use of acrobatic exercises. Conclusions. A reliable relationship between the performance of basic exercises and indicators of static and dynamic balance in young acrobats at the initial stage of training. It is shown that the level of static and dynamic balance is of great importance for the assimilation and improvement of basic elements of technology by young acrobats 6-7 years. Static and dynamic balance tests can be used to individually build training programs and young acrobats. It is shown that sports acrobatics is a significant means of developing the balance of children 6-7 years.

scholarly journals The association between parameters of oral mucosal immunity and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with rampant caries

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
A. S. Putneva ◽  
T. M. Karavaeva ◽  
M. V. Maksimenya ◽  
P. P. Tereshkov ◽  
M. N. Mishchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Tgf Β1 ◽  
Rampant Caries

Aim. To determine the saliva level of immunoregulatory proteins in patients with rampant caries and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency and evaluate the association of their concentration with 25(OH)D plasma level.Materials and methods. The study was performed in two groups. The experimental group included 15 patients aged 20–22 years with rampant caries and the 25(OH)D plasma level of < 20 ng / ml. The control group encompassed 15 healthy age-matched volunteers with the 25(OH)D plasma level of 20–100 ng / ml. The concentrations of B7.2 (CD86), free active TGF-β1, CTLA-4, PD-1, Tim-3, LAG-3, IGFBP-4, and ICAM-1 were assessed using flow cytometry. The levels of LL-37 and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were measured using ELISA. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to reveal a correlation between the indicated proteins and the 25(OH)D plasma level.Results. A decrease in B7.2 (CD86), PD-1, Tim-3, sIgA, and LL-37 and elevation of IGFBP-4 and ICAM-1 saliva levels were detected in patients with rampant caries and 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency. A positive Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was revealed between plasma 25(OH)D and saliva levels of free active TGF-β1, CTLA4, B7.2 (CD86), LL-37, and sIgA. A negative correlation was revealed between 25(OH)Dand ICAM-1.Conclusion. 25(OH)D deficiency in patients with rampant caries is associated with decreased levels of B7.2 (CD86), PD-1, Tim-3, sIgA, and LL-37 and elevated levels of IGFBP-4 and ICAM-1 in the saliva. 

scholarly journals Dose Correlation of Danggui and Chuanxiong Drug Pairs in the Chinese Medicine Prescription Based on the Copula Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xuan Zhao ◽  
Wei Lin ◽  
Jiawei Li ◽  
Yunhui Chen ◽  
Anamica Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Copula Function ◽  
Prescription Database ◽  
Irregular Menstruation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient

Dosage is essential for studying the compatibility and effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine. Danggui and Chuanxiong are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for ailments and treatment of various disorders. 628 traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions containing Danggui and Chuanxiong were extracted from the self-built prescription database and screened for the three groups of prescriptions, i.e., irregular menstruation, sores, and stroke. We processed and tested the dosage of Danggui and Chuanxiong and selected the optimal copula function, Gumbel copula function, from the Archimedes function family and elliptical copula function family to establish the data model. To establish the presence of a correlation between the dose of Danggui and Chuanxiong, a graph of the joint distribution function of rank correlation coefficients, Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, was used. Our results suggest that the model using the Gumbel copula function better reflects the correlation between the dose of Danggui and Chuanxiong. For irregular menstruation, sores, and strokes, Kendall’s rank correlation coefficients were 0.6724, 0.5930, and 0.7757, respectively, and Spearman’s correlation coefficients were 0.8536, 0.7812, and 0.9285, respectively. In all three prescription groups, the dose of Danggui and Chuanxiong was positively correlated, implying that, as the dosage of one drug increases, the dosage of the other increases as well. From the perspective of data mining and mathematical statistics, the use of the copula function model to evaluate the correlation between the prescribed dosage of the two drugs was innovative and provided a new model for the scientific interpretation of the compatibility of traditional drugs. This might also serve to guide the clinical use of traditional Chinese medicine.

scholarly journals Feature Genes Selection Using Supervised Locally Linear Embedding and Correlation Coefficient for Microarray Classification

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiucheng Xu ◽  
Huiyu Mu ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Fangzhou Huang
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Feature Selection Method ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Locally Linear Embedding ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Linear Embedding ◽  
Locally Linear

The selection of feature genes with high recognition ability from the gene expression profiles has gained great significance in biology. However, most of the existing methods have a high time complexity and poor classification performance. Motivated by this, an effective feature selection method, called supervised locally linear embedding and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (SLLE-SC2), is proposed which is based on the concept of locally linear embedding and correlation coefficient algorithms. Supervised locally linear embedding takes into account class label information and improves the classification performance. Furthermore, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient is used to remove the coexpression genes. The experiment results obtained on four public tumor microarray datasets illustrate that our method is valid and feasible.

scholarly journals Anxiety and depression among adolescent students at higher secondary school

BIBECHANA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient

This study was conducted to assess the association of depression and anxiety with selected variables; low academic performance and poor parent adolescent relationship among the adolescent students at Arniko Higher Secondary school at Biratnagar. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) tools were used for data collection. Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient and Chi Square test were applied to assess the significant variables. The findings of the study revealed that there was significant correlation between total depression and total anxiety score i.e. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient value was 0.554 (p = 0.000). The study also found that the depression and anxiety were significantly associated with type of family (p =0.005 & p = 0.015).  The depression was significantly associated with academic performance of adolescent students (p = 0.030) and major accident in the family (p =0.009). Similarly, the anxiety was significantly associated with parental fight (p = 0.007), conflict with father (p = 0.019), and death of family member (p = 0.016). It can be concluded that adolescent anxiety and depression are significant mental health problems so further studies are needed to validate the findings. BIBECHANA 14 (2014) 103-109

scholarly journals Design aspects of the combined medicinal product with multifunctional action based on herbal drugs

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
С. А. Котов ◽  
Т. М. Гонтова ◽  
А. Г. Котов
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
Medicinal Product ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient

Combined herbal medicines for the treatment and prevention of allergic diseases are perspective substitutes for the «classic» drugs of H-1 receptor blockers of the 1st and 2nd generation. Literary-logical methods are quite effectively used for scientifically justified design of these drugs, namely phytopharmacological drug design (PPD) and phytochemical drug design (PCD). The aim of the work – the search for ways of the scientifically justified design of a combined multifunctional medicine based on the bur-marigold, which normalizes the functioning of the body's defence systems, increases the body's nonspecific resistance, normalizes the immune status using literary-logical and statistical methods of analysis. The design of the preparation was carried out using literature data for PPD and experimental and literature data for PCD. Statistical processing method – Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used. Design aspects of the combined herbal medicine, which includes a bur-marigold herb, calendula flowers, hawthorn leaves and flowers were considered using of a system-comparative analysis of information and its processing by the method of the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient determination. When PCD development of various combinations of herbal drugs, information about the content of such biologically active substances (BAS) as flavonoids, oxycinnamic acids, polyphenols, triterpenes, proteins/amino acids, polysaccharides was used. When PPD development the spectra of pharmacological activity were determined and a quantitative assessment to them in the system of marks for each of the herbal drug of the combined medicine was given. The PCD and PPD data into the matrix for calculating the Spearman rank correlation coefficient of the «action–sum of BAS» was entered. As a result, a strong, direct and statistically significant correlation relation (p from 0.924 to 0.997) between the content of oxycinnamic acids, polyphenols, triterpenes, proteins/amino acids, polysaccharides and such pharmacological actions as capillary-strengthening, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating; choleretic, hepatoprotective, improving metabolism; diuretic, hypotensive, sedative, tonic, desensitizing, antipruritic, reparative for the studied herbal combinations was found. The obtained results of the PCD and PPD development as well as the study of the correlation «action–sum of BAS» by calculating the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, this suggests the developed combined herbal medicinal product with multifunctional action is perspective in the complex therapy of allergic diseases accompanied by a decrease in the body's resistance and immunostatus.

scholarly journals Initial blood pressure is important for long-term outcome after traumatic spinal cord injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Haldrup ◽  
Stig Dyrskog ◽  
Mathias Møller Thygesen ◽  
Hans Kirkegaard ◽  
Helge Kasch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Cord Injury

OBJECTIVEPatients with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) are at risk of developing neurogenic shock that causes hypotension and thereby secondary injury to the spinal cord due to ischemia. Hemodynamic treatment of patients with acute TSCI remains inadequately elucidated. Guidelines for management are divergent and based on limited evidence. To this end, the authors evaluated whether mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) during the prehospital and initial hospital phases of TSCI treatment is correlated with long-term neurological outcome.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective cohort study based on a chart review of MABP data collected during the prehospital transport, in the operating room (OR), and in the neurointensive care unit (NICU) during the first 7 days after trauma. Data from the NICU were divided into two periods: days 1–2 and days 3–7. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation to evaluate for any correlation between MABP and changes in the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) score 1 year postinjury. In the analysis, the MABP target value was 80 mm Hg. Hypotension was treated with metaoxedrin or norepinephrine. Statistically significant differences were evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.RESULTSThe chart review yielded 129 patients treated for TSCI. The inclusion period was 2010–2017. For the prehospital transport measurements of MABP, the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was a rho of 0.5662 (p < 0.001), for OR measurements it was a rho of 0.6818 (p < 0.001), and for the NICU measurements it was a rho of 0.4611 (p < 0.001); for NICU unit days 1–2 and days 3–7, the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was a rho of 0.2209 (p = 0.0681).CONCLUSIONSContinuous MABP levels exceeding 80 mm Hg have a significant impact on neurological outcome—from earliest possible stabilization in the prehospital care, through hospital admission, the surgical phase, and into the first 2 days in the NICU.

scholarly journals Activity Recommendation Model Using Rank Correlation for Chronic Stress Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 4284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Soo Kang ◽  
Dong-Hoon Shin ◽  
Ji-Won Baek ◽  
Kyungyong Chung
Keyword(s):  
Stress Management ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Korean People ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Basic Rank

Korean people are exposed to stress due to the constant competitive structure caused by rapid industrialization. As a result, there is a need for ways that can effectively manage stress and help improve quality of life. Therefore, this study proposes an activity recommendation model using rank correlation for chronic stress management. Using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, the proposed model finds the correlations between users’ Positive Activity for Stress Management (PASM), Negative Activity for Stress Management (NASM), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient improves the accuracy of recommendations by putting a basic rank value in a missing value to solve the sparsity problem and cold-start problem. For the performance evaluation of the proposed model, F-measure is applied using the average precision and recall after five times of recommendations for 20 users. As a result, the proposed method has better performance than other models, since it recommends activities with the use of the correlation between PASM and NASM. The proposed activity recommendation model for stress management makes it possible to manage user’s stress effectively by lowering the user’s PSS using correlation.

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