scholarly journals Sign Language Generation - A survey of techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 473-476
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Normal People ◽  
The World ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
The One ◽  
Generating System

Sign language is a visual language that uses body postures and facial expressions. It is generally used by hearing-impaired people as a source of communication. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 466 million people (5% of the world population) are with hearing and speech impairment. Normal people generally do not understand this sign language and hence there is a communication gap between hearing-impaired and other people. Different phonemic scripts were developed such as HamNoSys notation that describes sign language using symbols. With the development in the field of artificial intelligence, we are now able to overcome the limitations of communication with people using different languages. Sign language translating system is the one that converts sign to text or speech whereas sign language generating system is the one that converts speech or text to sign language. Sign language generating systems were developed so that normal people can use this system to display signs to hearing-impaired people. This survey consists of a comparative study of approaches and techniques that are used to generate sign language. We have discussed general architecture and applications of the sign language generating system.

scholarly journals Digital Sign Language App for Deaf Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 564-567
Author(s):  
Akib Khan ◽  
Rohan Bagde ◽  
Arish Sheikh ◽  
Asrar Ahmed ◽  
Rahib Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bilingual Education ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Local Language ◽  
The World ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Inclusive Society

India has the highest population of hearing-impaired people in the world, numbering 18 million. Only 0.25 per cent of these numbers presently have access to bilingual education where knowledge of sign language is primary and that of a local language. Providing a platform that will help the entire hearing impaired community, their interpreters, families, and educators to understand sign language, will go a long way to facilitate easier conversations and exchange of ideas, thereby enabling a more inclusive society.

scholarly journals Sign Language Recognition using Smart Glove

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 328-333
Author(s):  
Prof. Namrata Ghuse
Keyword(s):  
American Sign Language ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Local Area ◽  
World Population ◽  
Language Recognition ◽  
Sign Language Recognition ◽  
The World ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Indian Sign Language ◽  
Set Up

Gesture-based communication Recognition through innovation has been ignored idea even though an enormous local area can profit from it. There are more than 3% total population of the world who even can't speak or hear properly. Using hand Gesture-based communication, Every especially impaired people to communicate with each other or rest of world population. It is a way of correspondence for the rest of the world population who are neither speaking and hearing incompetency. Normal people even don't become intimate or close with sign language based communications. It's a reason become a gap between the especially impaired people & ordinary person. The previous systems of the project used to involve the concepts of image generation and emoji symbols. But the previous frameworks of a project are not affordable and not portable for the impaired person.The Main propaganda of a project has always been to interpret Indian Sign Language Standards and American Sign Language Standards and Convert gestures into voice and text, also assist the impaired person can interact with the other person from the remote location. This hand smart glove has been made with the set up with Gyroscope, Flex Sensor, ESP32 Microcontrollers/Micro bit, Accelerometer,25 LED Matrix Actuators/Output &, flex sensor, vibrator etc.

scholarly journals Development of Sign Language Motion Recognition System for Hearing-Impaired People Using Electromyography Signal

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5807
Author(s):  
Shigeyuki Tateno ◽  
Hongbin Liu ◽  
Junhong Ou
Keyword(s):  
American Sign Language ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Motion Recognition ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Normal People ◽  
Impaired People

Sign languages are developed around the world for hearing-impaired people to communicate with others who understand them. Different grammar and alphabets limit the usage of sign languages between different sign language users. Furthermore, training is required for hearing-intact people to communicate with them. Therefore, in this paper, a real-time motion recognition system based on an electromyography signal is proposed for recognizing actual American Sign Language (ASL) hand motions for helping hearing-impaired people communicate with others and training normal people to understand the sign languages. A bilinear model is applied to deal with the on electromyography (EMG) data for decreasing the individual difference among different people. A long short-term memory neural network is used in this paper as the classifier. Twenty sign language motions in the ASL library are selected for recognition in order to increase the practicability of the system. The results indicate that this system can recognize these twenty motions with high accuracy among twenty participants. Therefore, this system has the potential to be widely applied to help hearing-impaired people for daily communication and normal people to understand the sign languages.

scholarly journals Sign Language Recognition using Smart Glove

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 789-792
Author(s):  
Prof. Namrata Ghuse
Keyword(s):  
American Sign Language ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Local Area ◽  
World Population ◽  
Language Recognition ◽  
Sign Language Recognition ◽  
The World ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Indian Sign Language ◽  
Set Up

Gesture-based communication Recognition through innovation has been ignored idea even though an enormous local area can profit from it. There are more than 3% total population of the world who even can't speak or hear properly. Using hand Gesture-based communication, Every especially impaired people to communicate with each other or rest of world population. It is a way of correspondence for the rest of the world population who are neither speaking and hearing incompetency. Normal people even don't become intimate or close with sign language based communications. It's a reason become a gap between the especially impaired people & ordinary person. The previous systems of the project used to involve the concepts of image generation and emoji symbols. But the previous frameworks of a project are not affordable and not portable for the impaired person.The Main propaganda of a project has always been to interpret Indian Sign Language Standards and American Sign Language Standards and Convert gestures into voice and text, also assist the impaired person can interact with the other person from the remote location. This hand smart glove has been made with the set up with Gyroscope, Flex Sensor, ESP32 Microcontrollers/Micro bit, Accelerometer,25 LED Matrix Actuators/Output &, flex sensor, vibrator etc.

scholarly journals Endovascular Bariatric Surgery as Novel Minimally Invasive Technique for Weight Management in the Morbidly Obese: Review of the Literature

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2541
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Massimo Sangiorgi ◽  
Alberto Cereda ◽  
Nicola Porchetta ◽  
Daniela Benedetto ◽  
Andrea Matteucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
World Health ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
World Population ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Open Bariatric Surgery

Nowadays, obesity represents one of the most unresolved global pandemics, posing a critical health issue in developed countries. According to the World Health Organization, its prevalence has tripled since 1975, reaching a prevalence of 13% of the world population in 2016. Indeed, as obesity increases worldwide, novel strategies to fight this condition are of the utmost importance to reduce obese-related morbidity and overall mortality related to its complications. Early experimental and initial clinical data have suggested that endovascular bariatric surgery (EBS) may be a promising technique to reduce weight and hormonal imbalance in the obese population. Compared to open bariatric surgery and minimally invasive surgery (MIS), EBS is much less invasive, well tolerated, with a shorter recovery time, and is probably cost-saving. However, there are still several technical aspects to investigate before EBS can be routinely offered to all obese patients. Further prospective studies and eventually a randomized trial comparing open bariatric surgery vs. EBS are needed, powered for clinically relevant outcomes, and with adequate follow-up. Yet, EBS may already appear as an appealing alternative treatment for weight management and cardiovascular prevention in morbidly obese patients at high surgical risk.

scholarly journals 3D Avatar Approach for Continuous Sign Movement Using Speech/Text

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3439
Author(s):  
Debashis Das Chakladar ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Shubham Mandal ◽  
Partha Pratim Roy ◽  
Masakazu Iwamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Learning System ◽  
English Sentence ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Indian Sign Language ◽  
Impaired Person ◽  
3D Avatar

Sign language is a visual language for communication used by hearing-impaired people with the help of hand and finger movements. Indian Sign Language (ISL) is a well-developed and standard way of communication for hearing-impaired people living in India. However, other people who use spoken language always face difficulty while communicating with a hearing-impaired person due to lack of sign language knowledge. In this study, we have developed a 3D avatar-based sign language learning system that converts the input speech/text into corresponding sign movements for ISL. The system consists of three modules. Initially, the input speech is converted into an English sentence. Then, that English sentence is converted into the corresponding ISL sentence using the Natural Language Processing (NLP) technique. Finally, the motion of the 3D avatar is defined based on the ISL sentence. The translation module achieves a 10.50 SER (Sign Error Rate) score.

The Future of Water

2019 ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Edward B. Barbier
Keyword(s):  
Water Security ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
World Population ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Global Management ◽  
Market Signals ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The One

This concluding chapter looks at the future of water. There are two possible paths for managing water. First, if the world continues with inadequate governance and institutions, incorrect market signals, and insufficient innovations to improve efficiency and manage competing demands, most chronic water and scarcity problems will continue to worsen. The world will see a future of declining water security, freshwater ecosystem degradation, and increasing disputes and conflicts over remaining water resources. The alternative path to managing water is the one offered by this book. If, in anticipation of the coming decades of increasing water scarcity, humankind is able to develop appropriate governance and institutions for water management, instigate market and policy reforms, and address global management issues, then improved innovation and investments in new water technologies and better protection of freshwater ecosystems should secure sufficient beneficial water use for a growing world population.

scholarly journals Iodization of table salt and attitudes and habits in relation to the use of salt in general population

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Gorica Sbutega-Milosevic ◽  
Zorica Djordjevic ◽  
Zoran Marmut ◽  
Boban Mugosa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
World Population ◽  
Table Salt ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
The World ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction. Combating nutritional deficiencies of micronutrients, such as iodine, represents a priority task of health care organizations. In 2003, the World Health Organization (WHO) published the publication: Global Prevalence of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD), according to which some 2,2 billion people live in areas poor in naturally occurring iodine. Approximately 13% of the world population suffer from goitre - one of the IDD. The recommended iodine content in table salt is 20-40 mg/kg, which should satisfy the daily iodine requirements of an adult. Objective. The authors sought to ascertain whether iodization of table salt in Montenegro was carried out in accordance with the existing legislature. An assessment was also carried out of the attitudes and habits of the population regarding the use of salt in nutrition and the level of awareness in relation to the relevance of table salt iodization. Methods. The research was carried out in 2004 and was sponsored by UNICEF. A sample of 594 homes from the municipalities of Bar and Podgorica was chosen: 354 homes from urban and 240 from rural areas. The participants completed a questionnaire related to the daily use and intake of salt, as well as their understanding of the relevance of table salt iodization. Iodine content was tested in 15 samples of table salt at production level, 170 samples at retail level and 126 samples taken from domestic use. Results. The analysis of table salt samples showed an optimal iodine level in 73.3% of samples from production, in 81.2% from retail, and in 73.0% from domestic use. A lower level of iodine was found in 8.8% retail samples and 15.1% samples from home use. A greater concentration of iodine was found in 26.7% production, 10.0% retail and 11.9% samples from domestic use. Conclusion. Although the application of the WHO programme has led to an improvement in iodization of table salt in Montenegro, both at production and retail levels, this still falls short of the standards recommended by WHO to combat IDD. The levels of iodine in table salt in domestic use also fail to comply with the WHO criteria for elimination of IDD.

scholarly journals From Syphilis to Autism, How the Anti-Vaccination Movement of Today is an Echo of the Past

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayleigh Beaveridge
Keyword(s):  
Personal Narratives ◽  
World Health ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The 19Th Century

Introduction: The anti-vaccination movement has led to decreased vaccination rates and increased vulnerability to vaccine-preventable diseases in the general population. In order to better understand the anti-vaccination movement of today, the anti-vaccination movement that emerged in the 19th century is examined and measured against the one observed in the 20th century. Discussion: Though the population of the 19th and 20th centuries differ in many regards and our knowledge of vaccine and immune mechanisms are far greater; the anti-vaccination movement seen today stands on the same pillars as that of the 1800s with the sentiment of fear at its core. Though the façade of these pillars has been altered to suit the world today, both movements exploited the influence of prominent public figures, maintained false associations with dire vaccine consequences and emphasized these through the use of visual media, repetition and personal narratives. The persistence of the anti-vaccination movement lies largely in the use of personal stories which are more impactful and memorable then the statistical characteristics of scientific study. Conclusion: The pro-vaccination movement must respond to the tactics used by the anti-vaccination movement and create accessible, understandable and equally impactful communication strategies in order to prevent the spread of misinformation and counter the efforts of the current anti-vaccination movement. Relevance: Vaccine hesitancy was listed amongst the top 10 global health threats in 2019 by the World Health Organization. In order to shift the negative rhetoric surrounding vaccines, the anti-vaccination movement of today and its historic roots need to be understood.

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