scholarly journals Utility-Aware Enhanced Reliable Opportunistic Routing Protocol for Mobile Adhoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 4187-4194
Keyword(s):  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Topology Control ◽  
Opportunistic Routing ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobile Adhoc Networks ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Source Routing ◽  
Control Overhead ◽  
Adhoc Networks

Usually, the nodes in Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANET) are bounded with the limited power resources to interact with each other nodes without any backbone infrastructures. As a result, an allocation of unbalanced traffic among nodes may increase the power dissipation in the overloaded nodes and path failures that degrade the network lifetime. To tackle this problem, an on-demand Power and LoadAware (PLA) multipath node-disjoint source routing scheme was proposed based on the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol that uses a new cost function to determine the multiple nodedisjoint power and select the load-aware optimal paths to their destinations. However, this protocol was affected by control overhead and the reliable packet delivery was also not effective. Hence in this article, Power and Load-aware i.e., Utility-Aware Reliable Opportunistic Routing (UAROR) protocol is proposed to enhance the efficiency and reliability of the routing protocol. In this protocol, topology control and link lifetime prediction algorithms are integrated into the PLA algorithm to predict the effect of the node mobility on routing performance. The link prediction algorithm considers both mobility speed and direction for improving the accuracy. As well, an opportunistic topology control algorithm uses packet delivery ratio to maintain the node’s stability. Moreover, Utility-Aware Enhanced ROR (UAEROR) protocol is proposed to improve the node’s stability and reduce the control overhead by employing the neighbor detection algorithm that uses degree and reachability of nodes. Finally, the simulation results show that the effectiveness of the proposed protocol compared to the existing protocol in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, network lifetime, energy consumption and control overhead

scholarly journals Void Avoidance Opportunistic Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1942
Author(s):  
Rogaia Mhemed ◽  
Frank Comeau ◽  
William Phillips ◽  
Nauman Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Opportunistic Routing ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Underwater Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Intermediate Node ◽  
Packet Delivery

Much attention has been focused lately on the Opportunistic Routing technique (OR) that can overcome the restrictions of the harsh underwater environment and the unique structures of the Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs). OR enhances the performance of the UWSNs in both packet delivery ratio and energy saving. In our work; we propose a new routing protocol; called Energy Efficient Depth-based Opportunistic Routing with Void Avoidance for UWSNs (EEDOR-VA), to address the void area problem. EEDOR-VA is a reactive OR protocol that uses a hop count discovery procedure to update the hop count of the intermediate nodes between the source and the destination to form forwarding sets. EEDOR-VA forwarding sets can be selected with less or greater depth than the packet holder (i.e., source or intermediate node). It efficiently prevents all void/trapped nodes from being part of the forwarding sets and data transmission procedure; thereby saving network resources and delivering data packets at the lowest possible cost. The results of our extensive simulation study indicate that the EEDOR-VA protocol outperforms other protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio and energy consumption

A Novel DSR-Based Protocol for Small Reconnaissance UAV Ad Hoc Network

2014 ◽  
Vol 568-570 ◽  
pp. 1272-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Li ◽  
Xiao Cheng Liu ◽  
Yue Feng Pang ◽  
Wei Wei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Energy Balancing ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Source Routing ◽  
Dynamic Source ◽  
Short Network

Based on the traditional DSR Protocol has obvious drawbacks such as short network lifetime in the small reconnaissance UAV ad hoc network, a routing protocols called UEDSR(UAV Energy Dynamic Source Routing Protocol) suitable for small reconnaissance UAV ad hoc network is proposed. This protocol introduces the energy balancing mechanism into the algorithms based on DSR, then improves the situation of excessive energy consumption of hot nodes and prolongs the network lifetime. The simulation of protocol by NS2 illustrates that comparing to DSR the UEDSR protocol achieves about 7% increase in the network lifetime and the packet delivery and the average of network throughput are effectively improved.

scholarly journals Improving the performance of opportunistic routing using min-max range and optimum energy level for relay node selection in wireless sensor networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e326
Author(s):  
Por Lip Yee ◽  
Shahid Mehmood ◽  
Ahmad Almogren ◽  
Ihsan Ali ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Anisi
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Relay Node ◽  
Opportunistic Routing ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Optimum Energy ◽  
Relay Node Selection

Opportunistic routing is an emerging routing technology that was proposed to overcome the drawback of unreliable transmission, especially in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Over the years, many forwarder methods were proposed to improve the performance in opportunistic routing. However, based on existing works, the findings have shown that there is still room for improvement in this domain, especially in the aspects of latency, network lifetime, and packet delivery ratio. In this work, a new relay node selection method was proposed. The proposed method used the minimum or maximum range and optimum energy level to select the best relay node to forward packets to improve the performance in opportunistic routing. OMNeT++ and MiXiM framework were used to simulate and evaluate the proposed method. The simulation settings were adopted based on the benchmark scheme. The evaluation results showed that our proposed method outperforms in the aspect of latency, network lifetime, and packet delivery ratio as compared to the benchmark scheme.

scholarly journals Multi-Layer Cluster Based Energy Aware Routing Protocol for Internet of Things

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sankar ◽  
P. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Lossy Networks ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Energy Aware Routing

Abstract We propose a multi-layer cluster based energy aware routing protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks, which divides the network area into equal length rings. The intra-ring clustering process divides a ring into equal sized clusters and inter-cluster routing applies the fuzzy logic to select the best route for data transfer. It increases the network lifetime and packet delivery ratio by 18-22% and 5-8%, respectively.

scholarly journals A PREEMPTIVE LINK STATE SPANNING TREE SOURCE ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR MOBILE ADHOC NETWORKS

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Poonkuzhali Ramadoss ◽  
Sanavullah Mohamed Yakub ◽  
Sabari Annaji
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Spanning Tree ◽  
Mobile Adhoc Networks ◽  
Source Routing ◽  
Link State ◽  
Adhoc Networks

scholarly journals Using a New Routing Metric in Paths Discovery Process for MDSR

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1306-1311
Keyword(s):  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Routing Metric ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Packet Delivery

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is infrastructure-less network that consists of a set of mobile nodes. These nodes have limited power based on their batteries. Network lifetime is one of the most important challenges facing this type of networks; motivating many researchers to investigate alternatives that prolong the network lifetime. This paper proposes a new path selection metric that considers the ratio between the minimum residual energy of all route nodes and hop count value to select a rout in MDSR routing protocol. The discovered paths are checked periodically for ensuring their availabilities using special packets called DTC. Glomosim simulator is used to compare the modified MDSR protocol with the traditional MDSR and other existing protocols as well. Simulation results showed that the proposed routing protocol outperformed the traditional MDSR protocol in terms of network lifetime, packet delivery ratio and end to end delay. Moreover, it showed improved performance over other existing protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio and network lifetime.

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