Association between Depressive Symptoms and Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults with Overweight or Obesity

Abstract Purpose While observational studies revealed inverse associations between serum vitamin D levels [25(OH)D] and depression, randomized controlled trials (RCT) in children and adolescents are lacking. This RCT examined the effect of an untreated vitamin D deficiency compared to an immediate vitamin D3 supplementation on depression scores in children and adolescents during standard day and in-patient psychiatric treatment. Methods Patients with vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D ≤ 30 nmol/l] and at least mild depression [Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) > 13] (n = 113) were 1:1 randomized into verum (VG; 2640 IU vitamin D3/d) or placebo group (PG) in a double-blind manner. During the intervention period of 28 days, both groups additionally received treatment as usual. BDI-II scores were assessed as primary outcome, DISYPS-II (Diagnostic System for Mental Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence, Self- and Parent Rating) and serum total 25(OH)D were secondary outcomes. Results At admission, 49.3% of the screened patients (n = 280) had vitamin D deficiency. Although the intervention led to a higher increase of 25(OH)D levels in the VG than in the PG (treatment difference: + 14 ng/ml; 95% CI 4.86–23.77; p = 0.003), the change in BDI-II scores did not differ (+ 1.3; 95% CI − 2.22 to 4.81; p = 0.466). In contrast, DISYPS parental ratings revealed pronounced improvements of depressive symptoms in the VG (− 0.68; 95% CI − 1.23 to − 0.13; p = 0.016). Conclusion Whereas this study failed to show a vitamin D supplementation effect on self-rated depression in adolescent in- or daycare patients, parents reported less depressive symptoms in VG at the end of our study. Future trials should consider clinician-rated depressive symptoms as primary outcome. Trial registration “German Clinical Trials Register” (https://www.drks.de), registration number: DRKS00009758

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Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and serum total cholesterol with depressive symptoms in Korean adults: the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V, 2010–2012)

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980016001713 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 1836-1843 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Soo-Hyun Lee ◽

Eunkyung Suh ◽

Kyung-Chae Park ◽

Ji-Hee Haam ◽

KyongChol Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

High Serum ◽

Serum Total Cholesterol ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the hypothesis that the association between vitamin D deficiency and depressive symptoms is dependent upon total cholesterol level in a representative national sample of the South Korean population.DesignThis was a population-based cross-sectional study.SettingThe Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V, 2010–2012).SubjectsWe included 7198 adults aged 20–88 years.ResultsThe incidence of depressive symptoms in individuals with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D<20 ng/ml) was 1·54-fold (95 % CI 1·20, 1·98) greater than in individuals without vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D ≥20 ng/ml). The relationship was stronger in individuals with normal-to-borderline serum total cholesterol (serum total cholesterol<240 mg/dl; OR=1·60; 95 % CI 1·23, 2·08) and non-significant in individuals with high serum total cholesterol (OR=0·97; 95 % CI 0·52, 1·81) after adjustment for confounding variables (age, sex, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking status, regular exercise, income level, education level, marital status, changes in body weight, perceived body shape, season of examination date and cholesterol profiles).ConclusionsThe association between vitamin D deficiency and depressive symptoms was weakened by high serum total cholesterol status. These findings suggest that both vitamin D and total cholesterol are important targets for the prevention and treatment of depression.

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Vitamin D deficiency and depressive symptoms in the perinatal period

Archives of Women s Mental Health ◽

10.1007/s00737-018-0852-z ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 745-755 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Amy R. Lamb ◽

Melanie Lutenbacher ◽

Kenneth A. Wallston ◽

Samuel H. Pepkowitz ◽

Brett Holmquist ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Perinatal Period

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The associations among vitamin D deficiency, C-reactive protein, and depressive symptoms

Journal of Psychosomatic Research ◽

10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.10.001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 90 ◽

pp. 98-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Young-Chul Shin ◽

Chan-Hyun Jung ◽

Hyung-Jun Kim ◽

Eun-Jin Kim ◽

Se-Won Lim

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein

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Vitamin D Level Trajectories of Adolescent Patients with Anorexia Nervosa at Inpatient Admission, during Treatment, and at One Year Follow Up: Association with Depressive Symptoms

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072356 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2356

Author(s):

Manuel Föcker ◽

Nina Timmesfeld ◽

Judith Bühlmeier ◽

Denise Zwanziger ◽

Dagmar Führer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Multicenter Trial ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Adolescent Patients ◽

The Relationship

(1) Background: Evidence has accumulated that patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) are at higher risk for vitamin D deficiency than healthy controls. In epidemiologic studies, low 25(OH) vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were associated with depression. This study analyzed the relationship between 25(OH)D serum levels in adolescent patients and AN and depressive symptoms over the course of treatment. (2) Methods: 25(OH)D levels and depressive symptoms were analyzed in 93 adolescent (in-)patients with AN from the Anorexia Nervosa Day patient versus Inpatient (ANDI) multicenter trial at clinic admission, discharge, and 1 year follow up. Mixed regression models were used to analyze the relationship between 25(OH)D levels and depressive symptoms assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). (3) Results: Although mean 25(OH)D levels constantly remained in recommended ranges (≥ 50 nmol/L) during AN treatment, levels decreased from (in)patient admission to 1 year follow up. Levels of 25(OH)D were neither cross-sectionally, prospectively, nor longitudinally associated with the BDI-II score. (4) Conclusions: This study did not confirm that 25(OH)D levels are associated with depressive symptoms in patients with AN. However, increasing risks of vitamin D deficiency over the course of AN treatment indicate that clinicians should monitor 25(OH)D levels.

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