scholarly journals Prevalence and Characteristics of Headache in Khoramabad, Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 4;15 (4;8) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parviz Bahrami
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
Headache Epidemiology ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
The Impact

Background: Headache is a prevalent and disabling condition affecting people in all age groups worldwide, leading to low job performance and quality of life with a significant economic burden on societies. Objective: We evaluated headache prevalence and characteristics and some probable associated factors in patients referring to neurology specialist clinics. Study Design: Cross sectional study Setting: Clinics of Khoramabad and also those referring to the emergency department of Khoramabad University Hospital. Methods: One thousand patients with a chief concern of headache were assigned to the study. All patients filled out a structured questionnaire to gather demographic information and data on headache characteristics and associated factors, including past medical and psychiatric history, history of oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) overuse, and menstruation. Results: The total prevalence of primary headaches was 78.2%, with migraine (with and without aura) being the most prevalent type with a prevalence of 41.6% followed by tension type headache found in 31.6% of the study population. Primary headaches were significantly more common in women and younger age groups. Factors found associated with a significantly higher prevalence of primary headaches were lower economic level, higher educational level, occupation, OCP use and NSAIDs overuse. Secondary headaches, with a total prevalence of 20.1%, significantly increased in older age groups and higher economic levels and were significantly less prevalent in higher educational levels. Limitations: The study population is not quite representative of the general population of Iran. Conclusion:‍‍ Results highlight the impact of socioeconomic factors on headache epidemiology in a developing country and demonstrate that OCPs and NSAIDs overuse might have an effect on the distribution of primary headaches. Further multicenter studies are needed to evaluate headache epidemiology in the whole country. Key words: headache, prevalance, migraine, tension-type headache

Epidemiology of Headache

Cephalalgia ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
BK Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Hormones ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
Use Of Medical Services

This thesis is based on nine previously published papers. It represents the first prevalence study of specific headache entities in a representative general population, where the diagnoses are based on a structured interview and examination by a physician using internationally accepted operational diagnostic criteria. The study population was a random sample of 1000 men and women aged 25-64. The participation rate was 76%. The prevalences of the different forms of headache are assessed and the study provides descriptive data concerning symptomatology, precipitating factors, impact of female hormones, use of medical services and work consequences of the headache disorders and describes various factors associated with the disorders. Only half of migraineurs and one-sixth of subjects with tension-type headache consulted their general practitioner because of headache and even less consulted a specialist. These consultation rates reflect the selection of cases that may bias studies in clinic populations. The study supports the notion that migraine and tension-type headache are separate clinical entities and that migraine without aura and migraine with aura are distinct subforms of migraine. Migraine and tension-type headache are sex- and age-dependent disorders with female preponderance and lower prevalence in older age groups. The female preponderance may be explained by clinical factors related to female hormones. There is no clear evidence of any association between sociodemographic variables and migraine or tension-type headache. Tension-type headache is related to a series of psychosocial variables while migraine is not. The results suggest that migraine is primarily a constitutional disorder and tension-type headache a more complex phenomenon influenced by several psychosocial factors. The limitations of cross-sectional data in pointing out risk factors with sufficient certainty are stressed. Longitudinal follow-up studies are the most important challenge in future epidemiological headache research.

Psychopathology in children and adolescents with primary headaches: Categorical and dimensional approaches

Cephalalgia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (16) ◽  
pp. 1311-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Margari ◽  
Elisabetta Lucarelli ◽  
Francesco Craig ◽  
Maria G Petruzzelli ◽  
Paola A Lecce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Child Psychopathology ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Primary Headache ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Type Headache

Background Recurrent headache is common in childhood, but there is not a great amount of data on the associations between headaches and psychopathology in children. Objective The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between primary headaches and psychopathology in children, using both the categorical and dimensional assessment. Methods The sample consisted of 70 patients with primary headache compared to a matched sample of 50 healthy children. Psychiatric comorbidity was defined according to the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disorders. Child psychopathology outcomes were assessed using child- and parent-reported standardized instruments. Results Internalizing and externalizing problems were significantly represented among children with headaches compared to the control group, respectively 63% and 27%, without significant differences between migraine and tension-type headache children. Moreover, a total of 26% of the children with a headache reported psychiatric comorbidity such as anxiety and mood disorders. Conclusion The dimensional approach improves accuracy in the recognition of emotional and behavioral problems compared to the categorical approach; however, the use of both of these approaches could be useful for clinical practice, treatment and research.

scholarly journals Diagnostic and classification tools for chronic headache disorders: A systematic review

Cephalalgia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 761-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Potter ◽  
Katrin Probyn ◽  
Celia Bernstein ◽  
Tamar Pincus ◽  
Martin Underwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Chronic Headache ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Headache Classification ◽  
Headache Type ◽  
Expert Clinician ◽  
Primary Care Clinicians ◽  
Type Headache

Background or aim Despite guidelines and the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-III beta) criteria, the diagnosis of common chronic headache disorders can be challenging for non-expert clinicians. The aim of the review was to identify headache classification tools that could be used by a non-expert clinician to classify common chronic disorders in primary care. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review of studies validating diagnostic and classification headache tools published between Jan 1988 and June 2016 from key databases: MEDLINE, ASSIA, Embase, Web of Knowledge and PsycINFO. Quality assessment was assessed using items of the Quality of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). Results The search identified 38 papers reporting the validation of 30 tools designed to diagnose, classify or screen for headache disorders; nine for multiple headache types, and 21 for one headache type only. We did not identify a tool validated in a primary care that can be used by a non-expert clinician to classify common chronic headache disorders and screen for primary headaches other than migraine and tension-type headache in primary care. Conclusions Despite the availability of many headache classification tools we propose the need for a tool that could support primary care clinicians in diagnosing and managing chronic headache disorders within primary care, and allow more targeted referral to headache specialists.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Tension Type Headache among Young Adults and Their Gender Difference on Percieved Stress Scale: A Comparative Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Perceived Stress Scale ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
Tension Type Headaches

Background: Tension-type headaches (TTH), together with migraines, are the most common primary headaches, affecting 80% of the general population. Stress is known to be a contributing factor to chronic tension-type headache (CTH), with research indicating that mental stress is the most commonly reported trigger and aggravating factor of a CTH episode. The study was conducted to find out the prevalence of TTH among youths of 18-25 age reporting frequent headache and to compare the perceived stress level among the diagnosed male and females of TTH. Methods: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) rating and an IHS (International Headache Society) TTH Diagnostic questionnaire were used in this study. A sample of 150 students including 75 males and 75 females in the age group of 18-25 years complaining of frequent headache were taken from different colleges and universities located in Rewari district of Haryana. In the second phase, only the diagnosed cases of tension type headache participated in the study and fill the perceived stress scale questionnaire. After data collection, analysis of data using SPSS software was done which then further help in testing the hypothesis and extracting the result and inferences. Descriptive analysis of quantitative data expressed as mean and standard deviation. Mean and Chi square test were used for comparison of individual on quantitative parameters between groups. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of subjects with TTH was 22.79 ±2.14. Prevalence of TTH among frequent headache sufferers is 68%. Out of 68% TTH cases 66.7% subjects have episodic TTH and 33.3% have chronic TTH. Value of PSS * Gender Pearson chi square is 5.151 at a significance value of .076 and it shows that there would be no significant differences exist between males and females on perceived stress score. Conclusion: TTH is more prevalent among females as compared to males. No significant differences exist between males and females on perceived stress scores.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of pain severity in patients suffering from different types of primary headache in the hospital setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1740
Author(s):  
Sanjay Prasad ◽  
Abhay Paliwal ◽  
Ram Ghulam Razdan
Keyword(s):  
Primary Headache ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
The Impact

Background: Primary headache disorders including migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) are of great importance to global public health due to its high prevalence, but very few studies have been conducted to know its prevalence and pain severity of different types of primary headache. Aim of this study was to investigate the subtypes and pain severity of different types of primary headache in hospital setting.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study with 200 sample size. Includes patients with Primary headache in department of Psychiatry, MGMMC, Indore. Patient aged between 18-65 years, both gender. Diagnosis of headache was done clinically in accordance with International Classification of Headache disorders (ICHD- 3). Semi-structured headache questionnaire, Comparative pain scale were used for assessment of samples.Results: Among 200 patients, Tension type headache was 73.5%, Migraine was 22%, Mixed headache was in 4.5% patients. Majority of migraine and mixed headache cases had severe pain at 93.2% & 55.6% respectively. Majority of TTH cases had moderate pain in 42.2% patients.Conclusions: Study has shown assessments of severity of pain, can be used to assess the impact of Primary headache on patient’s quality of life.

scholarly journals СОЦІАЛЬНО-ДЕМОГРАФІЧНІ ТА КЛІНІЧНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ПАЦІЄНТІВ З АБУЗУСНИМ ГОЛОВНИМ БОЛЕМ В ПОЄДНАНІ З ХРОНІЧНИМ ГОЛОВНИМ БОЛЕМ НАПРУГИ

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
М.Ю. Дельва ◽  
І.І. Дельва ◽  
В.А. Пінчук ◽  
Г.Я. Силенко ◽  
А.М. Кривчун
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Medication Overuse Headache ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Type Headache

Introduction. A study of medication overuse headache (MOH) can define the risk group for MOH in patients with primary headaches. The aim of the research is to study the socio-demographic, clinical and pharmacotherapeutic characteristics of patients with MOH and chronic tension-type headache (CTTH). Material and methods. We examined 28 patients with MOH in combination with CTTH and 34 patients with CTTH. MOH and CTTH were diagnosed according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd revision. Anxiety and depressive signs were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; abdominal obesity was determined using waist circumference. Quantitative values were presented as the median and the interquartile range. Quantitative samples were analyzed according to Mann-Whitney U-test, qualitative samples - according to Fisher's exact test. Differences at p <0.05 were considered significant. Results. Patients with MOH and CTTH had the following characteristics: female gender - 79%, age - 41.0 (33.0-49.5) years, familyless state - 54%, higher education - 25%, employment - 46%, smoking - 43%, anxiety signs - 71%, depressive signs - 75%, cervicalgia - 36%, lower back pain - 61%, arterial hypertension - 21%, diabetes mellitus - 7%, abdominal obesity - 46%, mild traumatic brain injury - 43%, headache intensity - 5.0 (4.0-6.3) points on a visual analog scale, duration of headache attacks - 7.0 (5.0-8.3) hours, age of CTTH onset - 31,5 (23,0-41,0) years, duration of CTTH - 9.0 (6,8-10,3) years, duration of MOH – 15.5 (8.3-20.8) months. Patients with MOH and CTTH compared to patients with CTTH were significantly younger, had a history of traumatic brain injury, had significantly more headache days per month. Patients with MOH and CTTH overused combined analgesics (47%), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (32%), triptans with analgesics (21%). Abortive medications had been used on 23.0 (18.0-28.5) days a month, in form of 32.0 (27.3 -41.8) doses a month.

The need for preventive therapy in primary headaches

2011 ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Mario Fernando Prieto Peres ◽  
Daniel Krempel Amado ◽  
André Leite Gonçalves ◽  
Reinaldo Ribeiro ◽  
Jorge Roberto Pagura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Primary Headache ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Treatment Type ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Probable Migraine ◽  
Type Headache

Introduction: Primary headaches are common conditions. In Brazil, the prevalence of migraine is 15.2%, tension-type headache 13% and chronic daily headache (CDH) 6.9%. Although frequent disorders a proportion of patients are undertreated. Patients patterns of headache care can trend toward acute medication only and those in need of prevention may not receive it. Objective: To estimate the rates of preventive treatment in primary headache sufferers. Methods: A telephone interview containing questions about headache and socio-demographic characteristics was applied to 3,848 people from 27 States of Brazil, in its five geographical regions. We considered MIDAS > 10 points as a marker for the need of preventive treatment. Patients were asked if they were taking any medication on a daily basis or any treatment to prevent headaches from happening. Subjects were divided into: 1. Those who responded positively for the question regarding preventive treatment regardless of the treatment type. 2. Those who responded positively for the question, but only medications or treatments studied for migraine prevention, labeled as "Correct treatment" 3. Those who responded positively for the question, but only medications or treatments from the prevention consensus (Brazilian Headache Society), labeled as "Consensus treatment" Results: In total, 12.8% of primary headache sufferers had MIDAS higher than 10, meeting criteria for prophylactic treatment, but only 8.4% of them reported it, 3.9% were using a right preventive treatment. The percentage of patients in need for prevention was 24.7% in migraine, 15.6 % in probable migraine, 5 % for tension-type headache (TTH) and 4% for probable TTH. Only 2.6% of migraineurs, 7.5% of probable migraine patients, 4.3% of tension-type headache and 0% of probable TTH received proper preventive treatment Conclusion: Primary headaches are common, debilitating conditions but a substantial proportion of those who might need prevention do not receive it. Patient education, public health initiatives in order to deliver migraine and other primary headaches treatment for the general population should be considered not only in Brazil, but worldwide.

Frequency of diagnoses in a specialized headache clinic in Buenos Aires

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
Vanessa Nagel ◽  
Sol Cavanagh ◽  
Marina Olivier ◽  
Natalia Larripa ◽  
Maria T Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Medical Records ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Medication Overuse ◽  
Medication Overuse Headache ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Craniofacial Pain ◽  
Headache Clinic ◽  
Type Headache

Objective: Headache is one of the most frequent reason for consultations in neurology. The global prevalence among adults with migraine is approximately 10% with migraine, 40% for tension-type headache (TTH) and 3% for chronic daily headache. The purpose of this study is to analyze the prevalence of the diagnoses of headache and craniofacial pain among patients evaluated in a specialized headache clinic of Buenos Aires during 2017. Methods: Retrospective, descriptive study. We reviewed the electronic medical records of patients who consulted for headaches or craniofacial pain from January 1st to December 31st, 2017. Diagnoses were made according to the criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3). Results: We reviewed 3254 electronic medical records and documented 3941 diagnoses: headache (93.03%), craniofacial pain (3.62%) and unclassifiable (3.35%). The average age was 43.14 years. 80.7% were women. Primary headaches were the most frequent diagnoses (78.54%). Migraine represented the main diagnosis (87.42%). Episodic migraine without aura was the most prevalent diagnosis (48%). Tension- type headache (TTH) was found in 8.74% of cases of primary headaches and Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) in 2.89%. Medication-overuse headache (MOH) represented 77.93% of the secondary headaches, and most of them also met chronic migraine criteria fulfilled criteria of chronic migraine. Primary trigeminal neuralgia represented 50% of craniofacial pain and 27% were secondary trigeminal neuralgia, mostly postherpetic or posterior to dental procedures. Regardin to the frecuency, 33.58% of the patients had chronic headache. Conclusion: In our section, migraine is the most frequent diagnosis followed by medication-overuse headache. The percentage of chronic headache is higher than the prevalence in the general population, probably because it is a tertiary center.

Tension-Type Headache: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Pathophysiology

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Rizzoli
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Central Pain ◽  
Pain Mechanisms ◽  
Epidemiologic Data ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Socioeconomic Burden ◽  
Headache Epidemiology ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms

Tension-type headache (TTH) is a significant but underappreciated condition that is much more frequent than migraine, 42% versus 11%, and produces significant socioeconomic burden. Why then do research advances in this condition seem to lag? One reason is that precise epidemiologic data are lacking, with lifetime prevalence estimates varying from about 13 to 78%. Also, classification is confounded by whether or not to include the occasional but universal headache as TTH. Furthermore, TTH pathophysiology is debated, with some feeling that the pathophysiology of TTH is similar to and on a spectrum with migraine, and some feeling that it is entirely separate and related to peripheral and muscular mechanisms. More recently, central pain mechanisms have also been implicated in the pathophysiology. In addition, a large body of information connects stress and TTH. Although TTH varies widely in frequency and severity among and within patients, TTH pain, compared with pain in other headache types, could be characterized generally as more mild in severity and more generalized in location. This review discusses the current epidemiologic data and diagnostic challenges in TTH and the current pathophysiologic mechanisms.

Prevalence and characteristics of headache attributed to ingestion or inhalation of a cold stimulus (HICS): A cross-sectional study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
Torsten Kraya ◽  
Malte Schulz-Ehlbeck ◽  
Philipp Burow ◽  
Stefan Watzke ◽  
Stephan Zierz
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Primary Headache ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cold Stimulus ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Accompanying Symptoms ◽  
Type Headache

Background Headache attributed to ingestion or inhalation of a cold stimulus (HICS), colloquially called ice-cream headache, is a common form of a primary headache in adults and children. However, previous studies on adults are limited due to the small number of patients. Furthermore, most of the subjects in previous studies had a history of other primary headaches. Methods Biographic data, clinical criteria of HICS and prevalence of primary headache were collected by a standardized questionnaire. A total of 1213 questionnaires were distributed; the return rate was 51.9% (n = 629); 618 questionnaires could be analyzed. Results In a cohort of 618 people aged between 17–63 years (females: n = 426, 68.9%), the prevalence of HICS was 51.3% (317 out of 618). There was no difference between men and women (51.3% vs. 51.6%). The duration of HICS was shorter than 30 sec in 92.7%. In the HICS group, localization of the pain was occipital in 17%. Trigemino-autonomic symptoms occurred in 22%, and visual phenomena (e.g. flickering lights, spots or lines) were reported by 18% of the HICS group. The pain intensity, but not the prevalence of HICS, was higher when tension-type headache and migraine or both were present as co-morbid primary headaches (Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) 4.58 and 6.54, p = 0.006). There was no higher risk of participants with migraine getting HICS than for those who did not have migraine (odds ratio = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75–1.83; p = 0.496). Conclusion The results of this study modified the current criteria for HICS in the ICHD-3 regarding duration and localization. In addition, accompanying symptoms in about one fifth of the participants are not mentioned in the ICHD-3. Neither migraine nor tension-type headache seems to be a risk factor for HICS. However, accompanying symptoms in HICS are more frequent in subjects with another primary headache than in those without such a headache.

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