Artificial Insemination: An Academic Analysis from the Perspectives of Sharia and Contemporary Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ayaz Niazi
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Baby Girl ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Sharia Law ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Scholarly Article ◽  
Infertile Couples ◽  
Sperm Banks ◽  
Contemporary Medicine ◽  
The Uk

This scholarly article discusses the view of Islamic Sharia law pertaining to artificial insemination. Artificial insemination, as one of the contemporary medical issues, was not in existence in the era of Sharia jurisprudents. It emerged in the last century as a result of scientific and medical developments; as its first successful experience in the field was performed in the UK in 1977 on the birth of a baby girl called Louise Brown. The practice later proliferated in other western countries, even surpassing its legitimate aim of treating infertile couples, as it began to entail businesses such as womb comodification, the establishment of sperm banks, and the like.

The Uniform Status of Children of Assisted Conception Act: Does It Protect the Best Interests of the Child in a Surrogate Arrangement?

1990 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-553
Author(s):  
Mimi Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Medical Technology ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Assisted Conception ◽  
Regulatory Scheme ◽  
Infertile Couples ◽  
Definition Of

Medical technology is easing the plight of many infertile couples by offering such reproductive alternatives as in vitro fertilization, artificial insemination and surrogacy. In response to the changes in our society's definition of family, wrought by scientific advances, the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform States Laws promulgated the Uniform Status of Children of Assisted Conception Act. The purpose of this Act is to protect the interests of children born through extraordinary medical procedures. This Note analyzes the Act's provisions regarding surrogacy and focuses on how the Commission's regulatory scheme fails to protect the child's interests. The Act's alternative of voiding the surrogacy contract also does not protect the child's interests. A more complete regulatory scheme which protects the adult parties’ interests, as well as the child's, should be devised, as the adequacy of the adult parties’ protection ultimately affects the child's well-being.

scholarly journals Environment as a Risk Factor for Male Infertility

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 576-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Multigner ◽  
Alejandro Oliva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Infertile Couples

Infertility affects 15% of couples in Western countries. Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after 1 year of attempts without contraception, but it is not synonymous with sterility. Between 30 and 50% of infertile couples are infertile due to male reasons, mainly due to sperm production disorders. Although some risk factors, most of which are infectious, have been identified, there is still much uncertainty about the origins of male infertility.

The Problem of Detecting Changes in the Incidence of Schizophrenia

1993 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Kendell ◽  
D. E. Malcolm ◽  
W. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First Admission

Despite reports of falling first-admission rates for schizophrenia in the UK and other Western countries, it would be rash to conclude that the incidence of schizophrenia is falling. An attempt was made to tackle the many methodological problems and sources of bias influencing the relationship between admission rates and incidence in an analysis of inception rates for schizophrenia and other psychoses in Edinburgh between 1971 and 1989. However it was calculated, the inception rate for schizophrenia fell significantly, but because there was evidence that diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia had narrowed between 1971 and 1989, and because a substantial and changing proportion of recorded first admissions were not true first admissions, it was impossible to conclude that the incidence of schizophrenia had fallen. Changes in the incidence of psychiatric syndromes are difficult to establish, particularly in retrospect, and future studies must pay more attention to the many possible confounding influences.

Artificial Insemination by Donor: a Survey of Attitudes and Knowledge in Medical Students and Infertile Couples

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra R. Leiblum ◽  
Christopher Barbrack
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genetic Disease ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes And Knowledge ◽  
Infertile Couples

SummaryMedical students and members of infertile couples were questioned about their knowledge and attitudes toward artificial insemination using donor semen (AID). While both groups were well-informed about AID, considerable attitudinal diversity existed. Subjects generally favoured AID for infertile couples, for single women and for situations where the risk of inheritable retardation or genetic disease existed. Members of infertile couples were more positive about AID than were medical students, and females were more positive than males. The results indicate continued controversy regarding several aspects of AID such as whether to permit AID recipients to select their own donor and whether children conceived through AID should be so informed. The implications for infertility counselling are discussed.

scholarly journals National citation patterns ofNEJM,The Lancet,JAMAandThe BMJin the lay press: a quantitative content analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e018705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Casino ◽  
Roser Rius ◽  
Erik Cobo
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Western World ◽  
Quantitative Content Analysis ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesTo analyse the total number of newspaper articles citing the four leading general medical journals and to describe national citation patterns.DesignQuantitative content analysis.Setting/sampleFull text of 22 general newspapers in 14 countries over the period 2008–2015, collected from LexisNexis. The 14 countries have been categorised into four regions: the USA, the UK, Western World (European countries other than the UK, and Australia, New Zealand and Canada) and Rest of the World (other countries).Main outcome measurePress citations of four medical journals (two American:NEJMandJAMA; and two British:The LancetandThe BMJ) in 22 newspapers.ResultsBritish and American newspapers cited some of the four analysed medical journals about three times a week in 2008–2015 (weekly mean 3.2 and 2.7 citations, respectively); the newspapers from other Western countries did so about once a week (weekly mean 1.1), and those from the Rest of the World cited them about once a month (monthly mean 1.1). The New York Times cited above all other newspapers (weekly mean 4.7). The analysis showed the existence of three national citation patterns in the daily press: American newspapers cited mostly American journals (70.0% of citations), British newspapers cited mostly British journals (86.5%) and the rest of the analysed press cited more British journals than American ones.The Lancetwas the most cited journal in the press of almost all Western countries outside the USA and the UK. Multivariate correspondence analysis confirmed the national patterns and showed that over 85% of the citation data variability is retained in just one single new variable: the national dimension.ConclusionBritish and American newspapers are the ones that cite the four analysed medical journals more often, showing a domestic preference for their respective national journals; non-British and non-American newspapers show a common international citation pattern.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Teacher Education by Country

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey A. Lawrance ◽  
David H. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Innovative Approaches

This essay is designed to provide a snapshot of teacher education practices in Australia compared to other western countries such as the UK, USA, Germany and France. The data for this work was obtained by document analysis. This type of study is important in order to provide the comparative perspective that is so important when evaluating the development of innovative approaches to teacher education.

scholarly journals 21.I. Round table: Comparing and designing the politics and policies for better economic and social welfare

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
The Political ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk

Abstract While the political and social determinants of health have become accepted among academic researchers, health inequalities in the health policy and political arenas are still predominantly addressed as outcomes of citizens' lifestyle and behavioural choices. The rise of populist radical parties across Western countries brings renewed urgency to communicating with elected leaders and policy makers about the importance of tackling the social (as well as behavioral and medical) determinants of health. Recent publications such as 'Health in Hard Times. Austerity and Health Inequalities' (Clare Bambra, 2019) and 'Health Equity in England: The Marmot Review 10 Years On' (Marmot et al, 2020) find that financial and economic policies in large part contribute to stagnating and even reversing population health trends in the UK and across Western countries. The underlying political system of decision-making needs to be clarified in order to effectively engage and exert influence. This workshop aims to strengthen countervailing power and competence in understanding the policy trajectories that effectively target the larger ambitions of economic and social welfare including reduced health inequalities. We provide participants with basic knowledge, methods and tools to carry out practice-based comparative analysis of public health politics and policies across different countries. The workshop consists of: A 20-minute mini-lecture by Julia Lynch, who will present key findings and the underlying methodology of her recent book Regimes of inequality: The political economy of health and wealth. This book systematically used historical institutionalist-methods and process tracing to compare the policies and politics aimed at reducing health inequalities in Finland, France and the UK from the 1990s to the present.A 15-minute panel reflection: The panel, consisting of Clare Bambra, Karien Stronks, and Holly Jarman, will relate this to their own key research and impact.A 25-minute plenary discussion of examples, questions and contributions to tackling inequalities in political and social determinants of health. Examples are labour market participation policies, progressive fiscal policies or policies resolving illiteracy or household financial debt. Key messages Health inequalities are a political choice. Learning by comparison increases capacity to improve policies on the social determinants of health as well as capacity to increase political influence.

The incidence of elevated progestrone at the time of insemination in Suffolk ewes bred in August

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 188-188
Author(s):  
W S Dingwall ◽  
W A C McKelvey ◽  
F E Gebbie ◽  
J J Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Causal Factor ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
The Uk

The development of laparoscopic intrauterine insemination for sheep has been essential for the implementation of national Sire Reference Schemes in the UK (McKelvey and Simm, 1995). Whilst conception rate to artificial insemination (AI) has averaged 60-70% in most participating flocks, a number of flocks have experienced a proportion of their ewes returning to anoestrus following AI. This phenomenon restricts the implementation of sire reference schemes and it has been proposed that die causal factor could be the presence of a persistent corpus luteum at the time of insemination.

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