INCIDENTAL PRESENTATION OF ADRENAL GANGLIONEUROMA: CASE SERIES AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Adrenal Ganglioneuromas are uncommon tumours arising from neural crest cells in posterior mediastinum and retroperitoneum. Rarely do they arise from adrenal gland and most of them are incidentally detected and hormonally inactive. Radiologically, they appear as any other adrenal mass, hence histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry plays a major role. With the advent of laparoscopy and robot, outcome of surgical treatment has improved a lot.

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Surgical Management of Giant L2 Adrenal Neuroblastoma in Adult Male

Case Reports in Urology ◽

10.1155/2020/8890223 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Bikash Bikram Thapa ◽

Sanjay Yadav ◽

Sujit Pant ◽

Pratik Rajkarnikar ◽

Pankaj Mandal

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Gland ◽

Neural Crest ◽

Rare Disease ◽

Surgical Management ◽

Adrenal Mass ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Left Kidney ◽

Surgical Excision ◽

Left Adrenal Gland ◽

En Bloc

Neuroblastoma is an embryonal malignancy that arises from neural crest cells. Adult adrenal neuroblastoma is a rare disease, and less than 100 cases were reported in the literature. Adult neuroblastoma commonly presents with abdominal (retroperitoneal) lump and pain. A 35-year-old male patient presented with a giant ( 20 cm × 17 cm × 12 cm ) nonfunctional left adrenal mass. He underwent en-bloc surgical excision of the left adrenal gland along with the left kidney. Histopathological examination revealed adrenal neuroblastoma (stage 2B, L2). We present here the surgical management of the rare adult adrenal neuroblastoma.

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Primary adrenal sarcomatoid carcinoma

Clinics and Practice ◽

10.4081/cp.2014.604 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Aftab S. Shaikh ◽

Girish D. Bakhshi ◽

Arshad S. Khan ◽

Nilofar M. Jamadar ◽

Aravind Kotresh Nirmala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Case Report ◽

Adrenal Gland ◽

Adrenal Mass ◽

Sarcomatoid Carcinoma ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Rare Tumors ◽

Radiological Evidence ◽

The Right

Adrenal sarcomatoid carcinomas are extremely rare tumors presenting with extensive locoregional spread at the time of diagnosis. Patients succumb to metastases within a couple of months. As a result, very few cases are reported in the literature until now. We present a case of a 62-year old female with non-functional sarcomatoid carcinoma of the right adrenal gland. There was no radiological evidence of locoregional metastases. Patient underwent right adrenalectomy. Follow up after 3 months showed para-aortic lymphadenopathy and similar left adrenal mass on computed tomography. Patient refused further treatment and succumbed to the disease. A brief case report with review of literature is presented.

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The Incidence of Long-Term Adrenal Insufficiency Following Unilateral Adrenalectomy is Low: Case Series and Review of Literature

International Journal of Surgical Case Reports ◽

10.31487/j.ijscr.2019.02.08 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Jay D. Raman ◽

Augustyna Gogoj ◽

Brian D. Saunders ◽

Daniel J.Canter ◽

Jay D. Raman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Gland ◽

Adrenal Insufficiency ◽

Cushing Syndrome ◽

Case Series ◽

Large Majority ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Unilateral Adrenalectomy ◽

Different Types ◽

One Year

Introduction: Acquired adrenal insufficiency is a known risk of unilateral adrenalectomy. However, the rates of early and prolonged adrenal insufficiency following unilateral adrenalectomy are not well defined in the literature. Patients and Methods: We reviewed a case series of 184 consecutive patients to determine the likelihood of steroid supplementation at 30 days and 1 year following adrenalectomy. 109 lesions were non-functional and 75 (41%) demonstrated functionality, including 33 pheochromocytomas, 20 cortisol-producing adenomas, 19 aldosteronomas, and 3 cases of cortisol-secreting hyperplasia. No patients with a nonfunctional lesion, pheochromocytoma, or aldosteronoma required steroid supplementation following surgery. Eleven of 23 patients (48%) with primary adrenal Cushing syndrome required cortisol supplementation at 30 days, and only 1 patient (4%) necessitated supplementation one year following surgery. Discussion: Approximately 50% of patients with cortisol-producing lesions in the adrenal gland will require supplementation 30-days following surgery. Only 4% will require persistent exogenous steroids at 1-year. Conversely, less than 1% of patients with different types of functional or non-functional tumors required supplementation after surgery. Conclusion: The incidence of adrenal insufficiency following unilateral adrenalectomy is low. A large majority of patients requiring steroid supplementation 30 days following surgery are able to wean off this requirement by 1 year. With this information, we can better counsel our patients and set clearer expectations for the potential need of cortisol supplementation following adrenalectomy

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Tuberculosis of calcaneum: a case series and review of literature

International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20172078 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 761

Author(s):

Anurag Tiwari ◽

Nishit Bhatnagar ◽

Yugal Karkhur ◽

Ammar Aslam ◽

Amit Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Features ◽

Medical Records ◽

Laboratory Tests ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Case Series ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Anterior Process ◽

Radiological Features ◽

Erythrocyte Sedimentation ◽

Tuberculous Osteomyelitis

Background: The purpose of this study was to review the cases of isolated tuberculous osteomyelitis of calcaneum in terms of clinical features, radiological features, treatment and outcome.Methods: Medical records of 9 patients (7 males and 2 females) aged 4 to 45 years (mean 21.33 years) who presented with isolated calcaneal tuberculous osteomyelitis were reviewed. Clinical features, laboratory tests result, findings of imaging modalities, and histopathological examination were noted. The location of involvement of tuberculosis and treatment offered were noted. Multifocal tuberculosis and articular involvement were excluded.Results: All patients presented with pain and swelling around the heel; three of them presented with a discharging sinus. Patients had involvement of calcaneal body (n=5), tuberosity (n=2), and anterior process (n=2). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate of all patients was elevated. All the patients were treated conservatively with immobilization and chemotherapy.Conclusions: Isolated calcaneal tuberculosis is rare and the prognosis with non-operative treatment is good.

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Localisation et durée des potentialités médullo-surrénaliennes des crêtes neurales chez l'embryon de Poulet

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.27.3.603 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 603-614

Author(s):

Alain Chevallier

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Adrenal Gland ◽

Neural Crest ◽

Neural Crest Cells ◽

In Ovo ◽

Cortical Cells ◽

Adrenal Cells ◽

X Irradiation ◽

Different Levels ◽

Medullary Cells

The localization and duration of the capacity of neural crest cells to differentiate into medullary cells of the adrenal gland The capacity of the neural crest cells to differentiate into medullary cells of the adrenal gland has been tested for different levels of the cephalo-caudal axis of the chick embryo and at different stages. The procedure consisted in associating a fragment of neural crest cells containing spinal cord with a section of an embryo containing the prospective cortical territory. The latter was previously deprived in ovo of presumptive medullar adrenal cells by localized X-irradiation of its spinal cord. The portion of the spinal cord which has the capacity to give off medulloblasts is located not only within the prospective adrenal area (somite levels 18–22), but also within a region extending over a length of six somites in front and seven somites behind the presumptive zone. This capacity, which is restricted in space, is also limited in time. It is possessed by the portion of spinal cord defined above from 6 h before the migration of the first neural crest cells and lasts roughly for 24 h after the beginning of migration. Furthermore, the experiments indicate that the differentiation of neural crest cells into medullocytes requires the inductive influence of the cortical cells.

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Extramedullary hematopoiesis in the adrenal: Case report and review of literature

Canadian Urological Association Journal ◽

10.5489/cuaj.1389 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (5-6) ◽

pp. 436 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

John S. Banerji ◽

Kumar Manoj Ramani ◽

A. Devasia

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Adrenal Gland ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy ◽

Adrenal Mass ◽

Extramedullary Hematopoiesis ◽

Asymptomatic Individual ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Extramedullary Haematopoiesis ◽

History Of

Extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH) is common in the spleen, liver and lymph nodes, or in para osseus sites. EMH in the adrenal is rare, with fewer than 10 cases reported. We report the case of a 40-year-old male who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy for an incidentally detected adrenal mass. The histology showed extramedullary hematopoesis. In patients with a known history of haemolytic anaemia, an enlarged adrenal gland in an asymptomatic individual could represent extramedullary haematopoesis. A confirmatory biopsy would be all that is necessary to avoid adrenalectomy.

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Surgical treatment of intestinal complications of graft versus host disease in the pediatric population: Case series and review of literature

Journal of Pediatric Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.06.022 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (11) ◽

pp. 1718-1722 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Camille A. Gutierrez ◽

Mehul V. Raval ◽

Hannah R. Vester ◽

Sonali Chaudhury ◽

Daniel von Allmen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Graft Versus Host Disease ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Case Series ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Host Disease ◽

Graft Versus Host

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SoxE Proteins Are Differentially Required in Mouse Adrenal Gland Development

Molecular Biology of the Cell ◽

10.1091/mbc.e07-08-0782 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 1575-1586 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Simone Reiprich ◽

C. Claus Stolt ◽

Silke Schreiner ◽

Rosanna Parlato ◽

Michael Wegner

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Gland ◽

Neural Crest ◽

Adrenal Medulla ◽

Neural Crest Cells ◽

Transactivation Domain ◽

Dimerization Domain ◽

Neural Crest Derivative ◽

Sox Proteins ◽

Gland Development ◽

Deficient Mice

Sry-box (Sox)8, Sox9, and Sox10 are all strongly expressed in the neural crest. Here, we studied the influence of these closely related transcription factors on the developing adrenal medulla as one prominent neural crest derivative. Whereas Sox9 was not expressed, both Sox8 and Sox10 occurred widely in neural crest cells migrating to the adrenal gland and in the gland itself, and they were down-regulated in cells expressing catecholaminergic traits. Sox10-deficient mice lacked an adrenal medulla. The adrenal anlage was never colonized by neural crest cells, which failed to specify properly at the dorsal aorta and died apoptotically during migration. Furthermore, mutant neural crest cells did not express Sox8. Strong adrenal phenotypes were also observed when the Sox10 dimerization domain was inactivated or when a transactivation domain in the central portion was deleted. Sox8 in contrast had only minimal influence on adrenal gland development. Phenotypic consequences became only visible in Sox8-deficient mice upon additional deletion of one Sox10 allele. Replacement of Sox10 by Sox8, however, led to significant rescue of the adrenal medulla, indicating that functional differences between the two related Sox proteins contribute less to the different adrenal phenotypes of the null mutants than dependence of Sox8 expression on Sox10.

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Varied foci of primary benign schwannoma of the thorax: a case series

Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease ◽

10.4081/monaldi.2021.1575 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 91 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Archana Malik ◽

Manju Rajaram ◽

Mahesh Babu Vemuri ◽

Madhusmita Mohanty Mohapatra ◽

Srinivas BH ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chest Radiograph ◽

Peripheral Nerves ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Case Series ◽

Posterior Mediastinum ◽

Common Site ◽

Benign Schwannoma ◽

Slow Growing

Schwannomas are the most common tumor of peripheral nerves. It comprises 1 to 2% of total thoracic tumor. Posterior mediastinum is the most common site in thorax. Hereby we are reporting two cases of schwannoma with different sites of origin. The classical presentation of schwannoma is an asymptomatic mass found on chest radiograph. This tumor is usually benign and slow growing. Imaging followed by histopathological examination is key to the diagnosis of this neoplasm. Resection of tumor cures the disease.

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Angiomyolipoma; a rare entity in the left adrenal gland

Journal of Pathology of Nepal ◽

10.3126/jpn.v8i2.20897 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 1416-1418

Author(s):

Shankar Bastakoti ◽

Binay Thakur ◽

Mukti Devkota ◽

Amrita Paudel

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Gland ◽

Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy ◽

Adrenal Mass ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

English Literature ◽

Flank Pain ◽

Rare Entity ◽

Left Adrenal Gland ◽

Left Flank ◽

Left Flank Pain

Adrenal angiomyolipoma is a rare benign entity and only to sixteen cases have been reported in English literature till date. Other site of occurrence is liver, spleen, lungs, bone and ovary. We report a female aged 54 years, who presented with left flank pain, on CT scan showed left adrenal mass. Patient underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy and final histopathological examination revealed angiomyolipoma of left adrenal gland.

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