Evaluation of Road Utilisation as Space For Holding Social Ceremonies in Indigenous Residential Area of Ogbomoso, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (March 2018) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A Okanlawon ◽  
O.O Odunjo ◽  
S.A Olaniyan
Keyword(s):  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Noisy Environment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Core ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

This study examined Residents’ evaluation of turning transport infrastructure (road) to spaces for holding social ceremonies in the indigenous residential zone of Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Upon stratifying the city into the three identifiable zones, the core, otherwise known as the indigenous residential zone was isolated for study. Of the twenty (20) political wards in the two local government areas of the town, fifteen (15) wards that were located in the indigenous zone constituted the study area. Respondents were selected along one out of every three (33.3%) of the Trunk — C (local) roads being the one mostly used for the purpose in the study area. The respondents were the residents, commercial motorists, commercial motorcyclists, and celebrants. Six hundred and forty-two (642) copies of questionnaire were administered and harvested on the spot. The Mean Analysis generated from the respondents’ rating of twelve perceived hazards listed in the questionnaire were then used to determine respondents’ most highly rated perceived consequences of the practice. These were noisy environment, Blockage of drainage by waste, and Endangering the life of the sick on the way to hospital; the most highly rated reasons why the practice came into being; and level of acceptability of the practice which was found to be very unacceptable in the study area. Policy makers should therefore focus their attention on strict enforcement of the law prohibiting the practice in order to ensure more cordial relationship among the citizenry, seeing citizens’ unacceptability of the practice in the study area.

scholarly journals Microbiological Quality of Attiéké (Steamed Cassava Semolina) Sold in Côte d’Ivoire

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
KPATA-KONAN Nazo Edith ◽  
YAO N’Zué Benjamin ◽  
COULIBALY Kalpy Julien ◽  
KONATÉ Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
And Storage ◽  
The Town ◽  
Microbiological Analyses

This article looked at the quantity and storage time of attiéké produced and sold in the town of Daloa. It also examines the microbiological characteristics of attiéké-femme and attiéké-garba from this locality during storage. The study was carried out on the one hand through a field survey carried out on the producers and sellers. On the other hand, a sample was taken from 10 sellers of attiéké-garba and 10 sellers of attiéké-woman. The study found that the women producers sell 87% of their production in the city of Daloa and export 13%. In addition, attiéké can be kept for 2 days at the producers and beyond 2 days at the sellers before their stock runs out. Therefore, a weekly production of more than 200 kg for the majority of the producers is observed. Microbiological analyses showed high levels of germs (MAG: 6.106 CFU/g; Yeasts and moulds: 2.7.106 CFU/g) for attiéké-women and (2.106 CFU/g of GAM and 1.6.103 CFU/g of Yeasts and moulds) for attiéké-garba. Total coliforms and faecal coliforms were only found in attiéké-women. No salmonella was observed. In view of the results, it should be noted that female attiéké is the most contaminated type of attiéké.

scholarly journals Land-Use Dynamics in Transport-Impacted Urban Fabric: A Case Study of Martin–Vrútky, Slovakia

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Jana Nozdrovická ◽  
Ivo Dostál ◽  
František Petrovič ◽  
Imrich Jakab ◽  
Marek Havlíček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Past Conditions

The paper evaluates landscape development, land-use changes, and transport infrastructure variations in the city of Martin and the town of Vrútky, Slovakia, over the past 70 years. It focuses on analyses of the landscape structures characterizing the study area in several time periods (1949, 1970, 1993, 2003); the past conditions are then compared with the relevant current structure (2018). Special attention is paid to the evolution of the landscape elements forming the transport infrastructure. The development and progressive changes in traffic intensities are presented in view of the resulting impact on the formation of the landscape structure. The research data confirm the importance of transport as a force determining landscape changes, and they indicate that while railroad accessibility embodied a crucial factor up to the 1970s, the more recent decades were characterized by a gradual shift to road transport.

2. German Retrospect

1883 ◽  
Vol 29 (125) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
William W. Ireland
Keyword(s):  
Relative Size ◽  
Cranial Capacity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Country People

Johann Ranke, of Munich (cited in the “Centralblatt für Nerven-heilkunde,” 1 Juni, 1882), has studied the relative size of the crania of the inhabitants of the town and country, upon a hundred males and a hundred females from villages, and two hundred skulls from the city of Munich. He finds that, though the size and stature of the country people are greater, the cranial capacity is less in both sexes. The mean capacity of 200 skulls of both sexes was

scholarly journals The Classical Topography of the Roman Campagna.–I.

1902 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 126-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ashby
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
City Gates ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
Road System

It is a tendency of all great cities to possess two distinct and often independent sets of communications, the one for local, the other for long-distance traffic; and, unless a city has suddenly sprung into being, it will be found that, in order of development, the former precedes and is the germ of the latter. In the case of Rome, we are able to trace with remarkable clearness the successive stages of the development of the road system. The roads which, when this system had attained its perfection, we find radiating in all directions from the city, may be divided into two groups. The first of these, the local roads, take their name from the cities to which they lead; the second, the longdistance roads, from those who were chiefly responsible for their construction. All, however, must have originated as short-distance roads, leading to some town or other, and if we possessed sufficient information as to the spread of the Roman supremacy in Italy, we should be able to trace step by step the development of the long-distance roads from the local ones in every case. For the growth of the road system is intimately connected with the growth of the power of Rome. As soon as we are able to fix approximately the earliest bounds of her territory, we find her enclosed within very narrow limits. Except along the banks of the Tiber, her dominion extended hardly five miles from the city gates.

Analysis of the Chimney Effect During the Reflooding Phase of a Large Break LOCA Transient With the 3D Module of the CATHARE2 Code

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Tamburini ◽  
Valia Guillard ◽  
Nathalie Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Test Configuration ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Dimensional Module ◽  
Chimney Effect

This study deals with the ability of the three-dimensional module of the CATHARE2 code to simulate the thermalhydraulic behavior of a 900MWe Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) in Large Break Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA) conditions. The CATHARE2 code is a “Best-Estimate” system code, developed by the CEA, in collaboration with EDF, AREVA NP and IRSN, used in France in the frame of realistic methodology to evaluate safety margins. Particularly, the realistic simulation of the so-called “chimney effect”, which occurs during the reflooding phase of a Large Break LOCA is of primary importance. Observed during experiments, this effect is indeed characteristic of the hydraulic behavior of a nuclear core presenting a non-uniform radial power profile. Several separate effect tests such as PERICLES 2D reflood and CCTF/SCTF experiments have demonstrated the existence of cross-flows between the hot assembly and the mean assemblies of the core during this reflooding phase. Liquid goes from the mean assemblies toward the hot one beneath the quench front leading to an increase in the heat transfer coefficient in the hot assembly compared to the one in the mean assemblies, and hence to a better cooling of the hot rod. After a literary survey on the “chimney effect”, quantitative information has been found in several publications concerning SCTF and CCTF tests. More precisely, a correlation has been established from the results of these tests providing the increase rate of the heat transfer coefficient in the hot assembly compared to the one in the mean assemblies depending on the power features of the core. The assumptions related to the establishment of this correlation are first validated in case of the PERICLES 2D Reflood test configuration. Then the simulation of the “chimney effect” by the three-dimensional module of the CATHARE2 code is analyzed by comparing simulation and experimental results in the PERICLES 2D Reflood test configuration. Finally, the same kind of study is performed with the simulation of a 900MWe PWR core in reflooding conditions typical of a Large Break LOCA transient. In both cases, the difference between the heat transfer coefficients of the hot assembly and the mean ones obtained during the CATHARE2 simulations is compared to the correlation derived from the SCTF and CCTF experimental results. While the simulation of a Large Break LOCA in a 900MWe PWR has quite well reproduced SCTF/CCTF experimental evidences, the study performed with PERICLES configuration has not given such satisfying results, probably due to the lack of representativeness of the device (only three aligned assemblies).

scholarly journals ‘Freedom From Fear and Want’ and Our Psychological Response to Environmental Changes

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi-Han Wei ◽  
Rui Tao ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Shu Li
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Objective Quality ◽  
Fundamental Freedoms ◽  
Psychological Mechanism ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Post Disaster

Freedom from fear and freedom from want are two of the fundamental freedoms and likely related to changes in the environment. It has usually been assumed that our subjective feelings should change accordingly with changes in the objective environment. However, two counterintuitive effects reviewed in this article imply a rather complex psychological mechanism behind how people respond to environmental changes and strive for the freedom from fear and want. The first is the ‘psychological typhoon eye’ effect, in which the closer people are to hazards, the calmer they feel. Several possible explanations have been proposed, but the mechanism behind this effect remains unclear. The findings are important for future post-disaster interventions and helpful for policy makers in risk management and researchers in risk studies. The second effect is the ‘town dislocation’ effect, wherein although inhabitants’ objective quality of life is improved during the urbanisation process, the projected endorsement and rated social ambience of town residents is lower than that of residents in the country and in the city; this effect is mediated by social support. The findings have implications for how to better assess the urbanisation process and how to improve people's affective appraisals of their living environment.

scholarly journals Urban Legibility Condition in Nigeria: A Narration of Residents’ Experience in Ibadan Metropolitan Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4 (52)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun Ayodele Olowoporoku
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Core ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

Peoples’ opinion has been an adjudged tool for proffering solution to various urban problems. By this, information is sourced to guide policy-makers and other environmentally concerned stakeholders in taking enlightened decisions about the future of cities. This study therefore examined urban legibility across different residential zones of Ibadan metropolis with a view to providing information that could enhance the livability of the city and others with similar background. A total of 327 residents were selected for the survey using systematic sampling technique. The study revealed that the most predominant urban legibility elements used in navigation in the core and transition zones were areas names while availability of nearby churches was the prominent urban legibility elements in giving/receiving directions in the suburban.             The study revealed that variation existed in the importance residents attached to the various urban legibility elements as well as the effectiveness of these elements across the various residential areas of the metropolis. Furthermore, the study established that locating places in Ibadan in terms of describing and taking description is a challenging task. It recommended that the government should work out modalities to locate all urban legibility elements, enlighten the public on the need to incorporate these elements in order to improve street coordinate system in the study area and also develop and implement existing development plan with the integration of urban legibility elements.

Canterbury Excavations, 1944–8

Antiquity ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 23 (91) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheppard Frere
Keyword(s):  
Deep Foundations ◽  
Main Street ◽  
Dark Ages ◽  
Open Site ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

On 1 June 1942, occurred the German air-raid which destroyed about one-fifth of the old part of the City of Canterbury. It was soon realized that a unique opportunity existed of discovering something of the archaeological past of the city before rebuilding again concealed the wide areas now exposed.It was not only an opportunity but a duty ; for modern rebuilding, with its deep foundations, would be bound to destroy a very large part of whatever evidence had survived until the present. The Canterbury Excavations Committee was accordingly formed by the initiative of the local Archaeological Society, and excavations under a supervisor lent by the Ministry of Works began in August 1944, and have continued three times a year up to the present.Canterbury is one of the few Romano-British towns where there are good grounds for supposing a continuity of occupation through the Dark Ages. Thus though there was little to hint at any pre-Roman occupation, from the Roman, Saxon, and Medieval periods much was to be expected. Yet such a prediction has not turned out wholly true. On the one hand evidence for a pre-Roman Belgic settlement is accumulating ; but little of Saxon date has been found, and the circumstances of the excavations have limited the extent of the medieval discoveries.The town could not be investigated purely as an archaeological problem, digging on sites which seemed promising and following out the plan as on an open site like Silchester or Verulam. There was a double call. Rebuilding was ever imminent, and the first sites to be rebuilt were likely to be along the main street-frontages. Attention was necessarily devoted first to them.

scholarly journals LVIV ACCOUNT BOOK AS A SOURSE FOR THE SOCIAL STRATIFICATION OF THE TOWN IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 15TH CENTURY

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Yelyzaveta Piankova
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
Average Quantity ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The article is devoted to one of the elder town’s income-expenditure book which is considered as a source for the social stratification of the city of Lviv from 1404 to 1414. The main problems which are stated from the analysis of the book’s registries (registrum) connected to the citizen’s status and their occupation. It is also revealed the peculiarities of the connections between the city authorities and inhabitants. The account registries of the book exposed the average quantity of the dwellers who were obliged to pay a different kind of taxes, especially a szos which was levied from the citizens who had the property. Additionally, it showed that the registrum of the book could also be interpreted not only as an economic constituent of Lviv in the 15th century but also as a source for the depiction of the various spheres of citizen lives. For instance, the taxes registers provided a broad range of communities which were engaged in merchantry, craftsmanship, renovation work, and light manufacturing. We could find in the sources their titles, names, and sort of occupation. Notably, most of the citizens who were involved in a different kind of work received from the town’s government encouragement in the form of monetary payments and another benefit. The texts of the registries at the book have also shown capitulary of the middle ages Lviv streets. According to this, my presumption was stated to account how many dwellers had lived at the one the street and even if they did how it is calculated due to the average amount of Lviv’s citizens. Forasmuch as the Polish historian Stanislaw Kutrzeba idea was stated that at the beginning of the 15th century it was at least 2481 citizens of Lviv. Key words: Lviv, accounts book, szos taxes, citizens, properties.

Datcha—Stadia—Halikarnassos

1912 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
F. W. Hasluck
Keyword(s):  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The opinion of Captain T. A. B. Spratt that the ruins at Datcha represent the Dorian city of Akanthos has naturally been adopted by subsequent cartographers as being that of the one man who has thoroughly explored the Knidian peninsula. The identification rests, like so many others, on slight evidence owing to the meagreness of ancient records concerning the city in question: added local knowledge makes another identification seem preferable.The inhabitants of Syme, on the authority of M. Chaviaras, himself a Symiote, to this day refer to the site as Stadia (Σταδία), of which Datcha is in reality only a dialectic variant with the Σ elided, as so often, by false analogy. The existence of a town called Stadia on this coast can be traced from Pliny downwards. The latter places a town variously called Pegusa or Stadia near Knidos—Est in promontorio Cnidus libera, Triopia, dein Pegusa et Stadia appellata: the name Pegusa is readily explained by the springs in the plain of Datcha, and the comparative obscurity of the town by the fact that it was in ancient times subordinate to Knidos.

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