scholarly journals Civil Registration and Vital Statistics as Sources of Socio-Demographic Data for Good Governance in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ukoji V. Ukoji ◽  
Ethelbert Okoronkwo ◽  
Chukwuechefulam K. Imo ◽  
Chidi S. Mbah
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Civil Registration ◽  
Sociodemographic Data

Timely and accurate demographic data, resulting from robust Civil Registration and Vital Statistics [CRVS] systems play critical roles in facilitating the realisation of key developmental goals in most countries. A well-functioning CRVS system can afford Nigeria the ambit to gather timely data for evidence-based policy-making. However, just as in many other developing countries, Nigeria’s CRVS framework is plagued by weak institutional linkages resulting to poor quality sociodemographic data. Therefore, this paper focused on the importance of a robust CRVS system as source of quality sociodemographic data in Nigeria, with the objective of situating it within the broader context of good governance. The paper is primarily theoretical and employed the activity theory to examine access to and use of population-based data from the CRVS system for good governance. This paper concludes that the inability to generate actionable and quality population-based data due to Nigeria’s weak CRVS system, as well as non-data driven socioeconomic policies hinders good governance. Therefore, more investments are needed to scale-up Nigeria’s CRVS system and the resulting sociodemographic data should be a priority in driving national policy-making for good governance.

scholarly journals The status, challenges and opportunities of civil registration and vital statistics in Ethiopia: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Muluneh E. Gizaw
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Civil Registration ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Infant Stage ◽  
Different Parts

<p>While civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) plays prominent roles to improve public sector management, i.e., the economic, social and political issues of a population, its adoption has not been yet without challenges and is still in its infant stage in most developing countries, including Ethiopia. This study reviews various literatures and studies made by different researchers and institutions related to the status, challenges and opportunities of CRVS in Ethiopia. Even though, CRVS has got a national recognition before hundred years in the country, the directives and rules are not issued for implementation. According to the findings,<strong> </strong>Ethiopia is among the countries that have not yet installed CRVS systems in both national and regional levels successfully. It is challenged by infrastructure, capacity building and lack of awareness among the population on the benefits of the system. The status of civil registration and vital statistics is in the lowest rank in Ethiopia. Recently, the aid agencies and the government has been giving special attention to scale up its performance in different parts of the country.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals DEMOGRAPHY-BASED DEVELOPMENT: THE CHALLENGES OF CIVIL REGISTRATION TO REDUCE POVERTY IN INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Dona Budi Kharisma ◽  
Sri Wahyuningsih Yulianti
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Civil Registration ◽  
Strategic Role

<p>The present study seeks to analyze the functions of civil registration in poverty reduction and to identify various problems encountered in civil registration in Indonesia. This study was conducted by using an empirical law research. Primary data and legal materials are analyzed qualitatively with empirical juridical approach. The results conclude that civil registration yields demographic data that play a strategic role in the utilization of public services and development planning. Improving the quality of human life, either in the field of education, health or revenue requires demographic data as the policy focus. This gives implications that the basis of development program interventions in the three sectors refer to the aforementioned demographic data. Therefore, the use of demographic data and expansion of the coverage of ownership of demographic documents present as strategic steps for poverty reduction. However, the low attainment of document ownership in some regions and the limited number of civil registration apparatuses become an indicator of the absence of roles of demographic data in development. This has an impact on improperly targeted development planning. Several strategies that need to be implemented include: (1) Strengthening regulations at the regional level that regulate the utilization of demographic data in development planning; (2) establishing study program of civil registration law as an attempt of population-based development in Indonesia.</p>

scholarly journals Epidemiological, Virological and Serological Features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cases in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Wuhan: A Population-based Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Huang ◽  
Nianhua Xie ◽  
Xuejiao Hu ◽  
Han Yan ◽  
Jie Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Signal Value ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Background We aimed to describe the epidemiological, virological, and serological features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH). Methods This population-based cohort study identified all COVID-19 cases among all PLWH in Wuhan, China, by 16 April 2020. The epidemiological, virological, and serological features were analyzed based on the demographic data, temporal profile of nucleic acid test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the disease, and SARS-CoV-2–specific immunoglobin (Ig) M and G after recovery. Results From 1 January to 16 April 2020, 35 of 6001 PLWH experienced COVID-19, with a cumulative incidence of COVID-19 of 0.58% (95% confidence interval [CI], .42–.81%). Among the COVID-19 cases, 15 (42.86) had severe illness, with 2 deaths. The incidence, case-severity, and case-fatality rates of COVID-19 in PLWH were comparable to those in the entire population in Wuhan. There were 197 PLWH who had discontinued combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), 4 of whom experienced COVID-19. Risk factors for COVID-19 were age ≥50 years old and cART discontinuation. The median duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding among confirmed COVID-19 cases in PLWH was 30 days (interquartile range, 20–46). Cases with high HIV viral loads (≥20 copies/mL) had lower IgM and IgG levels than those with low HIV viral loads (&lt;20 copies/ml; median signal value divided by the cutoff value [S/CO] for IgM, 0.03 vs 0.11, respectively [P &lt; .001]; median S/CO for IgG, 10.16 vs 17.04, respectively [P = .069]). Conclusions Efforts are needed to maintain the persistent supply of antiretroviral treatment to elderly PLWH aged 50 years or above during the COVID-19 epidemic. The coinfection of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 might change the progression and prognosis of COVID-19 patients in PLWH.

scholarly journals A Population-Based Retrospective Study of Biliary Tract Cancers in Alberta, Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 417-427
Author(s):  
Carissa Beaulieu ◽  
Arthur Lui ◽  
Dimas Yusuf ◽  
Zainab Abdelaziz ◽  
Brock Randolph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ◽  
Intrahepatic Bile Duct ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
First Line ◽  
Biliary Tract Cancers

Background: Biliary tract cancers (BTC) are uncommon malignancies and are underrepresented in the literature. Methods: We performed a retrospective population-based review of adult patients with biopsy-confirmed BTC in Alberta from 2000 to 2015. Demographic data, risk factors, symptoms, treatment, and staging data were collected and analyzed. Survival analyses were completed. Results: A total of 1604 patients were included in our study, of which 766 (47.8%) were male. The median age at diagnosis was 68 (range 19–99). There were 374 (23.3%) patients with resectable tumors at diagnosis versus 597 (37.2%) with unresectable tumors. Of the patients, 380 (21.5%) received chemotherapy (CT) and 81 (5.0%) underwent radiation therapy. There was a clear trend with worsening stage and performance status associated with shorter median overall survival (OS). Ampulla of Vater tumors had the best median OS (25.69 months), while intrahepatic bile duct cancers had the worst (5.78 months). First-line palliative CT regimens included gemcitabine+cisplatin (OS 14.98 months (mo), n = 212), single agent gemcitabine (OS 12.42 mo, n = 22), capecitabine (OS 8.12 mo, n = 8), and capecitabine+gemcitabine (OS 6.93 mo, n = 13). Patients with advanced or metastatic disease who received first-line gemcitabine+cisplatin had a median OS of 11.8 months (n = 119). Conclusion: BTCs have poor survival. Worse outcomes occur in higher stage and poorer Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status patients across all tumor subtypes. Tumor resectability at diagnosis was associated with better OS. Our study supports the use of gemcitabine+cisplatin as a combination first-line palliative CT, as patients treated in Alberta have a comparable OS to that reported in the ABC-02 phase III study.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of systemic sclerosis: a multi-database population-based study in Tuscany (Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Coi ◽  
◽  
Simone Barsotti ◽  
Michele Santoro ◽  
Fabio Almerigogna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Drug Prescriptions ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Lower Survival ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

Abstract Background Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a complex pathogenesis that includes vascular injury, abnormal immune activation, and tissue fibrosis. We provided a complete epidemiological characterization of SSc in the Tuscany region (Italy), considering prevalence and incidence, survival, comorbidities and drug prescriptions, by using a multi-database population-based approach. Cases of SSc diagnosed between 1st January 2003 and 31st December 2017 among residents in Tuscany were collected from the population-based Rare Diseases Registry of Tuscany. All cases were linked to regional health and demographic databases to obtain information about vital statistics, principal causes of hospitalization, complications and comorbidities, and drug prescriptions. Results The prevalence of SSc in Tuscany population resulted to be 22.2 per 100,000, with the highest prevalence observed for the cases aged ≥ 65 years (33.2 per 100,000, CI 95% 29.6–37.3). In females, SSc was predominant (86.7% on the total) with an overall sex ratio F/M of 6.5. Nevertheless, males presented a more severe disease, with a lower survival and significant differences in respiratory complications and metabolic comorbidities. Complications and comorbidities such as pulmonary involvement (HR = 1.66, CI 95% 1.17–2.35), congestive heart failure (HR = 2.76, CI 95% 1.80–4.25), subarachnoid and intracerebral haemorrhage (HR = 2.33, CI 95% 1.21–4.48) and malignant neoplasms (HR = 1.63, CI 95% 1.06–2.52), were significantly associated to a lower survival, also after adjustment for age, sex and other SSc-related complications. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, endothelin receptor antagonists, and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors were the drugs with the more increasing prevalence of use in the 2008–2017 period. Conclusions The multi-database approach is important in the investigation of rare diseases where it is often difficult to provide accurate epidemiological indicators. A population-based registry can be exploited in synergy with health databases, to provide evidence related to disease outcomes and therapies and to assess the burden of disease, relying on a large cohort of cases. Building an integrated archive of data from multiple databases linking a cohort of patients to their comorbidities, clinical outcomes and survival, is important both in terms of treatment and prevention.

scholarly journals The Participation of Senior Citizens in Policy-Making: Patterning Initiatives in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Roberto Falanga ◽  
Andreas Cebulla ◽  
Andrea Principi ◽  
Marco Socci
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Civic Participation ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Participatory Approaches ◽  
Aging Policy ◽  
Older Citizens

Worldwide, active aging policy calls for greater participation of senior citizens in the social, economic, and political realms. Despite emerging evidence of initiatives engaging senior citizens in social activities, little is known about the use of participatory approaches in the design and/or implementation of policies that matter to older citizens. This article identifies initiatives facilitating the civic participation of older people in policy-making in European Union member and associate states, drawing on a review of the literature, consultation of national policy experts, and exemplary case studies. Four main patterns of senior civic participation are identified: adopting consultative or co-decisional participatory approaches in policy design or policy implementation. The four are represented to varying degrees at different geographical levels (national, regional, local), with different actor configurations (appointed, elected/nominated, corporate representation), and with varying degree of institutionalization (temporary/permanent). Case studies illustrate approaches taken to enhance the quality and effectiveness of public services for senior citizens. Future research should strengthen this line of enquiry to cast further light on conditions facilitating the civic participation of senior citizens.

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