scholarly journals Information Theory of Evolutionary Stages in Noninteger Dimensional Spaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash Kak
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Accelerating Expansion ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Residual Potential

This paper investigates evolution of a physical system through intermediate noninteger dimensions to provide a phenomenological explanation for the system’s emergent properties. In recent papers it was shown that physical space is associated with noninteger dimensionality and its value is associated with the strength of attractive inverse square law and this has applications to diverse fields including the design of metamaterials. Here this information-theoretic analysis is applied to cosmology to yields a novel noninteger dimensional explanation for filaments and sheets of matter, inflation, and the accelerating expansion of the universe, without the need to postulate inflation field or dark energy as the drivers of this expansion. Furthermore, the analysis shown that in the future as the zero-dimension residual potential declines further, the expansion will slow and then reverse. Evolution across noninteger spaces has potential relevance for the study of materials that emerge from compressing three-dimensional volumes into lower dimensions.

scholarly journals Information Theory of Evolutionary Stages in Noninteger Dimensional Spaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash Kak
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Accelerating Expansion ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Residual Potential

This paper investigates evolution of a physical system through intermediate noninteger dimensions to provide a phenomenological explanation for the system’s emergent properties. In recent papers it was shown that physical space is associated with noninteger dimensionality and its value is associated with the strength of attractive inverse square law and this has applications to diverse fields including the design of metamaterials. Here this information-theoretic analysis is applied to cosmology to yields a novel noninteger dimensional explanation for filaments and sheets of matter, inflation, and the accelerating expansion of the universe, without the need to postulate inflation field or dark energy as the drivers of this expansion. Furthermore, the analysis shown that in the future as the zero-dimension residual potential declines further, the expansion will slow and then reverse. Evolution across noninteger spaces has potential relevance for the study of materials that emerge from compressing three-dimensional volumes into lower dimensions.

scholarly journals Almost-Pseudo-Ricci Symmetric FRW Universe with a Dynamic Cosmological Term and Equation of State

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Sanjay Mandal ◽  
Avik De ◽  
Tee-How Loo ◽  
Pradyumn Kumar Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Cosmological Parameters ◽  
Cosmological Term ◽  
Ricci Scalar ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Frw Universe ◽  
Accelerating Expansion ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

The objective of the present paper is to investigate an almost-pseudo-Ricci symmetric FRW spacetime with a constant Ricci scalar in a dynamic cosmological term Λ(t) and equation of state (EoS) ω(t) scenario. Several cosmological parameters are calculated in this setting and thoroughly studied, which shows that the model satisfies the late-time accelerating expansion of the universe. We also examine all of the energy conditions to check our model’s self-stability.

Applications of Formalized Information Theory

2015 ◽  
pp. 159-178
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Data Compression ◽  
Theorem Proving ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

In previous chapters, the authors provided a comprehensive framework that can be used in the formal probabilistic and information-theoretic analysis of a wide range of systems and protocols. In this chapter, they illustrate the usefulness of conducting this analysis using theorem proving by tackling a number of applications including a data compression application, the formal analysis of an anonymity-based MIX channel, and the properties of the onetime pad encryption system.

scholarly journals An Information-Theoretic Analysis of Flexible Efficient Cognition for Persistent Sustainable Production

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Stephen Fox ◽  
Adrian Kotelba
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Sustainable Production ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Brain Entropy

Amidst certainty, efficiency can improve sustainability by reducing resource consumption. However, flexibility is needed to be able to survive when uncertainty increases. Apropos, sustainable production cannot persist in the long-term without having both flexibility and efficiency. Referring to cognitive science to inform the development of production systems is well established. However, recent research in cognitive science encompassing flexibility and efficiency in brain functioning have not been considered previously. In particular, research by others that encompasses information (I), information entropy (H), relative entropy (D), transfer entropy (TE), and brain entropy. By contrast, in this paper, flexibility and efficiency for persistent sustainable production is analyzed in relation to these information theory applications in cognitive science and is quantified in terms of information. Thus, this paper is consistent with the established practice of referring to cognitive science to inform the development of production systems. However, it is novel in addressing the need to combine flexibility and efficiency for persistent sustainability in terms of cognitive functioning as modelled with information theory.

Spectral redshift does not imply an accelerating expansion of the universe

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-456
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Laskaroudis
Keyword(s):  
Red Shift ◽  
Gravity Center ◽  
Erroneous Conclusion ◽  
Minimum Value ◽  
Accelerating Expansion ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Spectral Redshift

Spectra received from faraway heavenly objects display a redshift. In this paper, it is shown that there is a moment in time tx at which time the red shift has its minimum value. This moment is different for every object and depends on the distance of the emission from the gravity center of the object. So from the time of the creation of the object and up until the time tx, the red shift is decreasing and from that moment on it is increasing while the object, due to the expansion of the universe, continues to move away with decreasing speed. Due to the change of the red shift from decreasing to increasing, it is possible to observe faraway supernovas with a brightness that is less than what is expected. This observation leads to the erroneous conclusion that the universe is expanding with acceleration. Finally, an explanation is given to the fact that the number of quasars is decreasing in time.

scholarly journals ACCELERATING EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE MAY BE CAUSED BY INHOMOGENEITIES

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 1117-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
GYULA BENE ◽  
VIKTOR CZINNER ◽  
MÁTYÁS VASÚTH
Keyword(s):  
Friedmann Equation ◽  
Additional Term ◽  
Density Fluctuations ◽  
Einstein Equations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Accelerating Expansion ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Homogeneous Approximation ◽  
Spatial Inhomogeneities

We point out that, due to the nonlinearity of the Einstein equations, a homogeneous approximation in cosmology leads to the appearance of an additional term in the Friedmann equation. This new term is associated with the spatial inhomogeneities of the metric and can be expressed in terms of density fluctuations. Although it is not constant, it decays much slower (as t-2/3) than the other terms (like density) which decrease as t-2. The presence of the new term leads to a correction in the scale factor that is proportional to t2and may give account of the recently observed accelerating expansion of the universe without introducing a cosmological constant.

An Information-Theoretic Analysis on the Interactions of Variables in Combinatorial Optimization Problems

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Il Seo ◽  
Byung-Ro Moon
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Combinatorial Optimization ◽  
Evolutionary Algorithms ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Combinatorial Optimization Problems ◽  
Theoretical Results

In optimization problems, the contribution of a variable to fitness often depends on the states of other variables. This phenomenon is referred to as epistasis or linkage. In this paper, we show that a new theory of epistasis can be established on the basis of Shannon's information theory. From this, we derive a new epistasis measure called entropic epistasis and some theoretical results. We also provide experimental results verifying the measure and showing how it can be used for designing efficient evolutionary algorithms.

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