scholarly journals Identification of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains of the El Tor biovar sensitive to polymyxin B and their molecular genetic analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 538-547
Author(s):  
S. P. Zadnova ◽  
Ya. M. Krasnov ◽  
N. A. Plekhanov ◽  
A. A. Kritskiy ◽  
V. V. Kutyrev
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Photometric Method ◽  
Snp Analysis ◽  
Parsimony Method ◽  
Cholera Vibrio ◽  
El Tor

The aim of the work was the identification and genetic characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains of the El Tor biovar sensitive to polymyxin B among isolates imported to Russia.Materials and methods. We used 56 toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains of V. cholerae isolated from patients and from the environmental samples on the territory of Russia in 1970-2020. Resistance to polymyxin B was determined according to MR4.2.2218-07. The ability of strains to form a biofilm on the abiotic surface was assessed by a photometric method. Nucleotide sequences of genes were determined using UGENE 1.32 and MEGA X software. Phylogenetic analysis and tree construction were performed using "maximum parsimony" method in MEGA X software.Results and discussion. Two genetically modified strains of V. cholerae O1 biovar El Tor, M1509 and 3265/80, which were imported to Russia from India in 2012 and 2014, respectively, were identified. The analysis of 12 genes responsible for the resistance of V. cholerae O1 biovar El Tor strains to polymyxin B demonstrated that these strains contain the allele of the carRS gene, which is typical for all strains of cholera vibrio sensitive to polymyxin B. Study of V. cholerae M1509 and 3265/80 phylogeny based on SNP analysis showed that they fall into the same cluster with isolates containing the carRS allele isolated in India (2015) and Bangladesh (2018). V. cholerae M1509 and 3256/8 strains had the ability to form a biofilm similar to those observed in other genetically modified strains of cholera vibrio included into analysis.Conclusion. Highly virulent strains of the cholera agent with altered diagnostically significant features are imported into Russia, which should be taken into account when identifying V. cholerae O1 biovar El Tor strains isolated from patients and environmental samples during monitoring studies.

scholarly journals MLVA-TYPING OF CLINICAL STAMPS OF GENETICALLY CHANGED VIBRIO CHOLERAE BIOTYPE EL TOR INSULATED IN RUSSIA AND UKRAINE IN THE PERIOD OF SEVENTH PANDEMIC CHOLERA

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
I. V. Savelieva ◽  
A. N. Kulichenko ◽  
V. N. Saveliev ◽  
D. A. Kovalev ◽  
O. V. Vasilieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Cholera Vibrio ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
El Tor ◽  
Mlva Typing

Aim. Conduct in a comparative aspect MLVA-typing of genetically altered cholera vibrio biovar El Tor, isolated from patients during the epidemic (1994) and outbreaks (1993, 1998) in Dagestan with isolates in Mariupol (Ukraine) in 1994-2011 in Moscow (2010, 2012), India (1964, 2006, 2007), Bangladesh 1991, 1994, 2001, 2004) and to establish Phylogenetic connections between strains of cholera vibrios isolated in different years in these territories, to ascertain the source of their drift. Materials and methods. MLVA-tyP-ing was carried out in PCR at 5 variable loci of 35 clinical strains of genetically modified Vibrio cholerae byotyPe El Tor. The obtained amPlicon was studied in the system of automatic caPillary electroPhoresis ExPerion («Bio Rad Laboratories», USA). For Phylogenetic analysis, along with MLVA-genotyPes, 35 strains of Vibrio cholerae from the Institute's collection used Published genotyPes of strains isolated in India, Bangladesh, Haiti. Results. The investigated strains of cholera vibrio are referred to 21 MLVA-tyPes, divided into 2 main clades and 1 seParate branch with clonal clusters and subclusters, each of which contains closely related strains of cholera vibrio genovariants having a different degree of Phylogenetic relationshiP - full or Partial identity of allelic Profiles of five variable loci. The sources of drift of genetically modified Vibrio cholerae byotyPe El Tor to Russia and Ukraine from disadvantaged cholera of India, Bangladesh, Azerbaijan and the countries of the Middle East have been established. Conclusion. The obtained data testify to the PolymorPhism of MLVA-tyPes of genetically altered strains of cholera vibrio of the biologist El Tor, evolved in different years and caused ePidemics or outbreaks of cholera in different territories during different time Periods of the course of the seventh cholera Pandemic, and also suggest the Polyclonal origin of the Vibrio cholerae biovar El Tor and the source of their drift to the territory of the Russian Federation and Ukraine.

The evolution of the pathogen and the clinical and epidemiological features of the recent cholera (el tor)

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
V. N. Savelyev ◽  
I. V. Savelyeva ◽  
B. V. Babenyshev ◽  
A. N. Kulichenko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Cholera Outbreak ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
El Tor

In a comparative perspective studied cholera outbreak in the Caucasus due to typical toxigenic and genetically modified (hybrid) El Tor variant strains have been studied. Revealed features of the genetic structure of the genome, factors and ways of transmission of the causative agent of modern cholera El tor should be considered when improving the program of epidemiological supervision in terms of enhancing antiepidemic and prevention measures in cholera, the causative factor of which are of hybrid variants of Vibrio cholerae El tor.

scholarly journals Polymyxin B Resistance in El Tor Vibrio cholerae Requires Lipid Acylation Catalyzed by MsbB

2010 ◽  
Vol 192 (8) ◽  
pp. 2044-2052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyl S. Matson ◽  
Hyun Ju Yoo ◽  
Kristina Hakansson ◽  
Victor J. DiRita
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Peptide Antibiotic ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance ◽  
El Tor

ABSTRACTAntimicrobial peptides are critical for innate antibacterial defense. Both Gram-negative and Gram-positive microbes have mechanisms to alter their surfaces and resist killing by antimicrobial peptides. InVibrio cholerae, two natural epidemic biotypes, classical and El Tor, exhibit distinct phenotypes with respect to sensitivity to the peptide antibiotic polymyxin B: classical strains are sensitive and El Tor strains are relatively resistant. We carried out mutant screens of both biotypes, aiming to identify classicalV. choleraemutants resistant to polymyxin B and El TorV. choleraemutants sensitive to polymyxin B. Insertions in a gene annotatedmsbB(encoding a predicted lipid A secondary acyltransferase) answered both screens, implicating its activity in antimicrobial peptide resistance ofV. cholerae. Analysis of a defined mutation in the El Tor biotype demonstrated thatmsbBis required for resistance to all antimicrobial peptides tested. Mutation ofmsbBin a classical strain resulted in reduced resistance to several antimicrobial peptides but in no significant change in resistance to polymyxin B.msbBmutants of both biotypes showed decreased colonization of infant mice, with a more pronounced defect observed for the El Tor mutant. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that lipid A of themsbBmutant for both biotypes was underacylated compared to lipid A of the wild-type isolates, confirming that MsbB is a functional acyltransferase inV. cholerae.

Molecular-genetic analysis of Vibrio cholerae El Tor strains of epidemic risk isolated in Siberian and Far East regions of Russia

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Mironova ◽  
S. V. Balakhonov ◽  
L. Ya. Urbanovich ◽  
A. S. Kozhevnikova ◽  
V. S. Polovinkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Far East ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
El Tor ◽  
Epidemic Risk ◽  
Regions Of Russia

scholarly journals Bismuth sulphite media for the isolation of V. cholerae

1940 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Wilson ◽  
L. V. Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Cholera Vibrio ◽  
Enrichment Medium ◽  
The Media ◽  
El Tor

1. A fluid enrichment medium containing sulphite and bismuth based on Read's modification of one of Wilson & Blair's media has been devised and the claims of Read (1939) and Seal (1939) as to the value of such a medium has been confirmed.2. A saccharose mannitol sulphite bismuth alcohol phenol red agar medium is described and has been found to allow rich growth of the true cholera vibrio and to inhibit the growth not only of B. coli and B. lactis aërogenes but of many vibrios liable to be mistaken for the true vibrio cholerae.3. Thirty-one strains of true cholera vibrios, obtained from the National Collection, grew rapidly and profusely in the media.4. Of twenty-five cholera-like and para-cholera strains six grew well, whilst the growth of nineteen was scanty or nil.5. Of eleven El Tor vibrios five grew in both fluid and solid bismuth media, five grew only on the solid medium and in one no growth occurred in either medium. The El Tor colonies were much smaller than those of the epidemic cholera strains.

scholarly journals Virulence factors in environmental and clinical Vibrio cholerae from endemic areas in Kenya

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Racheal W. Kimani ◽  
Anne W. T. Muigai ◽  
Willie Sang ◽  
John N. Kiiru ◽  
Samuel Kariuki
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Seasonal Epidemics ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
El Tor

Background: Since 1971, Kenya has had repeated cholera outbreaks. However, the cause of seasonal epidemics of cholera is not fully understood and neither are the factors that drive epidemics, both in Kenya and globally.Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the environmental reservoirs of V. cholerae during an interepidemic period in Kenya and to characterise their virulence factors.Methods: One hundred (50 clinical, 50 environmental) samples were tested for V. cholerae isolates using both simplex and multiplex polymerase chain reaction.Results: Both sediments and algae from fishing and landing bays yielded isolates of V. cholerae. Clinical strains were characterised along with the environmental strains for comparison. All clinical strains harboured ctxA, tcpA (El Tor), ompU, zot, ace, toxR, hylA (El Tor) and tcpI genes. Prevalence for virulence genes in environmental strains was hylA (El Tor) (10%), toxR (24%), zot (22%), ctxA (12%),tcpI (8%), hylA (26%) and tcpA (12%).Conclusion: The study sites, including landing bays and beaches, contained environmental V. cholerae, suggesting that these may be reservoirs for frequent epidemics. Improved hygiene and fish-handling techniques will be important in reducing the persistence of reservoirs.

A. LECTINS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ANTI-LACTOFERRIN ACTIVITY OF VIBRIO CHOLERAE

2017 ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
V.A. Korshenko ◽  
I.Ya. Cherepakhina
Keyword(s):  
Protein Binding ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Initial Link ◽  
Lectin Receptors ◽  
Cholera Vibrio ◽  
Covalent Structure ◽  
El Tor

Anti-lactoferrin activity (AlfA) is one of the factors contributing to the persistence of V. cholerae in human body in formation of human vibriocarriers. It is shown that in the AlfA mechanism cholera vibrio lectins are participating as an initial link specifically binding to lactoferrin at the surface of microbial cells, providing for subsequent cleavage of this protein with the help of V. cholerae exoproteases. Lectins are proteins or glycoproteins of non-immune class, capable to reversibly bind to the carbohydrate fraction of glycoconjugates without breaking the covalent structure of any of the recognizable glycosyl ligands. As glycoproteins, lectins ensure the complementary highly specific carbohydrate-protein binding of the active sites of target cells (namely lactoferrin). It is proved that all V. cholerae El Tor and Bengal strains possess hexose-specific lectin receptors (especially mannose). Atoxigenic V. cholerae O1 and O139 strains possess, in addition to hexose receptors, lectins specific to aminosugars.

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