scholarly journals Herpesvirus infections and immunological disturbances in patients with different stages of Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
S. A. Krynskiy ◽  
I. K. Malashenkova ◽  
D. P. Ogurtsov ◽  
N. A. Khailov ◽  
E. I. Chekulaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity

Introduction. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease that leads to a progressive memory loss, visualspatial impairments, emotional and personality changes. As its earliest pre-dementia clinical stage, amnestic mild cognitive impairment syndrome (aMCI) is currently considered. Neuroinflammation plays a role in the development and progression of aMCI and the initial stage of AD, which can be supported by immunological disorders of a systemic character. Study of factors, including infections, influencing immune disorders and systemic inflammatory response in patients with aMCI, is of great importance.The aim of this study was to obtain new data on the possible role of herpesvirus infections in the development and progression of aMCI.Material and methods. 100 patients with aMCI diagnosis, 45 patients with AD, 40 people from the control group were enrolled into the study. The frequency of DNA detection of herpesviruses (Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human herpesviruses (HHV) type 6 and 7, cytomegalovirus (CMV)), the levels of viral load and the serological markers of herpesvirus infections (IgG to HHV-1, IgG to CMV) were determined. Immunological studies included an assessment of the level of the main pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and indicators of humoral and cellular immunity.Results. The study found an increased detection rate of EBV in saliva and a higher level of EBV DNA in saliva in aMCI and AD than in the control group. A relationship between the presence of active EBV infection and changes in immunological parameters in patients with aMCI were found. It was also discovered that the level of IgG antibodies to CMV is associated with the stage of AD.Discussion. The results indicate a possible role of EBV- and CMV-induced infections in the development of immunological changes which are typical for mild cognitive impairment and in the progression of AD. Conclusion. The obtained data can be important for prognostic methods addressing AD development, including its pre-dementia stage, and for new approaches to individualized treatment and prevention.

scholarly journals The Role of Dietary and Lifestyle Factors in Maintaining Cognitive Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie E. Marchand ◽  
Majken K. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Healthy Diets ◽  
Global Population

Concern over loss of cognitive function, including descent into Alzheimer’s disease or dementia, grips a growing percentage of men and women worldwide as the global population ages. Many studies, though not all, suggest that maintaining cognitive health, as well as slowing and even preventing cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease, can be achieved by consuming healthy diets over a long enough period of time. This appears to be the case even for those who initiated dietary changes later in life, as evidenced by an intervention study assessing consumption of a healthy diet among those who were >50 years of age. All such diets share the common traits of being rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fish or seafood, while also being low in red meat and sweets. A Mediterranean-style diet shares these characteristics and has been associated with an estimated 40% lower risk of cognitive impairment, including mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease in prospective studies, in addition to being associated with both a 65% lower risk of mild cognitive impairment and improved cognitive performance in a notable randomized controlled trial.

scholarly journals Autophagy and mitophagy biomarkers are reduced in sera of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Castellazzi ◽  
Simone Patergnani ◽  
Mariapina Donadio ◽  
Carlotta Giorgi ◽  
Massimo Bonora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cellular Processes

AbstractDementia is a neurocognitive disorder characterized by a progressive memory loss and impairment in cognitive and functional abilities. Autophagy and mitophagy are two important cellular processes by which the damaged intracellular components are degraded by lysosomes. To investigate the contribution of autophagy and mitophagy in degenerative diseases, we investigated the serum levels of specific autophagic markers (ATG5 protein) and mitophagic markers (Parkin protein) in a population of older patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two hundred elderly (≥65 years) outpatients were included in the study: 40 (20 F and 20 M) with mild-moderate late onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD); 40 (20 F and 20 M) affected by vascular dementia (VAD); 40 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI); 40 (20 F and 20 M) with “mixed” dementia (MD); 40 subjects without signs of cognitive impairment were included as sex-matched controls. Our data indicated that, in serum samples, ATG5 and Parkin were both elevated in controls, and that VAD compared with AD, MCI and MD (all p < 0.01). Patients affected by AD, MD, and MCI showed significantly reduced circulating levels of both ATG5 and Parkin compared to healthy controls and VAD individuals, reflecting a significant down-regulation of autophagy and mitophagy pathways in these groups of patients. The measurement of serum levels of ATG5 and Parkin may represent an easily accessible diagnostic tool for the early monitoring of patients with cognitive decline.

Potential Role of Diffusion Tensor MRI in the Differential Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 190 (5) ◽  
pp. 1369-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella B. Parente ◽  
Emerson L. Gasparetto ◽  
Luiz Celso Hygino da Cruz ◽  
Roberto Cortes Domingues ◽  
Ana Célia Baptista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Mri

scholarly journals Cognitive Skills Questionnaire: Comparative Results in Elderly Population without Cognitive Deficit, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Edith Labos ◽  
Edith Labos ◽  
Sofia Trojanowski ◽  
Karina Zabala ◽  
Miriam Del Rio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Complaint

The increase in consultations for changes and/or cognitive complaints in the elderly, together with the current interest in epidemiological research in this context creates the need for screening tools for cognitive assessment to enable the detection of early deficits. Evidence shows its predictive value in the development of dementia disease. This study aims at displaying the results of a Cognitive Skills Questionnaire (CSQ) in a patient population with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), both compared with a control group (CG) with no cognitive disorder and verifying its sensitivity and specificity in order to identify risk patients with cognitive disorder. Participants and Methods: A total of 208 participants were evaluated, out of which 60 had MCI, 46 had AD and a remaining group of 102 subjects who had no cognitive disorder. All participants were administrated the CSQ and a battery of neuropsychological proofs. We analysed the statistical data using ANOVA, Student’s t-test, Tuckey test, ROC curve and principal components analysis. A multiple regression analysis was carried out so as to single out those questions which better differentiated the studied groups. Results: The CSQ showed significant differences between the CG and both groups of patients (AD p> 0.01 and MCI p> 0.05). It was established a cut-off point of 17.5 in the CSQ total score with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 91.3%. Conclusion: The CSQ could eventually allow us to identify patients with cognitive disorders and those others with a cognitive complaint greater than expected. Thus, this questionnaire could be a useful testing and counselling tool in health primary attention.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease with Ensemble Learning Classifier and 3D Convolutional Neural Network

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7634
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Shukuan Lin ◽  
Jianzhong Qiao ◽  
Yue Tu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Ensemble Learning ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Disease Diagnosis

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is a progressive disease beginning with mild memory loss, possibly leading to loss of the ability to carry on a conversation and respond to environments. It can seriously affect a person’s ability to carry out daily activities. Therefore, early diagnosis of AD is conducive to better treatment and avoiding further deterioration of the disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the main tool for humans to study brain tissues. It can clearly reflect the internal structure of a brain and plays an important role in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. MRI data is widely used for disease diagnosis. In this paper, based on MRI data, a method combining a 3D convolutional neural network and ensemble learning is proposed to improve the diagnosis accuracy. Then, a data denoising module is proposed to reduce boundary noise. The experimental results on ADNI dataset demonstrate that the model proposed in this paper improves the training speed of the neural network and achieves 95.2% accuracy in AD vs. NC (normal control) task and 77.8% accuracy in sMCI (stable mild cognitive impairment) vs. pMCI (progressive mild cognitive impairment) task in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease.

scholarly journals The Role of Interleukin-33 in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Sung Liang ◽  
Kuan-Pin Su ◽  
Chia-Lin Tsai ◽  
Jiunn-Tay Lee ◽  
Che-Sheng Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Interleukin 33

scholarly journals Specific EEG Changes Associated with Atrophy of Hippocampus in Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Moretti ◽  
A. Prestia ◽  
C. Fracassi ◽  
G. Binetti ◽  
O. Zanetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Hippocampal Atrophy ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
Diagnostic Role ◽  
Eeg Changes

We evaluated the association between hippocampal atrophy and increase of the EEG markers alpha3/alpha2 relative power ratio in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease patients. Seventy-nine subjects with MCI and 11 patients with AD underwent EEG recording and MRI scan. The MCI group was subdivided in three subgroups according to growing hippocampal atrophy. The groups were characterized by alpha3/alpha2 relative power ratio. In AD patients group mapped hippocampal regions were computed and related with alpha3/alpha2 power ratio. Results show that the increase of alpha3/alpha2 power ratio is correlated with atrophy of hippocampus both in MCI and in Alzheimer's disease patients. This finding confirms the possible diagnostic role of EEG markers as diagnostic and prognostic factors in patient with prodromal and declared Alzheimer's disease.

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