scholarly journals Study of the prevalence of antibodies to some arboviruses in the population of the Republic of Guinea

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 346-353
Author(s):  
E. V. Naidenova ◽  
M. Yu. Kartashov ◽  
K. S. Zakharov ◽  
A. P. Shevtsova ◽  
M. G. Diallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
African Region ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Disease Patterns ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Total Structure ◽  
Batai Virus

Introduction. Acute febrile diseases kill more than 250,000 people annually in West Africa. Malaria and typhoid fever traditionally occupy most of the total structure of registered fevers. However, these data do not fully reflect the true overall disease patterns in the West African region. This is due to the fact that diagnosis is mainly based on the clinical signs of the infectious process, suggesting that a certain number of diseases may be caused by arboviruses. The detection of specific antibodies (ABs) to infectious pathogens in the blood sera of residents of a particular area is a reliable indicator of the circulation of these pathogens in a particular territory.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies to a number of arboviruses: Dengue (DENV), West Nile (WNV) (family Flaviviridae), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (orthonairo)virus (CCHFV), Batai (Batai virus), Bhanja (BHAV) (order Bunyavirales), Chikungunya (CHIKV), and Sindbis (SINV) (family Togaviridae) in the population of the Republic of Guinea.Material and methods. In total, a panel of 2,620 blood serum samples from people living in all landscape and geographical areas of Guinea was collected for the study. Detection of IgG antibodies was performed using an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA).Results. In total, ABs to Batai virus were detected in 144 samples (5.5%), BHAV in 58 (2.2%), WNV in 892 (34.0 %), DENV in 659 (25.2 %), CCHFV in 58 (2.2 %), CHIKV in 339 (12.9 %), and SINV in 52 samples (2.0 %).Discussion. The obtained results indicate serological evidence of the spectrum of arboviruses in the population of all landscape and geographical zones of the Republic of Guinea, confirming their active circulation in this territory.Conclusion. Given the high epidemiological significance of arbovirus infectious diseases, it is an urgent task to continue studying its share in the structure of febrile diseases in the territory of the Republic of Guinea.

scholarly journals Detection of Coxiella burnetii in ticks collected from cattle in several provinces of the Republic of Guinea

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 234-239
Author(s):  
Yulia A. Panferova ◽  
Olga A. Freylikhman ◽  
Nikolay K. Tokarevich ◽  
Ekaterina V. Naydenova ◽  
Kirill S. Zakharov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Plasmid Analysis ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Almost All

Background. Q fever, or coxiellosis, is a natural focal disease characterized by polymorphism of clinical signs and can affect not only humans but also many species of animals. This infection is spread almost all over the world. On the African continent, the foci of coxiellosis infection endanger the local population and people arriving for temporary stay. Given that sick agricultural animals and their ectoparasites are markers of the presence of infection in the region, a study of the latter may be relevant to identify the potential foci of Q fever. This work aimed to identify Coxiella burnetii DNA from ixodic ticks collected from cattle in several provinces of Republic of Guinea and to type isolates using genetic markers (plasmid type) to enable their comparison with strains of different geographical origin. Methods. Using amplification technologies, we investigated the ticks obtained from cattle in the provinces of Boke and Kindia to detect Coxiella DNA. Results. The genetic material of the Q fever causative agent was detected in no more than 5% of the total number of samples studied. For positive samples, typing was performed using plasmid analysis. The isolates with the plasmid type QpH1 circulate in the Republic of Guinea. Conclusion. The findings were analyzed along with data from other researchers on the spread of Q fever in subequatorial Africa. The differences in the levels of prevalence of Coxiella in ticks in the territories of not only different countries but also within the same state can be determined by the prevalence among the hosts within herds. The risk of contamination with Q fever in endemic regions should be considered.

scholarly journals Detection of measles cases in the Republic of Guinea in 2017–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-574
Author(s):  
I. N. Lavrentieva ◽  
M. A. Bichurina ◽  
A. Y. Antipova ◽  
J. Camara ◽  
N.F. Magassouba
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Level ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
The Republic

In 2017, WHO reported 596 confirmed measles cases in Guinea Republic connected to the 2016–2017 epidemic outbreak that was stopped after additional immunization (SIA) against measles in two provinces of the country. Improving the effectiveness of SIA is associated with the identification of epidemiologically significant groups of the population. The aim of the study was to analyze 2017–2018 measles cases and assess population immunity to measles virus in the Republic of Guinea. Materials and methods. A total of 810 blood serum samples collected from patients with maculo-papular rash and clinical diagnosis “measles?” were tested for measles virus-specific IgM-and IgG antibody level. 445 sera of conditionally healthy individuals aged 7 months to 67 years were examined for anti-measles virus IgG antibody level. Immunoglobulins of classes M and G were detected by ELISA with test systems «Anti-Measles Virus ELISA (IgM)» (Euro immun, Germany) and «Anti-Measles Virus ELISA (IgG)» (Euroimmun, Germany). Results and discussion.In 2017–2018, the epidemic process of the measles in the Republic of Guinea proceeded very intensively, being markedly prevalent in children among age groups. In 2018, more than half of the cases (61.6%) were identified in children aged 1 to 5 years old; the second most abundant age group was children under one year (18.6%), probably due to violated measles vaccination, which in GR are subject to children of nine months of age. It was found that 16.4% of patients (60 out of 366) had documented data on measles vaccination. Potentially, high proportion of measles cases among pre-vaccinated subjects was due to insufficient immune response to a single immunization in children of 9 months of age. Moreover, lowered vaccine-related properties might also be violated “cold chain” during vaccine transportation occurring in tropical climate. Analyzing 445 subjects revealed that total number of measles virus seronegative subjects was 8.3%. However, the vast majority of them were children and young adults aged 7 months to 22 years, where 52.4% of seronegative subjects were identified. Thus, the data obtained indicate that intensive measles virus circulation in human population was continued that necessitate interventions for improving epidemiological surveillance, extend routine measles vaccination coverage and conduct SIAs against measles in GR.

scholarly journals Formação de Recursos Humanos em Saúde na República da Guiné-Bissau: Evolução das Estruturas e Processos num Estado Frágil

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 742
Author(s):  
Cátia Sá-Guerreiro ◽  
Zulmira Hartz ◽  
Clotilde Neves ◽  
Paulo Ferrinho
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resources For Health ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Fragile States ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
African Region ◽  
The Public ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
The Republic

Introduction: In the context of fragility that characterizes the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, there is an absence of effective management of human resources for Health, which begs reflection regarding training that is provided. The purpose of this study was to analyse the training of human resources for Health in the Republic of Guinea-Bissau since 1974, placing it in the national context and relating the analysis to the situation described for Fragile States.Material and Methods: Using the content analysis of the results of semi-structured interviews, focus group and documentary analysis, we analysed the training offer on human resources for Health in two pillars - at the level of the structures / training institutions; and at the level of processes. The consideration of the context in which it takes place allowed for an integrated analysis in the reality experienced by Fragile States.Results: We synthesize the historical steps of the establishment of human resources for Health, describing the structures and their procedures, concretely of the public entities like the National School of Health and the Faculty of Medicine, as well as of the private entities that proliferate in the country.Discussion: The country reflects the problems that have been identified for the African Region, and for Fragile States in particular, namely: weak health leadership / governance; limitation in the implementation of the planned training strategies; inadequate human resources training capacity; total / partial dependence on training funding, proliferation of private, unofficially recognized training providers.Conclusion: The models that emerge as a response to the fragility in this area partially allow to respond to the training needs of the country but neglect the quality and perpetuate dependencies, aggravating the weaknesses of the State and of the public sector.

scholarly journals 2019–2020 measles in the Republic of Guinea: epidemic features and herd immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1179-1184
Author(s):  
I. N. Lavrentieva ◽  
M. A. Bichurina ◽  
A. Yu. Antipova ◽  
J. Camara ◽  
N’F. Magassouba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Republic

 Introduction. In connection with the Ebola epidemic in the West African countries, including the Republic of Guinea, a failure in implementing measles immunization program was noted. A proportion of measles seronegative subjects in 2017 was 52.4% of total examined individuals. In 2018, a high proportion of measles cases among children aged 1–5 years (61.6%) was identified. In order to stop the 2018 outbreak, the Supplemental Immunization Campaign was conducted in the Konakri and Nzerekore prefectures in the Republic of Guinea. The aim of this study was to examine the 2019–2020 measles epidemic situation and assess the measles population immunity in the Republic of Guinea. Materials and methods. Measles-specific antibodies were examined in 1697 blood serum samples collected from residents of different regions of the Republic of Guinea, aged from 7 months to 76 years, obtained in 2019–2020, and tested retrospectively. The ELISA test systems Anti-Measles Virus ELISA (IgM) Euroimmun and Anti-Measles Virus ELISA (IgG) Euroimmun (Germany) were used. The presence of serum IgM measles antibodies was considered as acute measles infection. Statistical analysis was performed using the software package Statistica 6.0. Results. Blood sera (n = 638) were tested for IgM-measles, and in 46.6% of cases the diagnosis was confirmed by laboratory tests. The biggest proportion of the total cases (61.6%) was found in children aged 1–4 years. The second most important age group was 5–9 years of age, the third is children under 1 year: 18.5% and 11.8% of the total number of patients, respectively. Measles infection was registered in vaccinated patients in 7.4% of the total number of laboratory-confirmed cases. 1059 subjects were examined for IgG measles antibody. The lowest seroprevalence rate was found among children under 4 years of age (47.8%). The highest (85.5%) was found among subjects of 40 years old and older. Conclusion. Measles in GR remains a poorly controlled infection. As in the previous years of observation (2017–2018), children under 5 years of age are the most vulnerable cohort of the population, despite the 2018 DI campaign conducted in a number of GR territories. More problems with the measles control in the Republic of Guinea are expected in the period from 2021, as along with the COVID-19 epidemic, Ebola is repeatedly registered in the country. The Republic of Guinea particularly requires assistance from the international community to implement the WHO measles elimination program on a global scale.

scholarly journals Initial Multitarget Approach Shows Importance for Improved Caprine Arthritis-encephalitis Virus Control Program in Russia for Hobbyist Goat Farms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard A. Shuralev ◽  
Nail I. Khammadov ◽  
Konstantin A. Osyanin ◽  
Inna A. Elizarova ◽  
Gaysha R. Salmanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus ◽  
The Third ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
The Republic

Aim: The aim of this study was to use a multi target approach to testing with both serological tests and an in-house real-time molecular test to investigate the prevalence of the caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) in goats from three hobbyist farms in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Materials and Methods: We have approached the detection of using a multi target approach testing with both ELISA and an in-house real-time PCR test to investigate the prevalence of CAEV in goats. Animals from three hobbyist farms were used in this study. The animals from two farms (n=13 for F1 and n=8 for F2) had clinical signs of arthritis and mastitis. In the third farm (n=15 for F3), all goats were homebred and had no contact with imported animals. Results: CAEV antibodies (ELISA targets TM env and gag genes) were detected in serum samples from two farms (F1 and F2), indicating a seroprevalence 87.50-92.31%. Specific CAEV antibodies were also detected in milk samples. CAEV proviral DNA was detected in 53.85-62.50%. Results from all tests performed in the third farm (F3) were negative, indicting all tests were 100% specific.Conclusion: Results of this work show that CAEV is circulating and present in small hobbyist goat farms in Russia. Serological and molecular tests could be of importance for CAEV control and eradication programs in Russia for hobbyist goat farms.

scholarly journals Detection of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Markers in Samples of Ixodes Ticks Collected in the Territory of the Republic of Guinea

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
E. V. Naydenova ◽  
K. S. Zakharov ◽  
M. Yu. Kartashov ◽  
D. A. Agafonov ◽  
A. V. Boiko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
Ixodes Ticks ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Positive Results

Objective of the study. This work was carried out to identify markers (antigen and RNA) of CrimeanCongo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus in samples from ticks, collected in all landscape-geographical areas of Guinea: Lower, Middle, Upper and Forest, to obtain up-to-date data on the distribution of the pathogen in the country.Materials and methods. Total of 4276 specimens of 8 species of ticks collected in 2016–2019 in the territory of the Republic of Guinea were studied, which were compiled into 1406 samples. Ectoparasites were collected from livestock animals, dogs, and small mammals. Viral antigen was detected using enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). The presence of RNA of the CCHF virus was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results and discussion. As a result of the studies, the antigen of the CCHF virus was detected in 21 samples (1.5 %), and RNA – in 37 (2.6 %). All samples, in which the viral antigen was detected, contained RNA of the CCHF virus. Positive results were obtained in samples from all geographical areas of the country. The main vectors and reservoirs of the pathogen in Guinea are ticks of the species Rh. sanguineus, Rh. geigyi, Rh. annulatus and Am. variegatum. The data obtained confirm the previously available information on the possibility of the pathogen circulation in this region and determine the need for further study of the spread of the CCHF virus in the territory of the Republic of Guinea. 

scholarly journals Detection of Lassa Virus Antinucleoprotein Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM Antibodies by a Simple Recombinant Immunoblot Assay for Field Use

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 3143-3148 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ter Meulen ◽  
K. Koulemou ◽  
T. Wittekindt ◽  
K. Windisch ◽  
S. Strigl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid Level ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Lassa Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Immunoblot Assay ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
The Republic

The nucleoprotein of Lassa virus, strain Josiah, was expressed inEscherichia coli as an N-terminally truncated, histidine-tagged recombinant protein. Following affinity purification the protein was completely denatured and spotted onto nitrocellulose membrane. A total of 1 μg of protein was applied for detection of Lassa virus antibodies (LVA) in a simple immunoblot assay. Specific anti-Lassa immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies could be detected by increasing the amount of protein to 5 μg. A panel of 913 serum specimens from regions in which Lassa virus was endemic and from regions in which Lassa virus was not endemic was used for evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of the LVA immunoblot in comparison to those of an indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) assay. The sera originated from field studies conducted in the Republic of Guinea (570 serum samples) and Liberia (99 serum samples), from inpatients of the clinical department of the Bernhard-Nocht-Institute, Hamburg, Germany (94 serum samples), and from healthy German blood donors (150 serum samples). In comparison to the IIF assay the LVA immunoblot assay had a specificity of 90.0 to 99.3%, depending on the origin of the specimens. The sensitivity was found to be highest for the Guinean samples (90.7%) and was lower for the Liberian samples (75%). Acute Lassa fever was diagnosed by PCR in 12 of 59 (20.3%) patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO) from the Republic of Guinea. On admission to the hospital, nine Lassa fever patients (75%) were reactive by the IgM immunoblot assay. One of the patients was infected with a new Lassa variant, which showed 10.4% variation on the amino acid level in comparison to the prototype strain of Lassa virus, Josiah. Seven PCR-negative patients were reactive by immunoblotting. The positive and negative predictive values of a single IgM immunoblot result for acute, PCR-confirmed Lassa fever were therefore 53.6 and 93.0%, respectively. Because of its high negative predictive value, a single IgM immunoblot result will be valuable for excluding acute Lassa fever for cases of FUO in areas where Lassa fever is endemic.

scholarly journals Cytokine, Chemokine, and Metalloprotease Activation in the Serum of Patients with Nephropathia Epidemica from the Republic of Tatarstan and the Republic of Mordovia, Russia

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Martynova ◽  
Yuriy Davidyuk ◽  
Emmanuel Kabwe ◽  
Ekaterina E. Garanina ◽  
Venera Shakirova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Nephropathia Epidemica ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteases ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
Serum Cytokine ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Leukocyte Chemotaxis ◽  
The Republic

Nephropathia Epidemica (NE), endemic to several Volga regions of Russia, including the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) and the Republic of Mordovia (RM), is a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by infection with rodent-borne orthohantaviruses. Although NE cases have been reported for decades, little is known about the hantavirus strains associated with human infection in these regions. There is also limited understanding of the pathogenesis of NE in the RT and the RM. To address these knowledge gaps, we conducted comparative analyses of patients with NE in the RT and the RM. Clinical symptoms were more severe in patients with NE from the RM with longer observed duration of fever symptoms and hospitalization. Analysis of patient sera showed changes in the levels of numerous cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) in patients with NE from both the RT and the RM, suggesting leukocyte activation, extracellular matrix degradation, and leukocyte chemotaxis. Interestingly, levels of several cytokines were distinctly different between patients NE from the RT when compared with those from the RM. These differences were not related to the genetic variation of orthohantaviruses circulating in those regions, as sequence analysis showed that Puumala virus (PUUV) was the causative agent of NE in these regions. Additionally, only the “Russia” (RUS) genetic lineage of PUUV was detected in the serum samples of patients with NE from both the RT and the RM. We therefore conclude that differences in serum cytokine, chemokine, and MMP levels between the RT and the RM are related to environmental factors and lifestyle differences that influence individual immune responses to orthohantavirus infection.

scholarly journals The Republic of Guinea and Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreak

2016 ◽  
pp. 426-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansoumane Camara ◽  
Lansana Diallo ◽  
Moussa Camara ◽  
Moustapha Kouyate ◽  
Sadio Keita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
The Republic

scholarly journals The Status of Humoral Immunity to Parvovirus B19 in Population of Certain Geographical Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-241
Author(s):  
Irina N. Lavrentieva ◽  
Irina V. Khamitova ◽  
Jacob Camara ◽  
Anastasia Yu. Antipova ◽  
Maina A. Bichurina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Republic

Introduction. In a number of countries, including Russia, there is no systematic registration and reporting of parvovirus infection cases; the extent of its spread can be estimated by using humoral immunity rates.Purpose of the study: Assessment of seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 (B19V) in different age groups of population of Russia, Central Asia, and West Africa.Materials and methods. A total of 1,732 blood serum samples from residents of St. Petersburg and Nur-Sultan, migrant workers from Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, residents of the Republic of Guinea were studied for IgG antibodies to B19V.Results. The highest seroprevalence rates were identified in St. Petersburg and Nur-Sultan (62–65%); the lowest rates were registered among migrant workers from Uzbekistan and Tajikistan (47%). The results for the Republic of Guinea showed a B19V seroprevalence rate of 53%. It was found that there is an increasing trend of seropositivity with age; the percentage of seropositive individuals clearly increases in older age groups: up to 55% — among migrant workers from Central Asia and residents of the Republic of Guinea; up to 80–85% — among residents of St. Petersburg and Nur-Sultan.Discussion. The obtained results confirm the worldwide occurrence of parvovirus infection. People susceptible to infection can cause infection spreading in high-risk groups — among pregnant women, immunodeficient patients, blood product recipients, and cancer patients.

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