scholarly journals The Status of Humoral Immunity to Parvovirus B19 in Population of Certain Geographical Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-241
Author(s):  
Irina N. Lavrentieva ◽  
Irina V. Khamitova ◽  
Jacob Camara ◽  
Anastasia Yu. Antipova ◽  
Maina A. Bichurina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Republic

Introduction. In a number of countries, including Russia, there is no systematic registration and reporting of parvovirus infection cases; the extent of its spread can be estimated by using humoral immunity rates.Purpose of the study: Assessment of seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 (B19V) in different age groups of population of Russia, Central Asia, and West Africa.Materials and methods. A total of 1,732 blood serum samples from residents of St. Petersburg and Nur-Sultan, migrant workers from Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, residents of the Republic of Guinea were studied for IgG antibodies to B19V.Results. The highest seroprevalence rates were identified in St. Petersburg and Nur-Sultan (62–65%); the lowest rates were registered among migrant workers from Uzbekistan and Tajikistan (47%). The results for the Republic of Guinea showed a B19V seroprevalence rate of 53%. It was found that there is an increasing trend of seropositivity with age; the percentage of seropositive individuals clearly increases in older age groups: up to 55% — among migrant workers from Central Asia and residents of the Republic of Guinea; up to 80–85% — among residents of St. Petersburg and Nur-Sultan.Discussion. The obtained results confirm the worldwide occurrence of parvovirus infection. People susceptible to infection can cause infection spreading in high-risk groups — among pregnant women, immunodeficient patients, blood product recipients, and cancer patients.

scholarly journals Detection of measles cases in the Republic of Guinea in 2017–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-574
Author(s):  
I. N. Lavrentieva ◽  
M. A. Bichurina ◽  
A. Y. Antipova ◽  
J. Camara ◽  
N.F. Magassouba
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Level ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
The Republic

In 2017, WHO reported 596 confirmed measles cases in Guinea Republic connected to the 2016–2017 epidemic outbreak that was stopped after additional immunization (SIA) against measles in two provinces of the country. Improving the effectiveness of SIA is associated with the identification of epidemiologically significant groups of the population. The aim of the study was to analyze 2017–2018 measles cases and assess population immunity to measles virus in the Republic of Guinea. Materials and methods. A total of 810 blood serum samples collected from patients with maculo-papular rash and clinical diagnosis “measles?” were tested for measles virus-specific IgM-and IgG antibody level. 445 sera of conditionally healthy individuals aged 7 months to 67 years were examined for anti-measles virus IgG antibody level. Immunoglobulins of classes M and G were detected by ELISA with test systems «Anti-Measles Virus ELISA (IgM)» (Euro immun, Germany) and «Anti-Measles Virus ELISA (IgG)» (Euroimmun, Germany). Results and discussion.In 2017–2018, the epidemic process of the measles in the Republic of Guinea proceeded very intensively, being markedly prevalent in children among age groups. In 2018, more than half of the cases (61.6%) were identified in children aged 1 to 5 years old; the second most abundant age group was children under one year (18.6%), probably due to violated measles vaccination, which in GR are subject to children of nine months of age. It was found that 16.4% of patients (60 out of 366) had documented data on measles vaccination. Potentially, high proportion of measles cases among pre-vaccinated subjects was due to insufficient immune response to a single immunization in children of 9 months of age. Moreover, lowered vaccine-related properties might also be violated “cold chain” during vaccine transportation occurring in tropical climate. Analyzing 445 subjects revealed that total number of measles virus seronegative subjects was 8.3%. However, the vast majority of them were children and young adults aged 7 months to 22 years, where 52.4% of seronegative subjects were identified. Thus, the data obtained indicate that intensive measles virus circulation in human population was continued that necessitate interventions for improving epidemiological surveillance, extend routine measles vaccination coverage and conduct SIAs against measles in GR.

scholarly journals 2019–2020 measles in the Republic of Guinea: epidemic features and herd immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1179-1184
Author(s):  
I. N. Lavrentieva ◽  
M. A. Bichurina ◽  
A. Yu. Antipova ◽  
J. Camara ◽  
N’F. Magassouba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Republic

 Introduction. In connection with the Ebola epidemic in the West African countries, including the Republic of Guinea, a failure in implementing measles immunization program was noted. A proportion of measles seronegative subjects in 2017 was 52.4% of total examined individuals. In 2018, a high proportion of measles cases among children aged 1–5 years (61.6%) was identified. In order to stop the 2018 outbreak, the Supplemental Immunization Campaign was conducted in the Konakri and Nzerekore prefectures in the Republic of Guinea. The aim of this study was to examine the 2019–2020 measles epidemic situation and assess the measles population immunity in the Republic of Guinea. Materials and methods. Measles-specific antibodies were examined in 1697 blood serum samples collected from residents of different regions of the Republic of Guinea, aged from 7 months to 76 years, obtained in 2019–2020, and tested retrospectively. The ELISA test systems Anti-Measles Virus ELISA (IgM) Euroimmun and Anti-Measles Virus ELISA (IgG) Euroimmun (Germany) were used. The presence of serum IgM measles antibodies was considered as acute measles infection. Statistical analysis was performed using the software package Statistica 6.0. Results. Blood sera (n = 638) were tested for IgM-measles, and in 46.6% of cases the diagnosis was confirmed by laboratory tests. The biggest proportion of the total cases (61.6%) was found in children aged 1–4 years. The second most important age group was 5–9 years of age, the third is children under 1 year: 18.5% and 11.8% of the total number of patients, respectively. Measles infection was registered in vaccinated patients in 7.4% of the total number of laboratory-confirmed cases. 1059 subjects were examined for IgG measles antibody. The lowest seroprevalence rate was found among children under 4 years of age (47.8%). The highest (85.5%) was found among subjects of 40 years old and older. Conclusion. Measles in GR remains a poorly controlled infection. As in the previous years of observation (2017–2018), children under 5 years of age are the most vulnerable cohort of the population, despite the 2018 DI campaign conducted in a number of GR territories. More problems with the measles control in the Republic of Guinea are expected in the period from 2021, as along with the COVID-19 epidemic, Ebola is repeatedly registered in the country. The Republic of Guinea particularly requires assistance from the international community to implement the WHO measles elimination program on a global scale.

scholarly journals Study of the prevalence of antibodies to some arboviruses in the population of the Republic of Guinea

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 346-353
Author(s):  
E. V. Naidenova ◽  
M. Yu. Kartashov ◽  
K. S. Zakharov ◽  
A. P. Shevtsova ◽  
M. G. Diallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
African Region ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Disease Patterns ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Total Structure ◽  
Batai Virus

Introduction. Acute febrile diseases kill more than 250,000 people annually in West Africa. Malaria and typhoid fever traditionally occupy most of the total structure of registered fevers. However, these data do not fully reflect the true overall disease patterns in the West African region. This is due to the fact that diagnosis is mainly based on the clinical signs of the infectious process, suggesting that a certain number of diseases may be caused by arboviruses. The detection of specific antibodies (ABs) to infectious pathogens in the blood sera of residents of a particular area is a reliable indicator of the circulation of these pathogens in a particular territory.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies to a number of arboviruses: Dengue (DENV), West Nile (WNV) (family Flaviviridae), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (orthonairo)virus (CCHFV), Batai (Batai virus), Bhanja (BHAV) (order Bunyavirales), Chikungunya (CHIKV), and Sindbis (SINV) (family Togaviridae) in the population of the Republic of Guinea.Material and methods. In total, a panel of 2,620 blood serum samples from people living in all landscape and geographical areas of Guinea was collected for the study. Detection of IgG antibodies was performed using an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA).Results. In total, ABs to Batai virus were detected in 144 samples (5.5%), BHAV in 58 (2.2%), WNV in 892 (34.0 %), DENV in 659 (25.2 %), CCHFV in 58 (2.2 %), CHIKV in 339 (12.9 %), and SINV in 52 samples (2.0 %).Discussion. The obtained results indicate serological evidence of the spectrum of arboviruses in the population of all landscape and geographical zones of the Republic of Guinea, confirming their active circulation in this territory.Conclusion. Given the high epidemiological significance of arbovirus infectious diseases, it is an urgent task to continue studying its share in the structure of febrile diseases in the territory of the Republic of Guinea.

scholarly journals Screening studies in the diagnosis of chronic carrier of the causative agent of the typhoid fever among residents of different countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
L A Kaftyreva ◽  
A A Porin ◽  
N N Ryzhman ◽  
E N Kolosovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Chronic Carriage ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Vi Antigen

The results of screening studies of chronic carriage of the causative agent of typhoid fever (S. Typhi) among residents of various countries are presented. We studied 810 blood serums, including: 462 from citizens of the Republic of Guinea, 244 from labor migrants who arrived in the Russian Federation from Central Asia, and 104 from residents of St. Petersburg. Antibodies to S. Typhi Vi antigen were determined in the passive hemagglutination reaction as a marker of possible chronic carriage of bacteria. When screening studies of sera of citizens of the Republic of Guinea in 21 (4,5%) cases, a positive result was obtained. The level of antibodies to Vi- antigen above diagnostic was found in 6 (1,3%) sera. In 5 samples, the level of antibodies was 1:80, in one - 1: 160. Positive results in a screening study of the sera of labor migrants were obtained in 24 people. A confirmatory test revealed antibodies to the Vi antigen in the diagnostic titer in 9 sera. Positive results were obtained from 2 (3,64%) citizens of Tajikistan and 7 (4,09%) citizens of Uzbekistan. Antibodies to the S. Typhi Vi antigen were not found in residents of St. Petersburg (citizens of the Russian Federation). A comparable level of possible chronic carriage of typhoid fever was revealed for residents of epidemiologically unfavorable territories (Africa) and labor migrants coming to our country from Central Asia. The chances of the emergence of sources of infection in our country are increasing due to the increase in international contacts, which requires additional preventive measures.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of IgG against conformational and linear capsid antigens of parvovirus B19 in Italian blood donors

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. MANARESI ◽  
G. GALLINELLA ◽  
A. M. MORSELLI LABATE ◽  
P. ZUCCHELLI ◽  
D. ZACCARELLI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Capsid Proteins ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Linear Epitopes

Serum samples from 446 Italian blood donors between 18 and 65 years of age were analysed for the presence of IgG against parvovirus B19 capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 including conformational and linear epitopes. The overall prevalence of IgG against parvovirus B19 capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 against at least one antigen type was 79·1%. No significant difference was found between men and women. In the 18–27 years age group, 77·0% of the population had experienced infection with the virus, reaching 88·5% in the 48–57 years age group. The overall prevalence of IgG was 78·0% against conformational VP1+VP2 antigens, 74·9% against conformational VP2, 70·9% against linear VP1 and 23·3% against linear VP2 in the analysis of the IgG response against different conformational and linear epitopes of VP1 and VP2. Although IgG against conformational VP1+VP2, conformational VP2 and linear VP1 was present in more than 60% of subjects in all age groups, IgG against VP2 linear antigens was present in only 32% of subjects in the 18–27 years age group and then decreased to 20·5% in the 28–37 years age group. A different trend was noted when IgG positivity against linear and conformational epitopes was analysed separately in men and women. A significant increase was found in seroprevalence of IgG against VP2 conformational antigens with increasing age in males and a significant decrease in seroprevalence of IgG against VP2 linear antigens in women with increasing age.

scholarly journals Detection of Lassa Virus Antinucleoprotein Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM Antibodies by a Simple Recombinant Immunoblot Assay for Field Use

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 3143-3148 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ter Meulen ◽  
K. Koulemou ◽  
T. Wittekindt ◽  
K. Windisch ◽  
S. Strigl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid Level ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Lassa Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Immunoblot Assay ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
The Republic

The nucleoprotein of Lassa virus, strain Josiah, was expressed inEscherichia coli as an N-terminally truncated, histidine-tagged recombinant protein. Following affinity purification the protein was completely denatured and spotted onto nitrocellulose membrane. A total of 1 μg of protein was applied for detection of Lassa virus antibodies (LVA) in a simple immunoblot assay. Specific anti-Lassa immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies could be detected by increasing the amount of protein to 5 μg. A panel of 913 serum specimens from regions in which Lassa virus was endemic and from regions in which Lassa virus was not endemic was used for evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of the LVA immunoblot in comparison to those of an indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) assay. The sera originated from field studies conducted in the Republic of Guinea (570 serum samples) and Liberia (99 serum samples), from inpatients of the clinical department of the Bernhard-Nocht-Institute, Hamburg, Germany (94 serum samples), and from healthy German blood donors (150 serum samples). In comparison to the IIF assay the LVA immunoblot assay had a specificity of 90.0 to 99.3%, depending on the origin of the specimens. The sensitivity was found to be highest for the Guinean samples (90.7%) and was lower for the Liberian samples (75%). Acute Lassa fever was diagnosed by PCR in 12 of 59 (20.3%) patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO) from the Republic of Guinea. On admission to the hospital, nine Lassa fever patients (75%) were reactive by the IgM immunoblot assay. One of the patients was infected with a new Lassa variant, which showed 10.4% variation on the amino acid level in comparison to the prototype strain of Lassa virus, Josiah. Seven PCR-negative patients were reactive by immunoblotting. The positive and negative predictive values of a single IgM immunoblot result for acute, PCR-confirmed Lassa fever were therefore 53.6 and 93.0%, respectively. Because of its high negative predictive value, a single IgM immunoblot result will be valuable for excluding acute Lassa fever for cases of FUO in areas where Lassa fever is endemic.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF COINFECTION OF PV B19 ON THE COURSE AND PROGNOSIS OF MALARIA CAUSED BY PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-387
Author(s):  
I. N. Lavrentyeva ◽  
I. V. Khamitova ◽  
A. V. Slita ◽  
A. E. Levkovski ◽  
A. A. Diallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Children Under 5

Parvovirus infection (PVI) is widespread in the world; more than 80% of the adult population have antibodies of IgG class to parvovirus B19. Malaria is a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by the protozoa of the genus Plasmodium, that is widespread in the countries of Africa, Southeast Asia, Oceania. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of parvovirus B19 infection on the clinical course of malaria and the outcome of the underlying disease. During the period 2016–2018 blood plasma samples of 316 patients from the hospital of the Friya Prefecture of the Republic of Guinea (GR) with confirmed diagnosis of malaria were examined for the presence of PVB19 DNA. The clinical course of malaria in 316 examined patients was divided into group of either mild or complicated. In total, PVB19 DNA was detected in blood plasma in 55 of 316 patients (17.41±2.13%). But in the group with co-infection of PVB19 and P. falciparum complications were observed in 40 of 55 (72.73±2.75%) patients, and in 6 of 55 cases (10.91±4.40%) the disease resulted in death. In the group of patients with malaria without PVI, complications occurred in 99 of 261 patients (37.9±3.0%); of those 2 (0.77±0.54%) died. It was found that the most numerous group in the structure of malaria patients is represented by children under 5 (median 3) years (89, or 28.25±2.53%). Our results correlate with the data of other researchers who studied the PVI-associated malaria in children in malaria-endemic regions: among children under 5 years, the absolute majority of cases of PVI was accompanied by a complicated course of malaria. The primary parvovirus infection can aggravate the course of malaria, especially when combined with other unfavorable conditions (iron deficiency, malnutrition, helminthic infections, co-infections, etc.). Thus, infection with PVB19 becomes a critical factor, which can provoke a severe life-threatening anemia, and also cause other complications.

Unemployment as an indicator of economic security in the employment sector: A regional dimension

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-729
Author(s):  
T.N. Savina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
National Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Band Theory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Subject. To achieve a high level of economic security is a key priority of national development. Employment reveals one of the most important aspects of social development of the individual that is associated with his or her needs satisfaction in the sphere of employment and is boon to economic security. Objectives. The purpose of the study is to show the impact of unemployment on economic security in employment. Methods. I apply such scientific methods as dialectical, historical and logical unity, structural and functional analysis, traditional techniques of economic analysis and synthesis. The methods of multivariate statistical and comparative analysis serve as a methodological basis of the study. To determine the indicator of unemployment, I use the band theory. Results. I underpin the growing role of employment in ensuring economic security. The paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the unemployment status and a comparative analysis of the indicator in the Republic of Mordovia, the Volga Federal District, and the Russian Federation as a whole. I identify trends in the average duration of unemployment, show the distribution of unemployed by level of education and age groups. Conclusions. The average annual unemployment rate in the Republic of Mordovia is lower than in Russia and the Volga Federal District. The findings may be useful for public authorities to substantiate their employment policy at both macro- and meso-levels, for designing programs and strategies for socio-economic development of regions and the social security doctrine, as well as in practical activities of employment services.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document