Investigation of Prevention, Protection and Treatment of Ritonavir Effectiveness on Coronavirus Disease–2019 (COVID–19) Infection Using Fourier Transform Raman (FT–Raman) Biospectroscopy

Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy (FT-Raman) is investigated as a simple and rapid method for the determination of the abused drug methamphetamine and its related compounds. Compounds can be reliably identified by using measurements made nondestructively and without the need for any sample preparation in around 1 min. The Raman spectrum of methamphetamine hydrochloride (MA) shows clear differences in spectra from a range of its related compounds such as amphetamine sulfate and ephedrine hydrochloride. These differences are adequate for spectral differentiation of the compounds. With the use of the FT-Raman technique, MA is also reliably identifiable to a detection limit of 1% (w/w) diluted in sodium chloride or water. FT-Raman spectra of MA were recorded through plastic packaging (polyethylene or polypropylene bags) typical of that used either by criminals for transportation or by law enforcement for containing and sealing evidence. Measurements could be made directly without removing the drug from the bag; excellent-quality spectra could be obtained with very little perturbation by the plastic bag.

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Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy of Long-Chain Molecules Containing Strongly Absorbing Chromophores

Applied Spectroscopy ◽

10.1366/0003702874448094 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 721-726 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

C. G. Zimba ◽

V. M. Hallmark ◽

J. D. Swalen ◽

J. F. Rabolt

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Fourier Transform ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Visible Region ◽

Excitation Spectra ◽

Chain Molecules ◽

Scattering Geometry ◽

Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Fourier Transform Raman ◽

Ft Raman

Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy shows considerable promise as a new characterization technique for molecules which contain chromophores which absorb in the visible region, the region where conventional Raman measurements are made. With the use of near-infrared excitation, spectra in the absence of fluorescence and resonance enhancement are obtained. These advantages can be further enhanced if the collection of data using this technique becomes routine, requiring a level of complexity comparable to that of conventional Raman scattering. Toward that end, the implementation of a 90° scattering geometry in our FT-Raman measurements was undertaken, and the results are shown to be at least comparable to those obtained with the use of reflective optics in a 180° geometry. A number of results on both liquids and solids have also been obtained in order to compare FT-Raman with conventional scanning Raman measurements.

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Synthesis and Properties of Conducting Polyaniline by Co-Doping with Sulfosalicylic Acid and Sulfate Acid

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.481 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 663-665 ◽

pp. 481-485 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hui Huang ◽

Zhong Cheng Guo ◽

Ju Kang Li

Keyword(s):

Fourier Transform ◽

Oxidative Polymerization ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Chemical Oxidative Polymerization ◽

Sulfosalicylic Acid ◽

X Ray ◽

Co Doping ◽

Doped Polyaniline ◽

Fourier Transform Raman ◽

Ft Raman

A chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline sulfosalicylic acid (ANISSA) and aniline sulfate acid (ANIH2SO4) was performed in an aqueous solution. A co-doped polyaniline (PANI) was thus obtained, a higher conductivity than the insoluble H2SO4-doped PANI compressed pellet, and much higher conductivity than that prepared from pure ANISSA. The PANI doped with SSA and H2SO4 was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR), Fourier-transform Raman spectra (FT-Raman), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The investigation reveals that SSA and H2SO4 as dopant not only enhances crystallinity of polyaniline but also stability of polyaniline.

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Determination of the Resolution of a Multichannel Raman Spectrometer Using Fourier Transform Raman Spectra

Applied Spectroscopy ◽

10.1366/000370203321535114 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 190-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Bryan T. Bowie ◽

Peter R. Griffiths

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Fourier Transform ◽

Raman Spectra ◽

Shape Function ◽

Raman Spectrometer ◽

Fourier Transform Raman ◽

Nominal Resolution ◽

Line Shape Function ◽

Ft Raman

The resolution of a grating polychromator for Raman spectroscopy has been simulated by measuring spectra on a Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectrometer and selecting the FT of the apodization function so that the instrument line shape function mimics the triangular spectral slit function of the polychromator. To this end, FT-Raman spectra measured with a nominal resolution of 0.5 cm−1 were modified through the application of sinc2 apodization functions of various widths to simulate spectra measured on a polychromator at lower resolution. The success of this approach was validated using the 1085 cm−1 band of calcite. When the modified FT-Raman spectra were compared with spectra measured on a grating polychromator equipped with slits of widths 100 and 150 μm, the resolution of the polychromator was estimated to be 6.3 and 7.8 cm−1, respectively. This conclusion was verified experimentally by measuring the separation of two bands in the Raman spectrum of BaSO4 at ∼460 cm−1

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Investigation of Normal and Malignant Tissue Samples from the Human Stomach Using Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy

Applied Spectroscopy ◽

10.1366/0003702021955330 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 570-573 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

X.-F. Ling ◽

Y.-Z. Xu ◽

S.-F. Weng ◽

W. H. Li ◽

Xu Zhi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Fourier Transform ◽

Normal Tissue ◽

Human Stomach ◽

Malignant Tissue ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Spectroscopic Identification ◽

Fourier Transform Raman ◽

Ft Raman

Fourier transform (FT) Raman studies of 40 tissue samples from the human stomach, including 22 normal and 18 malignant tissue samples, were performed. These stomach tissue samples had been classified as normal or malignant on the basis of pathological studies and biopsy detection. The results indicate that a series of major bands in the FT-Raman spectrum can be used to distinguish the malignant tissue from the normal tissue. Subtraction spectra support the result of the spectroscopic identification. Statistical analysis is also in agreement with the FT-Raman measurements.

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FT-Raman Spectroscopy at 1.339 Micrometers

Applied Spectroscopy ◽

10.1366/000370294774369009 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 699-701 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Kelly J. Asselin ◽

Bruce Chase

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Fourier Transform ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Copper Phthalocyanine ◽

Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Ft Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Anti Stokes ◽

Fourier Transform Raman ◽

Ft Raman

The usual laser employed for Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy is a Nd:YAG unit lasing at 1.064 μm. In this work, use of the 1.339-μm lasing emission from Nd:YAG has been demonstrated. The sensitivity of this instrument is comparable to that of conventional FT-Raman instruments, and excellent anti-Stokes spectra can be easily obtained. Operation further into the near-infrared offers additional possibilities for fluorescence minimization. Results are shown for copper phthalocyanine.

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The structure of the kaolinite minerals — a FT-Raman study

Clay Minerals ◽

10.1180/claymin.1997.032.1.08 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 65-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

R. L. Frost

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Fourier Transform ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Kaolinite Clay ◽

Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Ft Raman Spectroscopy ◽

The Fourier Transform ◽

Fourier Transform Raman ◽

Ft Raman

AbstractThe Fourier transform Raman spectra of the kaolinite minerals have been measured in the 50–3800 cm−1 region using near infrared spectroscopy. Kaolinites are characterized by remarkably intense bands in the 120–145 cm−1 region. These bands, attributed to the O-Si-O and O-Al-O symmetric bending modes, are both polymorph and orientation dependent. The 200–1200 cm−1 spectral range is a finger-print region for clay minerals and each kaolinite clay has its own characteristic spectrum. The structure of clays is fundamentally determined by the position of hydroxyl groups. Fourier-transform Raman spectroscopy readily enables the hydroxyl stretching region to be examined allowing identification of the component bands. The advantages of FT-Raman spectroscopy are shown to enhance the study of the kaolinite structure.

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Asynchronous Pulsed-Laser-Excited Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy and its Applications

Applied Spectroscopy ◽

10.1366/0003702934067504 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 47 (9) ◽

pp. 1457-1461 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Akira Sakamoto ◽

Yukio Furukawa ◽

Mitsuo Tasumi ◽

Koji Masutani

Keyword(s):

Fourier Transform ◽

Pulsed Laser ◽

Probe Laser ◽

Time Resolved ◽

Pass Filter ◽

Pulsed Excitation ◽

Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Gate Circuit ◽

Fourier Transform Raman ◽

Ft Raman

An asynchronous pulsed-laser-excited Fourier transform Raman spectrophotometer based on a conventional continuous-scan interferometer has been developed. The additional assembly required for pulsed-laser-excited measurements, which consists of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser, a gate circuit, and a low-pass filter, can be attached to any conventional FT-Raman spectrophotometer. The principle of the signal-processing of this method is almost the same as that of the asynchronous time-resolved Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reported previously. This method does not require the synchronization between the Raman excitation and the sampling of the A/D converter. As an application of this method, it is demonstrated that the use of a pulsed laser and a gate circuit can give a significant increase in signal-to-noise ratios over continuous-wave measurements with the same average laser power. It is also shown that when a constant background (for example, thermal radiation from samples at high temperatures) or a long-lived background is present, the use of pulsed excitation and a gate circuit can effectively reduce the background. Moreover, pulsed excitation can be used for recording time-resolved Raman spectra by using an FT-Raman spectrophotometer. The time resolution is governed only by the width of the probe laser pulse. The potentiality of this method is demonstrated.

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SPECTROSCOPIC AND THERMAL STUDIES OF GEL-GROWN COPPER MALONATE CRYSTALS

Modern Physics Letters B ◽

10.1142/s0217984910023177 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (11) ◽

pp. 1135-1143 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

VARGHESE MATHEW ◽

JOCHAN JOSEPH ◽

SABU JACOB ◽

LIZYMOL XAVIER ◽

K. E. ABRAHAM

Keyword(s):

Thermal Decomposition ◽

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Fourier Transform ◽

Thermal Studies ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Fourier Transform Raman ◽

Derivative Thermogravimetry ◽

Ft Raman

Copper malonate crystals were grown using silica gel as the growth medium. The grown crystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy (FT Raman). The thermal decomposition of the compound was investigated using thermogravimetry (TG) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) measurements.

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