scholarly journals An infant with severe Pertussis: Case Report and literature review

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignatius Adi Poerwanto
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Severe Complication ◽  
White Blood Count ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Low Coverage

Background : Pertussis is an acute bacterial infection of the respiratory tract caused by Bordetella pertussis. Without immunization and adequate therapy, the disease will evolve to severe complication. The purpose of the case report was to describe the diagnosis and treatment of severe pertussis from a Papuan infant in remote mountainous area of Papua. Case report : A 5 months old male Papuan infant, lived in the mountainous area of Papua was admitted to the hospital after 1 week of cough. No history of DPT immunization. Physical examination revealed continuous coughing, sunken fontanel, sunken eyes, nasal flaring, chest retraction, and bilateral crackles. Laboratory examination showed white blood count was 87,600/µL, CRP 48 mg/dL, ASTO negative. He deteriorated and referred to ICU for Mechanical Ventilation. His bronchoalveolar lavage taken at day 10 confirmed Pseudomonas from the culture and Bordetella pertussis by the PCR. Discussion : Children lived in the Honai without enough ventilation at the area of low coverage of immunization are susceptible to pneumonia. This infant was treated with Erythromicin and Ceftriaxon on admission with the idea that they will cover broad spectrum of antibacterial, atypical pneumonia or Pertussis infection. The Sputum culture from bronchoalveolar lavage showed Pseudomonas resistant to Amoxillin and Erythromicin, but sensitive to Amikacin. This finding explains why there was no clinical improvement after 2 weeks of Erythromicin. After changing to Amikacin, the clinical condition improved in 7 days. Conclusions : On the area with low immunization coverage, the pediatrician should consider Pertussis as one of the possible etiology of pneumonia, and start treating early to get the better result and avoid severe complication. It recommeded that all countries should consider expanding vaccination strategies to include adding Pertussis booster doses to pre-school children (4-6 years old), to adolescent and to those specific adults that have the highest risk of transmitting Bordetella pertussis infection to vulnerable infants.

scholarly journals Role of Adenylate Cyclase-Hemolysin in Alveolar Macrophage Apoptosis during Bordetella pertussis Infection In Vivo

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1718-1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Gueirard ◽  
Anne Druilhe ◽  
Marina Pretolani ◽  
Nicole Guiso
Keyword(s):  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Apoptotic Cells ◽  
Neutrophil Accumulation ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Intranasal Infection

ABSTRACT Bordetella pertussis induces in vitro apoptosis of murine alveolar macrophages by a mechanism that is dependent on expression of bacterial adenylate cyclase-hemolysin. Using a murine respiratory model, we found in this study that intranasal infection with a parental B. pertussis strain, but not with an isogenic variant deficient in the expression of all toxins and adhesins, induced a marked neutrophil accumulation in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and an early decrease in macrophage numbers. These phenomena paralleled a time-dependent rise in the proportion of apoptotic nuclei, as detected by flow cytometry, and of macrophages which had engulfed apoptotic bodies. Apoptotic death of bronchopulmonary cells was observed exclusively following intranasal infection with bacteria reisolated from lungs of infected animals and not with B. pertussis collected after in vitro subculture. Using the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling technique coupled to fluorescence microscopy and morphological analysis, we established that the apoptotic cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were neutrophils and macrophages. Histological analysis of the lung tissues from B. pertussis-infected mice showed increased numbers of apoptotic cells in the alveolar compartments. Cellular accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and apoptosis of alveolar macrophages were significantly attenuated in mice infected with a mutant deficient in the expression of adenylate cyclase-hemolysin, indicating a role of this enzyme in these processes.

scholarly journals The seroepidemiology of Bordetella pertussis infection in Western Europe

2004 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. PEBODY ◽  
N. J. GAY ◽  
A. GIAMMANCO ◽  
S. BARON ◽  
J. SCHELLEKENS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
High Titre ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Low Coverage ◽  
The Impact

High titres of pertussis toxin (PT) antibody have been shown to be predictive of recent infection with Bordetella pertussis. The seroprevalence of standardized anti-PT antibody was determined in six Western European countries between 1994 and 1998 and related to historical surveillance and vaccine programme data. Standardized anti-PT titres were calculated for a series of whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccine trials. For the serological surveys, high-titre sera (>125 units/ml) were distributed throughout all age groups in both high- (>90%) and low-coverage (<90%) countries. High-titre sera were more likely in infants in countries using high-titre-producing vaccines in their primary programme (Italy, 11·5%; Western Germany, 13·3%; France, 4·3%; Eastern Germany, 4·0%) compared to other countries (The Netherlands, 0·5%; Finland, 0%). Recent infection was significantly more likely in adolescents (10–19 years old) and adults in high-coverage countries (Finland, The Netherlands, France, East Germany), whereas infection was more likely in children (3–9 years old) than adolescents in low-coverage (<90%; Italy, West Germany, United Kingdom) countries. The impact and role of programmatic changes introduced after these surveys aimed at protecting infants from severe disease by accelerating the primary schedule or vaccinating older children and adolescents with booster doses can be evaluated with this approach.

scholarly journals 167. A Bordetella pertussis Human Challenge Model Induces Immunizing Colonization in the Absence of Symptoms

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S17-S17
Author(s):  
Hans De Graaf ◽  
Muktar Ibrahim ◽  
Alison Hill ◽  
Diane Gbesemete ◽  
Andrew Gorringe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Colonization Rate ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Nasal Wash ◽  
Pertussis Infection

Abstract Background Bordetella pertussis is one of the leading causes of vaccine preventable death and morbidity globally. Over the last 20 years, pertussis has resurged worldwide, even in territories with high immunization coverage. To improve vaccine strategies, a greater understanding of human B. pertussis infection and immunity is required. This study aims to develop a safe controlled human B. pertussis infection model and to define natural immune responses against wild-type B. pertussis in order to facilitate the development of bioassays and next-generation pertussis vaccines. Methods In this first-in-human controlled infection model, healthy volunteers aged 18–45 years with an anti-pertussis toxin (PT) IgG level of &lt;20 IU/mL were inoculated intranasally with B. pertussis strain B1917. Safety, colonization, and shedding were monitored over a 17-day inpatient period. Colonization was assessed by culture and qPCR of nasal washes and nasopharyngeal swabs. Azithromycin eradication therapy was commenced on day 14. The dose of inoculum was escalated to optimize colonization rate, expressed as the percentage of volunteers colonized at any sampling point between day 3 and 14. The immunological response is being assessed at various time points over 1 year. Results 24 volunteers were challenged in groups of 4–5. The dose was gradually escalated from 103 colony forming units (cfu) to 105 cfu. Colonization rate ranged from 0% (dose 103 cfu) to 80% (105 cfu). Amongst this initial cohort, no significant safety concerns or symptoms attributed to B. pertussis disease were reported. Eradication was achieved by 48 hours in 100% of colonized volunteers. At least 4-fold rise in anti-PT IgG by day 28 in comparison to baseline was observed in 5 out of 8 volunteers who had &gt;1,000 cfu/mL viable B. pertussis in the nasal wash and in one volunteer without detectable colonization. Nasal wash cultures were more sensitive in detecting colonization than nasopharyngeal swab cultures. No shedding of B. pertussis was detected in systematically collected environmental samples. Conclusion This is the first study to demonstrate safe deliberate induction of B. pertussis colonization. It shows that asymptomatic B. pertussis colonization occurs and causes a systemic immune response. The model that we have developed will be a valuable tool to further investigate B. pertussis colonization and vaccine development. Disclosures K. Kester, Sanofi: Employee, Salary. S. Faust, Pfizer, Merck, Sanofi, AstraZeneca/Medimmune: Scientific Advisor, all honoraria paid to institution with no personal payments of any kind.

Respiratory Pathogens Identified in Patients with a Clinically Suspected Bordetella Pertussis Infection

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassib Narchi ◽  
Afaf Alblooshi ◽  
Korstiaan Pater ◽  
Junu Vazhappully George ◽  
Nael Sahhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Pertussis Infection

scholarly journals Carotid Artery Dissection as a Possible Severe Complication of Pertussis in an Adult: Clinical Case Report and Review

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. e1-e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta M. Skowronski ◽  
Jane A. Buxton ◽  
Morris Hestrin ◽  
Robert D. Keyes ◽  
Kevin Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Carotid Artery Dissection ◽  
Severe Complication ◽  
Artery Dissection

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) contributes to Bordetella pertussis inflammatory pathology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danisha Gallop ◽  
Karen Scanlon ◽  
Jeremy Ardanuy ◽  
Alexander B. Sigalov ◽  
Nicholas H. Carbonetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Cell Surface Receptor ◽  
Bacterial Burden ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Bacterial Control

Whooping cough (pertussis) is a severe pulmonary infectious disease caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis . Pertussis infects an estimated 24 million people annually, resulting in >150,000 deaths. The NIH placed pertussis on the list of emerging pathogens in 2015. Antibiotics are ineffective unless administered before the onset of the disease characteristic cough. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel pertussis therapeutics. We have shown that sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) agonists reduce pertussis inflammation, without increasing bacterial burden. Transcriptomic studies were performed to identify this mechanism and allow for the development of pertussis therapeutics which specifically target problematic inflammation without sacrificing bacterial control. These data suggested a role for triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1). TREM-1 cell surface receptor functions as an amplifier of inflammatory responses. Expression of TREM-1 is increased in response to bacterial infection of mucosal surfaces. In mice, B. pertussis infection results in TLR9-dependent increased expression of TREM-1 and its associated cytokines. Interestingly, S1PR agonists dampen pulmonary inflammation and TREM-1 expression. Mice challenged intranasally with B. pertussis and treated with ligand-dependent (LP17) and ligand-independent (GF9) TREM-1 inhibitors showed no differences in bacterial burden and significantly reduced TNF-α and CCL-2 expression compared to controls. Mice receiving TREM-1 inhibitors showed reduced pulmonary inflammation compared to controls indicating that TREM-1 promotes inflammatory pathology, but not bacterial control, during pertussis infection. This implicates TREM-1 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of pertussis.

scholarly journals Bordetella pertussis, an agent not to forget: a case report

Cases Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Melo ◽  
Ana Catarina Dias ◽  
Lara Isidoro ◽  
Raquel Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis
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