scholarly journals Cost-benefit analysis of VKA versus NOAC treatment in German patients with atrial fibrillation utilizing patient self-testing

10.36469/9774 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-159
Author(s):  
Roland Diel ◽  
Niklas Lampenius
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Index Hospitalization ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Near Term ◽  
New Treatments

Objectives: This study quantified the burden of hypoxic respiratory failure (HRF)/persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn (PPHN) in preterm and term/near-term infants (T/NTs) by examining health care resource utilization (HRU) and charges in the United States. Methods: Preterms and T/NTs (≤34 and >34 weeks of gestation, respectively) having HRF/PPHN, with/without meconium aspiration in inpatient setting from January 1, 2011-October 31, 2015 were identified from the Vizient database (first hospitalization=index hospitalization). Comorbidities, treatments, HRU, and charges during index hospitalization were evaluated among preterms and T/NTs with HRF/PPHN. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate mortality-related factors. Results: This retrospective study included 504 preterms and 414 T/NTs with HRF/PPHN. Preterms were more likely to have respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal jaundice, and anemia of prematurity than T/NTs. Preterms had significantly longer inpatient stays (54.1 vs 29.0 days), time in a neonatal intensive care unit (34.1 vs 17.5 days), time on ventilation (4.7 vs 2.2 days), and higher total hospitalization charges ($613,350 vs $422,558) (all P<0.001). Similar rates were observed for use of antibiotics (96.2% vs 95.4%), sildenafil (9.5% vs 8.2%), or inhaled nitric oxide (93.8% vs 94.2%). Preterms had a significantly higher likelihood of mortality than T/NTs (odds ratio: 3.6, 95% confidence interval: 2.3-5.0). Conclusions: The findings of more severe comorbidities, higher HRU, hospitalization charges, and mortality in preterms than in T/NTs underscore the significant clinical and economic burden of HRF/PPHN among infants. The results show significant unmet medical need; further research is warranted to determine new treatments and real-world evidence for improved patient outcomes.

scholarly journals The Burden of Hypoxic Respiratory Failure in Preterm and Term/Near-term Infants in the United States 2011-2015

10.36469/9682 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-141
Author(s):  
Shivani Pandya ◽  
Onur Baser ◽  
George J. Wan ◽  
Belinda Lovelace ◽  
Jim Potenziano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Index Hospitalization ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Hypoxic Respiratory Failure ◽  
Near Term

Objectives: This study quantified the burden of hypoxic respiratory failure (HRF)/persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn (PPHN) in preterm and term/near-term infants (T/NTs) by examining health care resource utilization (HRU) and charges in the United States. Methods: Preterms and T/NTs (≤34 and >34 weeks of gestation, respectively) having HRF/PPHN, with/without meconium aspiration in inpatient setting from January 1, 2011-October 31, 2015 were identified from the Vizient database (first hospitalization=index hospitalization). Comorbidities, treatments, HRU, and charges during index hospitalization were evaluated among preterms and T/NTs with HRF/PPHN. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate mortality-related factors. Results: This retrospective study included 504 preterms and 414 T/NTs with HRF/PPHN. Preterms were more likely to have respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal jaundice, and anemia of prematurity than T/NTs. Preterms had significantly longer inpatient stays (54.1 vs 29.0 days), time in a neonatal intensive care unit (34.1 vs 17.5 days), time on ventilation (4.7 vs 2.2 days), and higher total hospitalization charges ($613,350 vs $422,558) (all P<0.001). Similar rates were observed for use of antibiotics (96.2% vs 95.4%), sildenafil (9.5% vs 8.2%), or inhaled nitric oxide (93.8% vs 94.2%). Preterms had a significantly higher likelihood of mortality than T/NTs (odds ratio: 3.6, 95% confidence interval: 2.3-5.0). Conclusions: The findings of more severe comorbidities, higher HRU, hospitalization charges, and mortality in preterms than in T/NTs underscore the significant clinical and economic burden of HRF/PPHN among infants. The results show significant unmet medical need; further research is warranted to determine new treatments and real-world evidence for improved patient outcomes.

High Speed Rail for America’s Regional Transportation: A Study of Amtrak’s Northeast Corridor

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Wang ◽  
P. Bortner ◽  
W. Peterson ◽  
D. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Rail Network ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Benefits And Costs

After 60 years and more than $1.9 trillion of investments, the United States has developed one of the world’s most advanced highway and aviation systems. However, these transportation systems are now at a gridlock. To reduce the congestion and increase efficiency of America’s regional transportation, rail transit should be considered as a promising, long-term solution. The recent stimulus package provides planners an opportunity to reconsider the potentials of regional passenger rail network, especially the high speed rail system. After examining the development history and current condition of America’s passenger rail network, the paper focuses on Amtrak’s Northeast Corridor (NEC) and proposes three different improvement plans that can increase travel speeds and attract more ridership: (1) return the corridor to a state of good repair; (2) construct a new dedicated High-Speed Rail track; and (3) develop a multimodal-shared and connected corridor. Each plan has its advantages and drawbacks, and measuring the extent of each plan’s benefits and costs is known to be challenging. To evaluate these plans, the paper utilizes a non-traditional cost-benefit analysis method which considers changes in ridership, life-cycle costs as well as each plan’s economic and environmental impacts (negative or positive). It is found that returning the existing corridor to a state of good repair is the most efficient improvement plan in near term.

The Industrial Safety Professionals: A Comparative Analysis from World War I until the 1980S

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Industrial Medicine

The birth of industrial society produced demand for the services of professionals specialized in matters related to industrial safety. Three professions—safety engineering, industrial medicine, and ergonomics—are examined. These professions are observed to either submit to single sets of demands, to integrate contradictory demands, or to experience scission. Until the late 1960s their growth appears to have been relatively peaceful and uncontroversial. From this period onward, controversy breaks out over questions related to industrial safety, and professions and government administrations grow. Increasingly, the traditional approach of safety professionals is called into question, and they adopt new orientations. These changes are mapped through the examination of data drawn principally from the United States, France, Great Britain, and to a lesser extent Brazil. The traditional standards approach competes with cost-benefit analysis and with systemic safety for influence; in addition, an emergent approach that analyzes accident causes in terms of social relations of work is detected. From Bhopal to Chernobyl, new technologies subject civilian populations to risks of catastrophic accidents, and the action of safety professionals comes under the spotlight. The analysis constructed permits new understandings of the past and the future of these professions.

Neonatal Intensive Care: Cost-Benefit Analysis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-799
Author(s):  
LEHMAN E. BLACK ◽  
RICHARD J. DAVID ◽  
DAVID G. MCLONE
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
Lifetime Earnings

To the Editor.— The article by Walker et al1 supports an idea that is becoming commonplace in the medical literature: preserving the lives of certain segments of the population (in this case very low-birth-weight babies) may not be worthwhile, not because we are inflicting pain and suffering on them by our treatments, but because they may constitute a net fiscal burden on society. These authors are even more explicit than most, using a cost-benefit analysis that compares the costs of neonatal intensive care and future medical and educational services to an infant's "expected lifetime earnings" to determine a baby's net worth.

Inflation Inequality: Measurement, Causes, and Policy Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Jaravel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Optimal Taxation ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date

Does inflation vary across the income distribution? This article reviews the growing literature on inflation inequality, describing recent advances and opportunities for further research in four areas. First, new price index theory facilitates the study of inflation inequality. Second, new data show that inflation rates decline with household income in the United States. Accurate measurement requires granular price and expenditure data because of aggregation bias. Third, new evidence quantifies the impacts of innovation and trade on inflation inequality. Contrary to common wisdom, empirical estimates show that the direction of innovation is a significant driver of inflation inequality in the United States, whereas trade has similar price effects across the income distribution. Fourth, inflation inequality and non-homotheticities have important policy implications. They transform cost-benefit analysis, optimal taxation, the effectiveness of stabilization policies, and our understanding of secular macroeconomic trends—including structural change, the decline in the labor share and interest rates, and labor market polarization. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Economics, Volume 13 is August 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals The New Control of Territory and Urban Planning: the Eminent Domain in the US

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Sonia Paone
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eminent Domain ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Transfer Property ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Supreme Court ◽  
The City

The article analyses the transformations of the use of eminent domain in the United States in the context of urban redevelopment programs. In the past the private property has been expropriated for public use only. Recently it is possible to forcibly transfer property, from a private subject to private developers, on the basis of a cost-benefit analysis that demonstrates that the new use is more efficient than the previous one. This profound change has been possible thanks to a progressive modification of the concept of public use. Traditionally, public use coincided with the construction of infrastructures and public utility, such as highways and railroads. Over the time, it has come to include other aims: firstly, projects of urban renewal and economic development carried forth by private developers. Essentially, it has resulted in the use of expropriation to assemble lands which are then granted to subjects who intervene in the reconfiguration of the city for private purposes. Starting from some important examples of urban development, the main phases of this process are reconstructed, also taking into account the most important decisions of the US Supreme Court that contributed to the change of doctrine, invalidating the postulate of public use as justification for expropriation.

scholarly journals Managing Leadership in the Indo-Pacific: The United States’ South Asia Strategy Revisited

2017 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 463-480
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Yang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Conditional Cooperation ◽  
United States South ◽  
Strategic Objective

The United States’ South Asia strategy has been based on the calculation of its overall national security priorities. In practice, when U.S. priorities are at odds with those of other regional powers, Washington tends to adopt a “no-expectations” psychological approach toward its regional partners to avoid disappointment, a technical “de-hyphenation strategy” to improve policy efficiency, and practical cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of its South Asia strategy. However, Washington often has to come to terms with the realities on the ground with regard to its leadership role in South Asia. For the time being, Washington has articulated its strategic objective in South Asia, that is, a regional balance of power in favor of the United States vis-a-vis its perceived competitor, China. Therefore, it has conducted conditional cooperation with Pakistan and Afghanistan on land, and committed support for India on security issues in the Indian Ocean, so as to hedge against China’s growing presence in South Asia. The enhancement of U.S.-India defense and security cooperation has fueled China’s suspicion of India’s intention to join the U.S.-led coalition against it. By the logic of balance of power, the United States will continue to regard India as a strategic counterweight to China, which is likely to increase the possibility of strategic tensions and conflicts between China and India that may finally entangle the United States.

Neonatal Intensive Care: Cost-Benefit Analysis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 798-799
Author(s):  
DONALD N. MANGRAVITE
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio

To the Editor.— I would like to commend Walker and colleagues1 for their comprehensive examination of the costs and benefits of neonatal intensive care for infants weighing less than 1,000 grams. However, examining only one group of infants served by a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) can be misleading. By definition, a tertiary level NICU is designed to provide a broad range of services to infants with a wide variety of illnesses. As is true for any system expected to provide a broad range of services, some services will result in a more favorable cost-benefit ratio than others.

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