scholarly journals THEORY AND TECHNOLOGY OF MANUFACTURING A FERROALLOY FROM CARBON FERROCHROME DUSTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Viktor Shevko ◽  
Yevgeniy Afimin ◽  
Gulnara Karatayeva ◽  
Alexandra Badikova ◽  
Timur Ibrayev
Keyword(s):  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Electric Melting ◽  
Energy Minimum ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Equilibrium Conditions ◽  
Carbon Ferrochrome ◽  
Dust Mass ◽  
Extraction Degree ◽  
Planning Technique

The article contains the research results of obtaining a ferroalloy from a carbon ferrochrome dust containing 30,2% of Сr2O3, 23.4% of SiO2, 32.7% of MgO, 5.0% of FeO, 1.6% of CaO, 4.5%of Al2O3, 2.3%of C, and 0.3 %-others. The studies were carried out by a thermodynamic modeling method using the HSC-5.1 software package (Outokumpy) based on the principle of the Gibbs energy minimum, the Box-Hunter rototable planning technique and electric melting of the dust in an arc furnace. It was found that the interaction of the dust with carbon under equilibrium conditions and in the presence of iron leads to formation of Cr4C(T>10000C),Cr3C2, Cr7C3,Cr (T>11000C), FeSi (T>13000C), SiC (T>14000C), SiOg and Si(T>15000C). In the temperature range of 1745-19000C and in the presence of 18-34% of carbon and 8% of iron of the dust mass, the resulting ferroalloy contained 18.5-25.2% of Si and 46.8-49.4% of Cr (in this case the silicon extraction degree into the alloy was 60.0-64.4%, the chromium one–99.8%). When the electrosmelting the granulated dust together with coke and steel shavings, the chromium extraction degree into the alloy was 98-99%, the silicon one–53-57%; the obtained ferroalloys containing 18.3-21.9% of silicon and 45.6-53.6%of chromium meet the requirements to FeCrSi23-grade ferrosilicochromium.

scholarly journals Ferroalloy production from ferrosilicon manganese dusts

2012 ◽  
Vol 318 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
V.M. Shevko ◽  
◽  
D.K. Aitkulov ◽  
A.D. Badikova ◽  
M.A. Tuleyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metallurgical Plant ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Ferroalloy Production ◽  
Electric Melting ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Smelting ◽  
Degree Of Extraction

The article presents the results of studies on the influence of time, the amount of steel shavings and coke on the electric melting of ferrosilicon manganese dusts to obtain a ferroalloy. The research was carried out by the method of rotational planning of the second order (Box-Hunter plans) and by electric smelting of dust in laboratory ore-thermal arc furnace. Dust from the production of ferromanganese by LLP Taraz Metallurgical Plant, coke and steel shavings were used during the research. It was determined that to achieve αSi≥70%the process must be carried out in the presence of 25% coke and 8.1-9% steel shavings from the mass of dust for 55.8-60 minutes, to achieve αMn in an alloy of 80-85% the process must be carried out in the presence of 25% coke, 5.7-9.0% steel shavings for 41.2-54.4 minutes. When melting the charge containing 75.2% of dust, 18.8% of coke, 6% of steel shavings, within 60 minutes the weight of the ferroalloy was 258 g (38.8% of the weight of the charge or 51.6% of the weight of dust). The degree of extraction of manganese into the alloy was 82.3%, silicon - 66.1%. The resulting ferroalloy belongs to ferrosilicon manganese of the FeMnSi12 grade.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic modeling of composition and propereties of self-fluxing materials based on the nickel

2020 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 02026
Author(s):  
Nina Ilinykh ◽  
Anastasia Krivorigova ◽  
Boris Gelchinski ◽  
Sergey Ilinykh ◽  
Leonid Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Condensed Phase ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Total Pressure ◽  
Thermodynamic Simulation ◽  
Thermodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Equilibrium Composition ◽  
Argon Atmosphere ◽  
Temperature Dependences

Self-fluxing nickel or cobalt-based alloys that use boron, phosphorus or silicon, as melting point depressants and fluxing agents are thermodynamic simulation of self-fluxing materials Ni-0.5C-15Cr-3.2Si-2B (PGSR-2) and Ni-1C-17Cr-4.1Si-3.6B (PGSR-4) was performed. As the software for simulation of phase and chemical equilibrium the TERRA software package was used. The simulation was carried out in the temperature range 300–3000 K at a total pressure P = 105 Pa in an argon atmosphere. The temperature dependences of the equilibrium composition and thermodynamic characteristics (enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy) of the alloys of the investigated systems were calculated. It is shown that Ni, Cr, C, Ni3B, Ni2B, NiB, Ni2Si, NiSi, CrB, CrSi can be formed in the condensed phase under equilibrium heating of PGSR-2. When PGSR-4 is heated in the condensed phase, along with the above components, Cr5B3, CrB2 and Cr3C2 compounds can be formed. The temperature dependences of the thermodynamic characteristics of the systems studied have kinks that can be explained by phase transformations.

scholarly journals A Variational Approach to Electrostatics of Polarizable Heterogeneous Substances

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Grinfeld ◽  
Pavel Grinfeld
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Variational Approach ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Equilibrium Conditions ◽  
Energy Principle ◽  
Polarization Effects ◽  
Consistent Extension ◽  
Divergence Free ◽  
Physical Phenomena

We discuss equilibrium conditions for heterogeneous substances subject to electrostatic or magnetostatic effects. We demonstrate that the force-like aleph tensorℵijand the energy-like beth tensorℶijfor polarizable deformable substances are divergence-free:∇iℵij=0and∇iℶij=0. We introduce two additional tensors: the divergence-free energy-like gimel tensorℷijfor rigid dielectrics and the general electrostatic gamma tensorΓijwhich is not divergence-free. Our approach is based on a logically consistent extension of the Gibbs energy principle that takes into account polarization effects. While the model is mathematically rigorous, we caution against the assumption that it can reliably predict physical phenomena. On the contrary, clear models often lead to conclusions that are at odds with experiment and therefore should be treated as physical paradoxes that deserve the attention of the scientific community.

Monitoring Erosion Profile and Analyzing Reliability for Submerged Arc Furnace

2011 ◽  
Vol 402 ◽  
pp. 390-396
Author(s):  
Dong Hu ◽  
Jing Yao Wang ◽  
Li Jie Li ◽  
Shao Jun Chu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Safety Hazard ◽  
Freeze Lining ◽  
Potential Safety ◽  
Submerged Arc Furnace ◽  
Hazard Rating ◽  
Monitoring Software ◽  
Submerged Arc

Based on the principle of heat transfer, a monitoring software package about identifying erosion profile of submerged arc furnace with “freeze” lining is developed by VC++. Reliability of traditional lining without monitoring system and “freeze” lining with monitoring software are evaluated by Fuzzy FMECA Method. There is a conclusion can be draw that the hazard rating of submerged arc furnace with traditional lining is 2.9094.This value of “freeze” lining is 2.1087.The result indicates that adopting the “freeze” lining with monitoring software can drop the potential safety hazard effectively and reduce casualties.

scholarly journals Extraction Kinetics of Silicon, Aluminum, and Calcium from Dubersay Basalt by Electric Smelting

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4566-4570
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Simulation ◽  
Calcium Carbide ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Ferrous Alloys ◽  
Equilibrium Conditions ◽  
Maximum Extraction ◽  
Simultaneous Decrease ◽  
Electric Smelting ◽  
Kinetics Of

This article presents experimental results of extraction of silicon, aluminum into ferrous alloys and calcium into calcium carbide by electric smelting of basalt from Dubersay deposit. The studies were performed using thermodynamic simulation and electric smelting in arc furnace. The thermodynamic simulation was performed using HSC-5.1 software based on the principle of minimum Gibbs energy. The studied blend was smelted in one-electrode lined arc furnace. The experimental results of extraction of silicon, aluminum, and calcium from Dubersay basalt demonstrated that under equilibrium conditions, interaction of basalt with carbon and iron was accompanied by formation of CaSiO3 , Al2SiO3 , FeSi, SiO2 , SiC, CaSi, Na2SiO3 , SiO(g), Si(g), CaC2 , CaO, Ca(g), Al2O3 , Al, Al(g). During electric smelting of basalt it was detected that without lime silicon and aluminum were maximally extracted into alloy, and calcium into calcium carbide – in 30-45 min, herewith, the maximum extraction rate (76.5%) was observed for silicon extraction into alloy, and the minimum rate (65.3%) – for calcium extraction into carbide; when 25% of lime were added to basalt, the rate of calcium extraction into calcium carbide increased to 87.3% with simultaneous decrease in the rates of silicon and aluminum extraction into alloy to 71.4% and 60%; respectively; in order to achieve the rate of silicon and aluminum extraction into alloy of 76.1-76.8% and 70.0-72.4%, respectively, and of calcium into calcium carbide of 77-79.4% with production of calcium carbide of 235-239 dm3 /kg, the electric smelting of basalt should be performed with 7.3-11.2% of lime from basalt weight in 36.2-33.9 min.

Energy-saving conditions for electric melting of prereduced pellets in the bath of an arc furnace

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (6) ◽  
pp. 459-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Merker ◽  
E. A. Chermenev ◽  
V. A. Stepanov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Electric Melting ◽  
Arc Furnace

scholarly journals Recovery of Chromium from Slags Leachates by Electrocoagulation and Solid Product Characterization

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1593
Author(s):  
Lubomir Pikna ◽  
Maria Hezelova ◽  
Agnieszka Morillon ◽  
David Algermissen ◽  
Ondrej Milkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Slag ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Solid Product ◽  
Stainless Steel Slag ◽  
Carbon Ferrochrome ◽  
Ferrochrome Slag ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Slags produced in the steelmaking industry could be a source of chromium. Slags contain, depending on different types of slags, between 2 to 5 wt.% of Cr. Roasting of slag with NaOH, followed by subsequent leaching can produce leachates which can be efficiently processed using electrocoagulation (EC). This paper provides results from the EC process optimization for Cr(VI) solutions with initial concentration 1000 mg/L of Cr(VI). Influence of pH, current intensity and NaCl concentration on the efficiency of chromium recovery, energy consumption as well as solid product composition is discussed in detail. Optimum of pH = 6 was chosen for EC processing of Cr leachates as well as current intensities of 0.1–0.5 A because of the higher Cr/Fe ratio in solid product compared to higher current intensities. Results of EC processing of four real leachates of electric arc furnace carbon steel slag (EAFC), electric arc furnace stainless steel slag (EAFS), low carbon ferrochrome slag (LC FeCr) and high carbon ferrochrome slag (HC FeCr) were evaluated. Comparison of the results of four real leachate samples is presented. Obtained final solid product was identified as (Fe0.6 Cr0.4)2O3 and with up to 20% of Cr could be used as source of chromium in the ferrochrome production.

Electric Melting of Iron-Ore Prereduced Pellets in an Electric Arc Furnace

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (12) ◽  
pp. 1002-1005
Author(s):  
E. E. Merker ◽  
L. N. Krakht ◽  
O. I. Malakhova ◽  
A. A. Kozhukhov ◽  
E. A. Chermenev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Electric Melting ◽  
Arc Furnace
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