Features of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 Genetic Polymorphism in Nizhny Tagil Metallurgical Plant Workers with Cardiovascular Diseases

Background: The development of cardiovascular diseases is determined not only by working conditions but also by genetic characteristics of employees. Genetic GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 variations contribute to individual differences in responses to industrial chemicals and carcinogens. Objective: To study the features of the genetic polymorphism of the GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genes in metallurgical plant workers with diseases of the cardiovascular system in the town of Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk Region, Russian Federation. Materials and methods: The case cohort included 61 men aged 33 to 61 years (mean: 48.15 ± 7.50 years), working in the converter shop and suffering from heart diseases. The control cohort consisted of 29 conditionally healthy male employees, aged 23–56, of the same iron and steel works having no signs of a cardiovascular disease. The DNA was isolated from peripheral blood using a standard technique. Deletion polymorphism of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes was determined by quantitative PCR; Ile105Val polymorphism of the GSTP1 gene was established by qPCR using a commercial test kit. Results: We observed no statistically significant differences between the cohorts for any of the studied genes. The frequency of occurrence of the combination of GSTM1 (0/0) and GSTT1 (0/0) in the cases and controls was 14 % and 11 %, respectively, but the difference was negligible. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that the presence of null genotypes of GSTM1, GSTT1, as well as the mutant GSTP1 allele and the associated loss of enzyme activity contribute little to the development of cardiovascular diseases in workers exposed to occupational hazards.

Worm infestations among workers (and employees) of the Kulebak Metallurgical Plant due to their general morbidity

Regarding the spread of worm infestations, their role in human pathology, there is a large literature both abroad and here, and yet practitioners take little account of this important factor in general pathology, as well as the economic and economic effect of anti-worm measures among the population and especially among the actively insured. Numerous neurotic, anaemic patients with chronic gastrointestinal tract sufferings flood our outpatient clinics; various, sometimes contradictory diagnoses are made, they are often given disability sheets, and meanwhile, in a significant percentage, these patients could maintain their ability to work with simple anthelminthological measures, and the insurance authorities would save considerable funds on this.

SIMPLIFIED APPROACH OF DETERMINATION OF THE MEASURE TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT OF THE METALLURGICAL PLANT

The article proposes the approach for determining the measure to increase the efficiency of railway transport of the metallurgical plant. The analysis of scientific and normative works on the efficiency of railway transport at industrial enterprises showed that this issue is not fully covered and requires more detailed study. The work of the railway shop of the metallurgical enterprise is considered, namely, the turnover off right cars of different owners and the time of their stay on the factory tracks are determined. An analysis of statistical data was made, which showed that the time difference between the standard set at the enterprise and the actual time of stay of the freight car at the planthas a large discrepancy. This requires spending additional funds for the use of cars of different owners. For this purpose, a model for determining measures to minimize costs at the metallurgical enterprise was developed. The algorithm for its solution involves five stages of calculations. It is based on the model of managements science, which is presented as the approach of linear programming to determine the optimal means of allocating scarce resources in the presence of competing needs. Calculations were made, thanks to which the first stage of development of the model for determining the measure to improve the performance of railway transport was performed and the indicators that characterize it were determined. The total time of rolling stock at the enterprise is determined. Based on this, it is established that it is necessary to separate from the total time the time spent at each station according to the operations performed with the cars. Costs are determined operationally due to the received analysis of the stay and turnover of the freight car at the metallurgical enterprise. Installed stations, which are the most time-consuming freight cars, is there is an excess of payment for the down time of cars at these stations. Based on this, it was decided that it is necessary to study in more detail the operations performed with cars at theses stations and to identify "weaknesses" in the turnover of the freight car at the metallurgical enterprise.

PREVENTION ISSUES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND PRODUCTION-RELATED DISEASES IN MINING INDUSTRY WORKERS

Protecting and promoting the health of workers in the mining industry is one of the most important problems of occupational pathology and health care. The structure and levels of prevention of occupational diseases are directly dependent on harmful and adverse factors of the production environment and labor process, adequately reflecting the state of production. Purpose: to study the issues of prevention of occupational and production-related diseases of mining and metallurgical plant workers. Research materials and methods: a dynamic observation of the health status of workers in the main industries of the mining and metallurgical plant (800 workers) was carried out. 92 patients with silicosis were examined. Results: Up to 92.8% of first-time occupational diseases are detected during periodic medical examinations. The prevailing sociomatic pathology is cardiovascular pathology, namely, arterial hypertension and diseases of the musculoskeletal system, mainly osteochondrosis of the spine. Prevalence of silicosis was observed in individuals with little professional experience (from 5 years old), young age and primary detection of patients in stage II silicosis, which was accompanied by respiratory failure. Conclusions: The prevention programme developed will ensure a high level of health care in terms of early diagnosis, rehabilitation and secondary prevention of both occupational and occupational diseases.

Influence of ferrous metallurgy enterprises on atmospheric air quality as an ecological component of territories sustainable development. Report 2

The adoption of the UN Sustainable Development Goals until 2030 served as an impulse for development and implementation of regulatory legal acts aimed at environmental protection in the Russian Federation, including appropriate fnancial mechanisms. The task of reducing level of air pollution is highlighted in the UN program documents as one of the priorities. The most problematic in terms of air pollution in Russia are 12 cities, seven of which have ferrous metallurgy enterprises. The problems of ecological development of large industrial centers remain (despite the implementation of the state program of the Russian Federation “Environmental Protection” since 2012, and the national project “Ecology” since 2019) introduction of a quota system for pollutant emissions substances, determination of the list of compensatory measures and creation of the federal information system for atmospheric air quality monitoring. In cities such as Krasnoyarsk and Novokuznetsk, the average actual annual concentration of some pollutants, which are highly toxic and carcinogenic substances of I and II hazard classes, exceeds the permissible maximum by 5 – 6 times. We have analyzed content of the reports of the specialized state authorities at the regional level on state and protection of environment. It is concluded that there is no unity of methodological approaches to presentation of analytical information on state and quality of atmospheric air in reports, as well as untimely publication of the reports themselves. The fact of inertia of the institutional environment was revealed in terms of including irrelevant norms in the adopted legal acts, and as a consequence – emergence of expenditure obligations of budgets, without real need for them. It was established that large enterprises of ferrous metallurgy (Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant PJSC (Mechel) and Krasnoyarsk Metallurgical Plant LLC), operating in cities with very high levels of air pollution, did not draw up corporate non­fnancial reporting in the GRI format.

Prospects for Using Alumina-Containing Industrial Waste in Cement Production

Local industrial waste from the Samara region (aluminochrome waste of petrochemicals, aluminium sludge of non-ferrous metallurgy) has been studied for use in the production of fire-resistant lining materials with enhanced operational characteristics. The composition and properties of industrial wastes formed at the Samara Metallurgical Plant and their application for obtaining active liquid-steel binder compositions have been studied. The dependence of these compositions refractoriness on the type of hardener and the amount of additive has been analyzed.

Effect of continuity of refinery on the working index of electric arc furnace

The need for metal usage is indispensable in the daily activities of human life. Metal is needed for the construction of different infrastructures such as houses, roads, bridges etc but despite the fact there is huge amount of metal available, it does not meet the global demand. Thus this paper investigated continuity of refinery as a measure to improve the efficiency of Electric Arc Furnace. In order to achieve maximum precision during production, getting the product at relatively reduced price has remained a major problem to Scientists. The experiment was conducted at industrial scale whereby the time was varied from 20 to 40 minutes while energy consumption rose from 0.0542 to 0.1103 mW-Hour/ton and productivity fell from 253.0 to 99.2 ton/Hour .The data were collected from active furnace in Zerepaves Metallurgical plant, Russia and analyzed with software package for accuracy. It can be concluded that increasing refinery continuity reduces working productivity of the electric arc furnace.