scholarly journals Bioaccumulation of 60Co2+ ions in tobacco plants

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Ľuboš Vrtoch ◽  
Martin Pipíška ◽  
Miroslav Horník ◽  
Jozef Augustín
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Tobacco Roots ◽  
Radionuclide Uptake ◽  
Exchangeable Form

Tobacco has previously been used in investigations of metals and radionuclide uptake. This study presents determination of bioaccumulation and translocation of 60Co2+ ions in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) grown in Hoagland’s nutrient solution. Cobalt concentration in tobacco plants increased with increasing concentration in nutrient solution. Bioaccumulation from the initial concentration C0 = 0.96 μM Co reached 90% after 7 day cultivation. Only small amounts of Co accumulated in roots, up to 2 - 4 % were removable from roots by washing with 0.1 M CoCl2, indicating that this portion of Co is bound to the root surface in ion-exchangeable form. Tobacco roots retained approximately 2/3 of accumulated cobalt and 1/3 was transported to shoots. Autoradiography revealed that 60Co was preferentially localized in younger leaves. Prolongation of cultivation time did not change the [Co]roots : [Co]shoots ratio significantly. Relationships between growth rate, transpiration rate, uptake and distribution of cobalt in plant tissue are discussed.

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation and distribution of 137Cs in tobacco cultivated under hydroponic conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Jana Guldanová ◽  
Miroslav Horník ◽  
Jana Marešová ◽  
Martin Pipíška ◽  
Jozef Augustín
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Speciation Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Visual Minteq ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Hydroponically Grown ◽  
Cs Ions ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions

Potential of plants to uptake metals from soil solution can be successfully applied for removal of long-lived radionuclides such as radiostrontium 90Sr or radiocaesium 137Cs. This work deals with bioaccumulation of Cs in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) hydroponically grown in diluted Hoagland media (HM) spiked with 137CsCl. Speciation analysis using a program Visual MINTEQ showed, that more than 97% of caesium in HM occurred in the form of Cs+ ions. We found that bioaccumulation of Cs significantly decreased from the value 100% to the value 20% removing of Cs from media after 8 days cultivation of plants with increasing HM concentration. However, the concentration ratio (CR) [Cs]shoot : [Cs]root increased with increasing HM concentration from the value 0.10 to the value 0.85. Bioaccumulation of Cs by tobacco plants significantly decreased with increasing CsCl concentration in media from the value 95% found at concentration of CsCl 10 μmol/dm3 to the value 44% at concentration of CsCl 1 000 μmol/dm3. We did not found visual symptoms of Cs toxicity on plants after 8 days cultivation or significant differences in growth rate or transpiration activity at CsCl concentration up to 0.2 mM. However, at > 0.2 mM CsCl concentration the decrease of growth rate and necrosis of young leaves or die-back of leaves (> 2 mM CsCl) were observed. The CR ([Cs]shoot : [Cs]root) increased with increasing concentration of CsCl (10 – 1 000 μmol/dm3) in media from the value 0.10 to the value 0.40. The obtained data suggest that fast growing plant species with high biomass production like tobacco might be a suitable in phytoextraction or rhizofiltration technologies used for 137Cs removing from environment.

scholarly journals Effect of chelating agents on phytoxicity and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in vascular plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Horník ◽  
Jana Guldanová ◽  
Martin Pipíška ◽  
Jana Marešová ◽  
Jozef Augustín
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Speciation Analysis ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Visual Minteq ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Tobacco Roots ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

In this work the effect of chelating agents ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and nitrilotriacetate (NTA) on phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation of Cd and Co in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) hydroponically grown in diluted Hoagland media (HM) spiked with 109Cd and 60Co was studied. Speciation analysis using a program Visual MINTEQ showed, that the portion of bioavailable ionic Me2+ forms significantly decreased in the presence of EDTA or NTA in 25% HM for account of [Me-EDTA]2- or [Me-NTA]- complexes. We found that the equimolar addition of EDTA or NTA to 50 μmol/dm3 CdCl2 or CoCl2 in HM positively diminished phytotoxicity of Cd or Co on tobacco plants. Bioaccumulation of Cd by tobacco roots during 8 d cultivation was minimally affected in the presence of equimolar concentrations of EDTA or NTA to 10 μmol/dm3 CdCl2 in media. On the contrary, equimolar concentration of EDTA or NTA added into HM caused considerable decrease of Co uptake by tobacco roots. Cadmium showed higher mobility in conductive tissues of tobacco plants than cobalt and the transport ratio in the presence of EDTA or NTA increased 2-times or 3-times in comparison with control experiments (without addition of chelates), respectively. In the case of cobalt this effect was observed in a less extent. Obtained data suggest the possibilities and constraints in the use of chelating agents in phytoextraction technologies in term of phytotoxicity, uptake and translocation of metals in plant tissues.

scholarly journals A Modification of the Lemna Test for Phytotoxicity

1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Fritz Fromm
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Toxic Agent ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Daily Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Irregular Growth

1. The count of fronds of Lemna minor is more suitable for the determination of the growth rate than that of the number of plants. 2. The minimum volume of Clark's nutrient solution for one plant with two fronds is 1 ml. per day. 3. The growth of Lemna minor in nutrient solution produces measurable changes in nutrient concentration in 24 hours. A daily change of the solution is, therefore, advisable. This applies also to the nutrient containing the toxic agent, as a decrease in concentration is likely to occur there as well. 4. The previous history of the plants manifests itself in an irregular growth rate during the first days of the experiment, if their history is different from the conditions of the experiment. Plants to be used for a test should, therefore, be cultivated under the conditions to be applied for the control until their growth rate is reasonably constant. 5. The modified method for the Lemna test for phytotoxicity is described.

scholarly journals Direct and Indirect Effect via Endophytism of Entomopathogenic Fungi on the Fitness of Myzus persicae and Its Ability to Spread PLRV on Tobacco

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Junior Corneille Fingu-Mabola ◽  
Thomas Bawin ◽  
Frédéric Francis
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Metarhizium Acridum ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Leafroll Virus ◽  
Diverse Plant

Aphids are major crop pests that transmit more than half of all insect-vectored plant viruses responsible for high yield losses worldwide. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are biological control agents mainly used by foliar application to control herbivores, including sap-sucking pests such as aphids. Their ability to colonize plant tissues and to interact with diverse plant pathogenic microorganisms have been reported. In our study, we evaluated the effectiveness of Beauveria bassiana ((Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin) directly applied by contact or/and indirectly via endophytism in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) against the virus vector Myzus persicae (Sulzer) carrying the Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) or not. We found that both contact treatment and endophytic colonization of leaves significantly increased aphid mortality and decreased the fecundity rate when compared to control plants. In addition, on fungal-colonized leaves, viruliferous aphids were more negatively impacted than virus-free ones and nymph mortality was significantly higher than on fungal-free plants. Furthermore, we assessed PLRV transmission by M. persicae on tobacco plants inoculated with either B. bassiana or Metarhizium acridum ((Driver and Milner) JF Bischoff, Rehner, and Humber) as source or/and recipient plants. Myzus persicae was found to acquire and transmit PLRV regardless of the treatment. Nevertheless, the infection rate of endophytically colonized plants was lower at a seven-day incubation period and had increased to almost 100% after fifteen days. These results suggest that B. bassiana is effective against aphids, both by contact and via endophytism, and both B. bassiana and M. acridum delayed PLRV infection in tobacco.

Determination of low boron concentrations in nutrient solution

1996 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Chapman ◽  
G. L. Kerven ◽  
D. G. Edwards ◽  
C. J. Asher ◽  
F. P. C. Blamey
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution

On Two New Nematodes (Aphelenchoidea) from Tobacco Roots in India

1970 ◽  
Vol 44 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Tandon ◽  
S. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Alcohol Mixture ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Tobacco Roots ◽  
Pure Glycerine

Two new species belonging to two different families of the super-family Aphelenchoidea are described. The material was obtained from the roots of tobacco plants, Nicotiana tabacum.The worms were killed by hot water, fixed in F.A.A. solution, cleared in 1% glycerine alcohol mixture and mounted in pure glycerine.

Determination of the Growth Rate of Hydrothermally Synthesised ZnO2 Crystallites

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Egblewogbe ◽  
Garu Gebreyesus ◽  
Samuel A. Atarah
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Zinc Acetate Dihydrate ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Growth Rate Constant ◽  
Acetate Dihydrate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Zinc Peroxide

Powders consisting of nanoparticles of zinc peroxide were prepared via a simple hydrothermal process using zinc acetate dihydrate and hydrogen peroxide precursors. The size of the crystallites was determined using x-ray powder diffraction. Over a period of 5 hours the crystallite radius increased from 4 nm – 9 nm at a temperature of 68 °C ± 5 °C, with growth rate constant of 0.23 nm3 min−1 calculated using the Lifshitz, Slyozov, and Wagner model. The powders were further characterised with High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis, and Small Angle X-ray Scattering, showing well-crystallised ZnO2 nanoparticles.

Kinetic Study of Methyl Orange Adsorption from Solution by IOCZ

2013 ◽  
Vol 684 ◽  
pp. 194-197
Author(s):  
Yi Ke Li ◽  
Bing Lu Zhao ◽  
Wei Xiao ◽  
Run Ping Han ◽  
Yan Qiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Adsorption From Solution ◽  
Adsorption Quantity ◽  
Regressive Analysis

The effect of contact time and the determination of the kinetic parameters of adsorption of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution onto Iron-Oxide-Coated-Zeolite (IOCZ) powder are important in understanding the adsorption mechanism. The effect of contact time on adsorption quantity was studied at different initial concentration and temperature, respectively. The pseudo-second-order model was adopted to fit the experimental data using non-linear regressive analysis and it was used to predict the adsorption behavior. The results showed that the process of adsorption MO was endothermic and chemisorption. The pore diffusion was not significant.

scholarly journals Biochar increases tobacco yield by promoting root growth based on a three-year field application

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianbao Ren ◽  
Huanhuan Wang ◽  
Ye Yuan ◽  
Huilin Feng ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
Physiological Indexes ◽  
Tobacco Roots

AbstractIn order to explore the effects of biochar on root system and growth characteristics of flue-tobacco, three years of field experiments were conducted to study the influence of different biochar application levels [600 (T1), 1200 (T2), 1800(T3), 2400 (T4), 3000 (T5) kg/ha] and no fertilizer (CK) on the root physiological indexes and growth index of tobacco. Compared with local conventional fertilization, the application rate of N fertilizer in each treatment (except for control) was reduced by 40% to analyze the effects of different amount of biochar on the physiological indexes of tobacco roots and leaf photosynthesis during flourishing. The results showed that tobacco plants' root development status in the flourishing period was consistent with the photosynthetic physiological indexes, chlorophyll content, and leaf-area coefficient. Compared with the control, the application of biochar could increase the root vigor by 177.8%. Biochar improved the roots, increasing the total root area by 91.35% and the number of root tips by 100.9%. Meanwhile, biochar increased the net photosynthetic rate of tobacco leaves by 77.3% and the total tobacco biomass by 72.5%. Studies have shown that biochar can promote the development of tobacco roots, and then enhance the photosynthesis of leaves, so that tobacco plants can grow healthily, which is conducive to the tobacco production and the cultivation of soil.

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