scholarly journals Effect of chelating agents on phytoxicity and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in vascular plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Horník ◽  
Jana Guldanová ◽  
Martin Pipíška ◽  
Jana Marešová ◽  
Jozef Augustín
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Speciation Analysis ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Visual Minteq ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Tobacco Roots ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

In this work the effect of chelating agents ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and nitrilotriacetate (NTA) on phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation of Cd and Co in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) hydroponically grown in diluted Hoagland media (HM) spiked with 109Cd and 60Co was studied. Speciation analysis using a program Visual MINTEQ showed, that the portion of bioavailable ionic Me2+ forms significantly decreased in the presence of EDTA or NTA in 25% HM for account of [Me-EDTA]2- or [Me-NTA]- complexes. We found that the equimolar addition of EDTA or NTA to 50 μmol/dm3 CdCl2 or CoCl2 in HM positively diminished phytotoxicity of Cd or Co on tobacco plants. Bioaccumulation of Cd by tobacco roots during 8 d cultivation was minimally affected in the presence of equimolar concentrations of EDTA or NTA to 10 μmol/dm3 CdCl2 in media. On the contrary, equimolar concentration of EDTA or NTA added into HM caused considerable decrease of Co uptake by tobacco roots. Cadmium showed higher mobility in conductive tissues of tobacco plants than cobalt and the transport ratio in the presence of EDTA or NTA increased 2-times or 3-times in comparison with control experiments (without addition of chelates), respectively. In the case of cobalt this effect was observed in a less extent. Obtained data suggest the possibilities and constraints in the use of chelating agents in phytoextraction technologies in term of phytotoxicity, uptake and translocation of metals in plant tissues.

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation and distribution of 137Cs in tobacco cultivated under hydroponic conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Jana Guldanová ◽  
Miroslav Horník ◽  
Jana Marešová ◽  
Martin Pipíška ◽  
Jozef Augustín
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Speciation Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Visual Minteq ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Hydroponically Grown ◽  
Cs Ions ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions

Potential of plants to uptake metals from soil solution can be successfully applied for removal of long-lived radionuclides such as radiostrontium 90Sr or radiocaesium 137Cs. This work deals with bioaccumulation of Cs in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) hydroponically grown in diluted Hoagland media (HM) spiked with 137CsCl. Speciation analysis using a program Visual MINTEQ showed, that more than 97% of caesium in HM occurred in the form of Cs+ ions. We found that bioaccumulation of Cs significantly decreased from the value 100% to the value 20% removing of Cs from media after 8 days cultivation of plants with increasing HM concentration. However, the concentration ratio (CR) [Cs]shoot : [Cs]root increased with increasing HM concentration from the value 0.10 to the value 0.85. Bioaccumulation of Cs by tobacco plants significantly decreased with increasing CsCl concentration in media from the value 95% found at concentration of CsCl 10 μmol/dm3 to the value 44% at concentration of CsCl 1 000 μmol/dm3. We did not found visual symptoms of Cs toxicity on plants after 8 days cultivation or significant differences in growth rate or transpiration activity at CsCl concentration up to 0.2 mM. However, at > 0.2 mM CsCl concentration the decrease of growth rate and necrosis of young leaves or die-back of leaves (> 2 mM CsCl) were observed. The CR ([Cs]shoot : [Cs]root) increased with increasing concentration of CsCl (10 – 1 000 μmol/dm3) in media from the value 0.10 to the value 0.40. The obtained data suggest that fast growing plant species with high biomass production like tobacco might be a suitable in phytoextraction or rhizofiltration technologies used for 137Cs removing from environment.

scholarly journals 137Cs Uptake and Translocation in Leafy Vegetable: a Study with Lactuca Sativa L. Grown Under Hydroponic Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Šuňovská ◽  
Miroslav Horník ◽  
Jana Marešová ◽  
Martin Pipíška ◽  
Jozef Augustín
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Speciation Analysis ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Visual Minteq ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Translocation Efficiency ◽  
Hydroponic Study ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions

Abstract A hydroponic study involving lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.) as a leafy vegetable was conducted to evaluate the 137Cs uptake and translocation in plant tissues in dependence on the presence or absence of K+ or/and NH4+ ions in cultivation media according to Hoagland (HM) during 8 d plants growth under hydroponic conditions. Significant increase of the 137Cs+ uptake by lettuce plants and the decrease of 137Cs+ translocation efficiency from roots to leaves were observed in 50 % HM deficient in K+ and NH4+ ions. Speciation analysis using Visual MINTEQ program showed that at micromolar concentration of CsCl (5 μmol/dm3) in 50 % HM at pH 6.0 and 25 °C, cesium was occurred practically only in the free cationic Cs+ form − 98.8 %, with minor proportions of other cesium species: CsCl − 0.4 %, CsNO3 − 0.4 %, and CsSO4 - − 0.4 %. Surplus of Cl-, NO3- and SO42- ions in HM causes the increase of proportions of the cesium species CsCl, CsNO3 and CsSO4-, respectively at the expense of bioavailable Cs+ form. Radiocesium 137Cs taken up via roots was removed from lettuce leaves with high efficiency by boiling in diluted NaCl solution. At ambient temperature the extraction of 137Cs with diluted acetic acid was concentration and time dependent process, and was succeeded by leakage of tissue components absorbing at 260 nm. These findings are important for the risk assessment of radiocesium entry into the food chain via contaminated leafy vegetable.

A SDD1-like subtilase is exuded by tobacco roots

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Wendlandt ◽  
Martin Moche ◽  
Dörte Becher ◽  
Christine Stöhr
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Serine Protease ◽  
Root Exudate ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
High Conservation ◽  
Race Pcr ◽  
Tobacco Roots ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

Hydroponically grown tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Samsun) roots exude proteases under non-stressed conditions. Ten different proteases could be distinguished by 2D-zymography of root exudate. The majority of the gelatinolytic activity was susceptible to serine protease inhibitors. One of the proteases could be assigned to an EST (SGN-P361478) by mass spectrometry of immune-purified root exudate. The sequence was completed by RACE-PCR and shows typical serine protease features of subtilase family S8A. Thermostability and SDS-insensitivity indicate a kinetically stable enzyme. Phylogenetic classification of this highly gelatinolytic subtilase showed SDD1 to be the closest relative in Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heynh.). Even closer related protein sequences could be found in other distant plant genera indicating a high conservation of the subtilase. A 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-homocysteine methyltransferase-like protein and suberisation-associated anionic peroxidase-like protein were co-immune-purified and identified by mass spectrometry and may constitute potential interaction partners.

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation of 60Co2+ ions in tobacco plants

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Ľuboš Vrtoch ◽  
Martin Pipíška ◽  
Miroslav Horník ◽  
Jozef Augustín
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Tobacco Roots ◽  
Radionuclide Uptake ◽  
Exchangeable Form

Tobacco has previously been used in investigations of metals and radionuclide uptake. This study presents determination of bioaccumulation and translocation of 60Co2+ ions in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) grown in Hoagland’s nutrient solution. Cobalt concentration in tobacco plants increased with increasing concentration in nutrient solution. Bioaccumulation from the initial concentration C0 = 0.96 μM Co reached 90% after 7 day cultivation. Only small amounts of Co accumulated in roots, up to 2 - 4 % were removable from roots by washing with 0.1 M CoCl2, indicating that this portion of Co is bound to the root surface in ion-exchangeable form. Tobacco roots retained approximately 2/3 of accumulated cobalt and 1/3 was transported to shoots. Autoradiography revealed that 60Co was preferentially localized in younger leaves. Prolongation of cultivation time did not change the [Co]roots : [Co]shoots ratio significantly. Relationships between growth rate, transpiration rate, uptake and distribution of cobalt in plant tissue are discussed.

scholarly journals Direct and Indirect Effect via Endophytism of Entomopathogenic Fungi on the Fitness of Myzus persicae and Its Ability to Spread PLRV on Tobacco

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Junior Corneille Fingu-Mabola ◽  
Thomas Bawin ◽  
Frédéric Francis
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Metarhizium Acridum ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Leafroll Virus ◽  
Diverse Plant

Aphids are major crop pests that transmit more than half of all insect-vectored plant viruses responsible for high yield losses worldwide. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are biological control agents mainly used by foliar application to control herbivores, including sap-sucking pests such as aphids. Their ability to colonize plant tissues and to interact with diverse plant pathogenic microorganisms have been reported. In our study, we evaluated the effectiveness of Beauveria bassiana ((Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin) directly applied by contact or/and indirectly via endophytism in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) against the virus vector Myzus persicae (Sulzer) carrying the Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) or not. We found that both contact treatment and endophytic colonization of leaves significantly increased aphid mortality and decreased the fecundity rate when compared to control plants. In addition, on fungal-colonized leaves, viruliferous aphids were more negatively impacted than virus-free ones and nymph mortality was significantly higher than on fungal-free plants. Furthermore, we assessed PLRV transmission by M. persicae on tobacco plants inoculated with either B. bassiana or Metarhizium acridum ((Driver and Milner) JF Bischoff, Rehner, and Humber) as source or/and recipient plants. Myzus persicae was found to acquire and transmit PLRV regardless of the treatment. Nevertheless, the infection rate of endophytically colonized plants was lower at a seven-day incubation period and had increased to almost 100% after fifteen days. These results suggest that B. bassiana is effective against aphids, both by contact and via endophytism, and both B. bassiana and M. acridum delayed PLRV infection in tobacco.

On Two New Nematodes (Aphelenchoidea) from Tobacco Roots in India

1970 ◽  
Vol 44 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Tandon ◽  
S. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Alcohol Mixture ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Tobacco Roots ◽  
Pure Glycerine

Two new species belonging to two different families of the super-family Aphelenchoidea are described. The material was obtained from the roots of tobacco plants, Nicotiana tabacum.The worms were killed by hot water, fixed in F.A.A. solution, cleared in 1% glycerine alcohol mixture and mounted in pure glycerine.

scholarly journals Biochar increases tobacco yield by promoting root growth based on a three-year field application

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianbao Ren ◽  
Huanhuan Wang ◽  
Ye Yuan ◽  
Huilin Feng ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
Physiological Indexes ◽  
Tobacco Roots

AbstractIn order to explore the effects of biochar on root system and growth characteristics of flue-tobacco, three years of field experiments were conducted to study the influence of different biochar application levels [600 (T1), 1200 (T2), 1800(T3), 2400 (T4), 3000 (T5) kg/ha] and no fertilizer (CK) on the root physiological indexes and growth index of tobacco. Compared with local conventional fertilization, the application rate of N fertilizer in each treatment (except for control) was reduced by 40% to analyze the effects of different amount of biochar on the physiological indexes of tobacco roots and leaf photosynthesis during flourishing. The results showed that tobacco plants' root development status in the flourishing period was consistent with the photosynthetic physiological indexes, chlorophyll content, and leaf-area coefficient. Compared with the control, the application of biochar could increase the root vigor by 177.8%. Biochar improved the roots, increasing the total root area by 91.35% and the number of root tips by 100.9%. Meanwhile, biochar increased the net photosynthetic rate of tobacco leaves by 77.3% and the total tobacco biomass by 72.5%. Studies have shown that biochar can promote the development of tobacco roots, and then enhance the photosynthesis of leaves, so that tobacco plants can grow healthily, which is conducive to the tobacco production and the cultivation of soil.

scholarly journals Lead Phytoremediation Potential of Wild Type and Transgenic Tobacco Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-182
Author(s):  
Hatice DAGHAN ◽  
Veli UYGUR ◽  
Abdullah EREN
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco Plants ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Lead Phytoremediation

Genetiği değiştirilmiş bitkiler, kurşunun (Pb) kökten yer üstü kısımlarına translokasyonunu geliştirmek için büyük bir potansiyele sahip olabilir. Transgenik olmayan ( Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Petit Havana SR1) ve transgenik (p-cV-ChMTII GFP) tütün bitkileri tarafından Pb alımının sağlanması araştırmak için Çin hamsteri metalotiyonin II gezen bir kap deneyi yapıldı . Transgenik ve transgenik olmayan tütün bitkileri, 0, 1000, 2500, 5000 mg Pb kg- 1 ile Pb (NO 3 ) 2 olarak işlenmiş topraklarda yetiştirildi. Kelimede bir büyüme bölümünde 6 hafta boyunca çiçeklenme aşamasına kadar.Bitkilerin büyümesi, klorofil içeriği, mineral besin elementleri ve düşük glutatyon (GSH) bezleri, bitkilerin Pb alım potansiyeli ile birlikte incelenmiştir. Hem transgenik hem de transgenik olmayan bitkiler için Pb uygulamasındaki artışa bağlı olarak yer üstü biyokütle çevrildi aşamalı bir düşüş gözlendi. Yaprak besinlerinin bulaştığı, aşırı Pb işlemlerinden olumsuz etkilenmiştir, bunlardan en büyük düşüşü. Sürgün Pb yüksek derecesi 76.0 mg kg kadar ulaşan -1 transgenik ve 70.9 mg kg -1 transgenik olmayan bitkilerde. Pb alımı, p-cV-ChMTII GFP'nin tütün bitkisine aktarılmasıyla iyileştirildi; ancak, Pb fitoremediasyonunda yeterli değildi. 

scholarly journals Enhanced Biomass Yield of and Saccharification in Transgenic Tobacco Over-Expressing β-Glucosidase

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 806
Author(s):  
Eun Jin Cho ◽  
Quynh Anh Nguyen ◽  
Yoon Gyo Lee ◽  
Younho Song ◽  
Bok Jae Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Thermotoga Maritima ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco Plants ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Lignocellulose Conversion ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Genome Transcription

Here, we report an increase in biomass yield and saccharification in transgenic tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) overexpressing thermostable β-glucosidase from Thermotoga maritima, BglB, targeted to the chloroplasts and vacuoles. The transgenic tobacco plants showed phenotypic characteristics that were significantly different from those of the wild-type plants. The biomass yield and life cycle (from germination to flowering and harvest) of the transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing BglB were 52% higher and 36% shorter than those of the wild-type tobacco plants, respectively, indicating a change in the genome transcription levels in the transgenic tobacco plants. Saccharification in biomass samples from the transgenic tobacco plants was 92% higher than that in biomass samples from the wild-type tobacco plants. The transgenic tobacco plants required a total investment (US$/year) corresponding to 52.9% of that required for the wild-type tobacco plants, but the total biomass yield (kg/year) of the transgenic tobacco plants was 43% higher than that of the wild-type tobacco plants. This approach could be applied to other plants to increase biomass yields and overproduce β-glucosidase for lignocellulose conversion.

scholarly journals MgONPs Can Boost Plant Growth: Evidence from Increased Seedling Growth, Morpho-Physiological Activities, and Mg Uptake in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Cai ◽  
Minghong Liu ◽  
Zhongwei Liu ◽  
Huikuan Yang ◽  
Xianchao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Paraffin Section ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Tobacco Roots ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mg Content

In this study, we documented the impact of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) on the various morpho-physiological changes by root irrigation in tobacco plants in the matrix media, as well as the uptake and accumulation of the NPs over a range of concentrations (50–250 μg/mL). Our results showed that the seed germination rate was not affected following exposure to MgONPs for 5 days. Enhanced plant growth together with increased peroxidase activity (39.63 U mg−1 protein in the 250 μg/mL MgONPs treatment, 36.63 U mg−1 protein in the control), superoxide dismutase activity (30.15 U mg−1 protein compared to 26.95 U mg−1 protein in the control), and chlorophyll content (the chlorophyll a and b contents in 0 and 250 μg/mL of MgONPs were 0.21, 0.12 μg/g to 1.21, 0.67 μg/g, respectively) were observed after 30 days of MgONP treatment. However, the malondialdehyde, protein, and relative water contents did not differ significantly, indicating that the NPs in the test concentrations had no phytotoxicity and even promoted plant growth. Scanning electron microscopy and paraffin section observations indicated that the MgONPs did not affect the plant tissue structures and cells. In addition, an elevated Mg content was detected in the plant tissues exposed to MgONPs, suggesting that the Mg was taken up by the tobacco roots and translocated to the shoots and leaves, which were probably the most important tools to cause an increase in the chlorophyll content and stimulate growth. In particular, compared with the controls, a substantially higher Mg content was observed in the leaves (12.93 mg/g in the MgONPs treatment, 9.30 mg/g in the control) exposed to 250 μg/mL MgONPs, especially in the lower and middle leaves. This result confirmed that the contents of plant Mg-element in the old leaves were increased by MgONPs. In summary, this study investigated increased Mg uptake and growth stimulation, as well as the induction of various positive morpho-physiological changes to tobacco plants when exposed to MgONPs. Results elucidate the promotional impact of the NPs on plant health and their implications for agricultural safety and security.

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